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Using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory, we systematically study the geometry structure, electronic structure and optical properties of the small size (n, 0)-type TiO2 nanotubes (D2 unit decreases with the diameter increasing, and the nanotubes become more stable. At a diameter of about 14 Å, a configuration change occurs. Band structure analysis shows that electronic states of TiO2 nanotubes are localized, and the conductivity is better for nanotubes with small diameters (D2 nanotubes shift from direct band gap to indirect band gap. And the band gap increases with diameter increasing, because π orbital overlap effect is greater than the quantum confinement effect. Owing to the competition between the two effects, the peaks of the dielectric function ε2(ω) will become redshifted or blueshifted. When its diameter is larger than 9 Å ((8, 0) tube), the optical absorption of TiO2 nanotubes will be significantly enhanced.
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Keywords:
- TiO2 nanotubes /
- first-principles /
- electronic structure /
- optical properties
[1] Chen X, Mao S S 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 2891
[2] Ghicov A, Schmuki P 2009 Chem. Commun. 20 2791
[3] Devan R S, Patil R A, Lin J H, Ma Y R 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 3326
[4] Zheng Q, Zhou B X, Bai J, Li L H, Jin Z J, Zhang J L, Li J H, Liu Y B, Cai W M, Zhu X Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 1044
[5] Wang D A, Liu Y, Wang C W, Zhou F, Liu W M 2009 ACS Nano 3 1249
[6] Shao Z F, Yang Y Q, Liu S T, Wang Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 096105
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[8] Varghese O K, Paulose M, LaTempa T J, Grimes C A 2009 Nano Lett. 9 731
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[10] Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cai N, Xiong S Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5806 (in Chinese) [张苑, 赵颖, 蔡宁, 熊绍珍 2008 57 5806]
[11] Wang Y Q, Hu G Q, Duan X F, Sun H L, Xue Q K 2002 Chem. Phys. Lett. 365 427
[12] Akita T, Okumura M, Tanaka K, Ohkuma K, Kohyama M, Koyanagi T, Date M, Tsubota S, Haruta M 2005 Surf. Interface Anal. 37 265
[13] Zhang S, Peng L M, Chen Q, Du G H, Dawson G, Zhou W Z 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 256103
[14] Afshar S, Hakamizadeh M 2009 J. Exp. Nanosci. 4 77
[15] Armstrong G, Armstrong A R, Canales J, Bruce P G 2005 Chem. Commun. 19 2454
[16] IvanovskayaV V, Enyashin A N, Ivanovskii A L 2003 Mendeleev Commun. 13 5
[17] Enyashin A N, Seifert G 2005 Phys. Status Solidi B 242 1361
[18] Wang J G, Wang J, Ma L, Zhao J J, Wang B L, Wang G H 2009 Physica E 41 838
[19] Liu Z J, Zhang Q, Qin L C 2007 Solid State Commun. 141 168
[20] Bandura A V, Evarestov R A 2009 Surf. Sci. 603 L117
[21] Evarestov R A, Bandura A V, Losev M V, Piskunov S, Zhukovskii Y F 2010 Physica E 43 266
[22] Hossain F M, Evteev A V, Belova I V, Nowotny J, Murch G E 2010 Comput. Mater. Sci. 48 854
[23] Ferrari A M, Szieberth D, Noel Y 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 4568
[24] Liu H, Lin M H, Tan K 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 1843 (in Chinese) [刘昊, 林梦海, 谭凯 2012 物理化学学报 28 1843]
[25] Zhang H Y, Dong S L 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 043102
[26] Meng Q Q, Guan Z Y, Huang J, Li Q X, Yang J L 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 11519
[27] Hohenberg P, Kohn W 1964 Phys. Rev. 136 B864
[28] Kohn W, Sham L J 1965 Phys. Rev. 140 A1133
[29] Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865
[30] Fischer T H, Almlof J 1992 J. Phys. Chem. 96 9768
[31] Vanderbilt D 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 7892
[32] Lin J S, Qteish A, Payne M C, Heine V 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 4174
[33] Monkhorst H J, Pack J D 1976 Phys. Rev. B 13 5188
[34] Jones R O, Gunnarsson O 1989 Rev. Mod. Phys. 61 689
[35] Godby R W, Schluter M, Sham L J 1988 Phys. Rev. B 37 10159
[36] Wang C S, Klein B M 1981 Phys. Rev. B 24 3417
[37] Liu H 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 057206
[38] Bavykin D V, Gordeev S N, Moskalenko A V, Lapkin A A, Walsh F C 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 8565
[39] Zhang J K, Deng S H, Jin H, Liu Y L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5371 (in Chinese) [张金奎, 邓胜华, 金慧, 刘悦林 2007 56 5371]
[40] Huang S P, Wu D S, Hu J M, Zhang H, Xie Z, Hu H, Cheng W D 2007 Opt. Express 15 10947
[41] Margulis V A, Gaiduk E A, Muryumin E E, Boyarkina O V, Fomina L V 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 245419
[42] Liang W Z, Wang X J, Yokojima S, Chen G 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 11129
[43] Pan H, Feng Y P, Lin J Y 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 035420
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[1] Chen X, Mao S S 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 2891
[2] Ghicov A, Schmuki P 2009 Chem. Commun. 20 2791
[3] Devan R S, Patil R A, Lin J H, Ma Y R 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 3326
[4] Zheng Q, Zhou B X, Bai J, Li L H, Jin Z J, Zhang J L, Li J H, Liu Y B, Cai W M, Zhu X Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 1044
[5] Wang D A, Liu Y, Wang C W, Zhou F, Liu W M 2009 ACS Nano 3 1249
[6] Shao Z F, Yang Y Q, Liu S T, Wang Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 096105
[7] Shankar K, Bandara J, Paulose M, Wietasch H, Varghese O K, Mor G K, LaTempa T J, Thelakkat M, Grimes C A 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1654
[8] Varghese O K, Paulose M, LaTempa T J, Grimes C A 2009 Nano Lett. 9 731
[9] Lin F, Li Z Y, Wang S Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8544 (in Chinese) [林峰, 李缵轶, 王山鹰 2009 58 8544]
[10] Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cai N, Xiong S Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5806 (in Chinese) [张苑, 赵颖, 蔡宁, 熊绍珍 2008 57 5806]
[11] Wang Y Q, Hu G Q, Duan X F, Sun H L, Xue Q K 2002 Chem. Phys. Lett. 365 427
[12] Akita T, Okumura M, Tanaka K, Ohkuma K, Kohyama M, Koyanagi T, Date M, Tsubota S, Haruta M 2005 Surf. Interface Anal. 37 265
[13] Zhang S, Peng L M, Chen Q, Du G H, Dawson G, Zhou W Z 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 256103
[14] Afshar S, Hakamizadeh M 2009 J. Exp. Nanosci. 4 77
[15] Armstrong G, Armstrong A R, Canales J, Bruce P G 2005 Chem. Commun. 19 2454
[16] IvanovskayaV V, Enyashin A N, Ivanovskii A L 2003 Mendeleev Commun. 13 5
[17] Enyashin A N, Seifert G 2005 Phys. Status Solidi B 242 1361
[18] Wang J G, Wang J, Ma L, Zhao J J, Wang B L, Wang G H 2009 Physica E 41 838
[19] Liu Z J, Zhang Q, Qin L C 2007 Solid State Commun. 141 168
[20] Bandura A V, Evarestov R A 2009 Surf. Sci. 603 L117
[21] Evarestov R A, Bandura A V, Losev M V, Piskunov S, Zhukovskii Y F 2010 Physica E 43 266
[22] Hossain F M, Evteev A V, Belova I V, Nowotny J, Murch G E 2010 Comput. Mater. Sci. 48 854
[23] Ferrari A M, Szieberth D, Noel Y 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 4568
[24] Liu H, Lin M H, Tan K 2012 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 28 1843 (in Chinese) [刘昊, 林梦海, 谭凯 2012 物理化学学报 28 1843]
[25] Zhang H Y, Dong S L 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 043102
[26] Meng Q Q, Guan Z Y, Huang J, Li Q X, Yang J L 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 11519
[27] Hohenberg P, Kohn W 1964 Phys. Rev. 136 B864
[28] Kohn W, Sham L J 1965 Phys. Rev. 140 A1133
[29] Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865
[30] Fischer T H, Almlof J 1992 J. Phys. Chem. 96 9768
[31] Vanderbilt D 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 7892
[32] Lin J S, Qteish A, Payne M C, Heine V 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 4174
[33] Monkhorst H J, Pack J D 1976 Phys. Rev. B 13 5188
[34] Jones R O, Gunnarsson O 1989 Rev. Mod. Phys. 61 689
[35] Godby R W, Schluter M, Sham L J 1988 Phys. Rev. B 37 10159
[36] Wang C S, Klein B M 1981 Phys. Rev. B 24 3417
[37] Liu H 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 057206
[38] Bavykin D V, Gordeev S N, Moskalenko A V, Lapkin A A, Walsh F C 2005 J. Phys. Chem. B 109 8565
[39] Zhang J K, Deng S H, Jin H, Liu Y L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5371 (in Chinese) [张金奎, 邓胜华, 金慧, 刘悦林 2007 56 5371]
[40] Huang S P, Wu D S, Hu J M, Zhang H, Xie Z, Hu H, Cheng W D 2007 Opt. Express 15 10947
[41] Margulis V A, Gaiduk E A, Muryumin E E, Boyarkina O V, Fomina L V 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 245419
[42] Liang W Z, Wang X J, Yokojima S, Chen G 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 11129
[43] Pan H, Feng Y P, Lin J Y 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 035420
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