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To solve the problem of low bandwidth efficiency of underwater acoustic spread spectrum communication, a multicarrier modulation scheme combined with M-ary spread spectrum and cycle shift keying (CSK) is proposed in this paper. The code sequences chosen by M-ary modulation are then modulated by CSK, simultaneously, they are modulated by the orthogonal multicarrier. The approach enhances the bandwidth efficiency greatly. The performances of the system with m-sequence, Kasami-sequence, and Gold sequence as the code sequence are compared over the underwater acoustic multipath channel with the same data rate and the same bandwidth. The simulations and the results of pool experiment show that m-sequence as the code sequence performs best and Gold sequence performs worst. The number of the m-sequence is limited. In order to increase the data rate further and make the performances of other sequences close to the m-sequence, a new approach to suppressing the inter-carrier interference (ICI), named multiple sequences, is proposed. The approach can greatly suppress the ICI caused by multipath and make the performance close to the performance of the m-sequence.
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Keywords:
- M-ary spread spectrum /
- cycle shift keying /
- orthogonal multicarrier /
- inter-carrier interference
[1] Hui J Y 1992 Underwater Acoustic Channel (Beijing: National Defence Industry Press) pp56–65 (in Chinese) [惠俊英 1992 水下声信道 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第56–65页]
[2] Stojanovic M, Catipovic J, Proakis J 1994 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 19 100
[3] Bingham J A C 1990 IEEE Commun. Mag. 28 5
[4] Stojanovic M 1996 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 21 125
[5] Bejjani E, Belfiore J C 1996 Proc. IEEE Oceans ’96 Fort Lauderdale 1996 p1125
[6] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Wang Y L, Hui J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5915 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 王逸林, 慧娟 2007 56 5915]
[7] Zhang G S, Hovem J M, Dong H F, Zhou S H, Du S P 2010 Appl. Acoust. 71 11
[8] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Guo L X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1753 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 郭龙祥 2008 57 1753]
[9] Wang H B, Wu L X 2004 Acta Acoust. 29 162 (in Chinese) [王海斌, 吴立新 2004 声学学报 29 162]
[10] Xu X K, Zhou S L, Morozov A K, Preisig J C 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133 2746
[11] van Walree P A 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 3525
[12] Qu F Z, Yang L Q, Yang T C 2009 Proceedings of Oceans MTS/IEEE Conference Biloxi, October 26–29, 2009 p1
[13] Zhang G S, Dong H F 2012 Appl. Acoust. 73 872
[14] Loybet G, Capellano V, Filipiak R 1997 Proceedings of IEEE Oceans ’97 Conference Halifax October 6–9, 1997 p574
[15] Freitag L, Stojanovic M, Singh S, Johnson M 2001 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 26 586
[16] He C B, Huang J G, Han J, Zhang Q F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8379 (in Chinese) [何成兵, 黄建国, 韩晶, 张群飞 2009 58 8379]
[17] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064302 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2013 62 064302]
[18] Zhou F, Yin Y L, Qiao G 2012 J. Harbin Eng. Univ. 33 567 (in Chinese) [周锋, 尹艳玲, 乔钢 2012 哈尔滨工程大学学报 33 567]
[19] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234301 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2012 61 234301]
[20] Chitre M 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122 2580
[21] Tian R C 2007 Spread Spectrum Communication (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) p4 (in Chinese) [田日才 2007 扩频通信 (北京: 清华大学出版社)第4页]
[22] Welch L R 1974 IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 20 397
[23] Yang L L, Hanzo L 1999 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 48 18
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[1] Hui J Y 1992 Underwater Acoustic Channel (Beijing: National Defence Industry Press) pp56–65 (in Chinese) [惠俊英 1992 水下声信道 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第56–65页]
[2] Stojanovic M, Catipovic J, Proakis J 1994 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 19 100
[3] Bingham J A C 1990 IEEE Commun. Mag. 28 5
[4] Stojanovic M 1996 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 21 125
[5] Bejjani E, Belfiore J C 1996 Proc. IEEE Oceans ’96 Fort Lauderdale 1996 p1125
[6] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Wang Y L, Hui J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5915 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 王逸林, 慧娟 2007 56 5915]
[7] Zhang G S, Hovem J M, Dong H F, Zhou S H, Du S P 2010 Appl. Acoust. 71 11
[8] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Guo L X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1753 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 郭龙祥 2008 57 1753]
[9] Wang H B, Wu L X 2004 Acta Acoust. 29 162 (in Chinese) [王海斌, 吴立新 2004 声学学报 29 162]
[10] Xu X K, Zhou S L, Morozov A K, Preisig J C 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133 2746
[11] van Walree P A 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 3525
[12] Qu F Z, Yang L Q, Yang T C 2009 Proceedings of Oceans MTS/IEEE Conference Biloxi, October 26–29, 2009 p1
[13] Zhang G S, Dong H F 2012 Appl. Acoust. 73 872
[14] Loybet G, Capellano V, Filipiak R 1997 Proceedings of IEEE Oceans ’97 Conference Halifax October 6–9, 1997 p574
[15] Freitag L, Stojanovic M, Singh S, Johnson M 2001 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 26 586
[16] He C B, Huang J G, Han J, Zhang Q F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8379 (in Chinese) [何成兵, 黄建国, 韩晶, 张群飞 2009 58 8379]
[17] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064302 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2013 62 064302]
[18] Zhou F, Yin Y L, Qiao G 2012 J. Harbin Eng. Univ. 33 567 (in Chinese) [周锋, 尹艳玲, 乔钢 2012 哈尔滨工程大学学报 33 567]
[19] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234301 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2012 61 234301]
[20] Chitre M 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122 2580
[21] Tian R C 2007 Spread Spectrum Communication (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) p4 (in Chinese) [田日才 2007 扩频通信 (北京: 清华大学出版社)第4页]
[22] Welch L R 1974 IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 20 397
[23] Yang L L, Hanzo L 1999 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 48 18
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