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Three types of all-fiber mode-selection couplers based on fused few-mode fibers (FMFs) are proposed and demonstrated. The specific mode conversions are achieved with appropriate parameters, keeping to the coupling mode theory. LP01 mode is selectively converted into the LP11, LP21, LP02 mode via a 2×2 fused fiber coupler composed of single-mode fiber (SMF) and FMF. By changing the preset parameters in fabrication, mode conversions are also realized between the LP01 and the mixed high order modes. Moreover, conversions from the LP01 mode to other higher order modes are implemented as well in a 3×3 fiber coupler comprising FMF-SMF-FMF structures. Besides, different modes are simultaneously obtained in separated channels to reduce model crosstalk. Distinguished from other techniques, symmetric and asymmetric fused biconical taper are employed in this paper. The 2×2 fiber coupler achieves the conversion from LP01 mode to a single higher order mode such as LP11 or LP21 mode over a broadband spectral range from 1530 nm to 1560 nm. Meanwhile, the mode conversion efficiency exceeding 80% is recorded in experiment, while the insertion loss remains as low as 0.8 dB. Through the comparison with all-fiber mode-selection couplers reported, the relationship between fusion-degree and conversion efficiency is further studied. The experimental results are consistent with the numerical simulations. In addition, the coupler based mode-selection with lower insertion loss and higher conversion efficiency shows potential applications in mode-division multiplexing and sensing systems.
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Keywords:
- fiber optics /
- few mode fiber /
- mode selective coupler /
- fused biconical taper
[1] Essiambre R, Kramer G, Winzer P J, Foschini G J 2010 J. Lightwave Technol. 28 662
[2] Essiambre R, Mecozzi A 2012 Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference Los Angeles, California, March 4-8, 2012 pOW3D.1
[3] Essiambre R, Tkach R W 2012 Proc. IEEE 100 1035
[4] Yan L S, Liu X, Shieh W 2011 IEEE Photon. J. 3 325
[5] Yao S C, Fu S N, Zhang M M, Tang M, Shen P, Liu D M 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 144215 (in Chinese) [姚殊畅, 付松年, 张敏明, 唐明, 沈平, 刘德明 2013 62 144215]
[6] Chan F Y M, Lau A P T, Tam H Y 2012 Opt. Express 20 4548
[7] Lin Z, Zheng S W, Ren G B, Jian S S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064214 (in Chinese) [林桢, 郑斯文, 任国斌, 简水生 2013 62 064214]
[8] Ryf R, Randel S, Gnauck A H, Bolle C, Sierra A, Mumtaz S, Esmaeelpour M, Burrows E C, Essiambre R J, Winzer P J, Peckham D W, McCurdy A H, Lingle R 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 521
[9] Sorin W V, Kim B Y, Shaw H J 1986 Opt. Lett. 11 581
[10] Xie Y W, Fu S N, Zhang M M, Tang M, Shum P, Liu D M 2013 Opt. Commun. 306 185
[11] Lai K, Leon-Saval S G, Witkowska A, Wadsworth W J, Birks T A 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 328
[12] Witkowska A, Leon-Saval S G, Pham A, Birks T A 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 306
[13] Tsekrekos C P, Syvridis D 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 2461
[14] Ismaeel R, Lee T, Oduro B, Jung Y M, Brambilla G 2014 Opt. Express 22 11610
[15] Gabriel P B, Katharina H, Henrik T, Peter W, Sayinc H, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 2382
[16] Huang W P, Xu C L 1993 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 29 2639
[17] Huang W P 1994 Opt. Soc. Am. A 11 963
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[1] Essiambre R, Kramer G, Winzer P J, Foschini G J 2010 J. Lightwave Technol. 28 662
[2] Essiambre R, Mecozzi A 2012 Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference Los Angeles, California, March 4-8, 2012 pOW3D.1
[3] Essiambre R, Tkach R W 2012 Proc. IEEE 100 1035
[4] Yan L S, Liu X, Shieh W 2011 IEEE Photon. J. 3 325
[5] Yao S C, Fu S N, Zhang M M, Tang M, Shen P, Liu D M 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 144215 (in Chinese) [姚殊畅, 付松年, 张敏明, 唐明, 沈平, 刘德明 2013 62 144215]
[6] Chan F Y M, Lau A P T, Tam H Y 2012 Opt. Express 20 4548
[7] Lin Z, Zheng S W, Ren G B, Jian S S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064214 (in Chinese) [林桢, 郑斯文, 任国斌, 简水生 2013 62 064214]
[8] Ryf R, Randel S, Gnauck A H, Bolle C, Sierra A, Mumtaz S, Esmaeelpour M, Burrows E C, Essiambre R J, Winzer P J, Peckham D W, McCurdy A H, Lingle R 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 521
[9] Sorin W V, Kim B Y, Shaw H J 1986 Opt. Lett. 11 581
[10] Xie Y W, Fu S N, Zhang M M, Tang M, Shum P, Liu D M 2013 Opt. Commun. 306 185
[11] Lai K, Leon-Saval S G, Witkowska A, Wadsworth W J, Birks T A 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 328
[12] Witkowska A, Leon-Saval S G, Pham A, Birks T A 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 306
[13] Tsekrekos C P, Syvridis D 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 2461
[14] Ismaeel R, Lee T, Oduro B, Jung Y M, Brambilla G 2014 Opt. Express 22 11610
[15] Gabriel P B, Katharina H, Henrik T, Peter W, Sayinc H, Morgner U, Neumann J, Kracht D 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 2382
[16] Huang W P, Xu C L 1993 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 29 2639
[17] Huang W P 1994 Opt. Soc. Am. A 11 963
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