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Pseudo-collision (Pc) as a common but neglected phenomenon in swarm optimization algorithm is revealed in this paper. Mechanism analysis on the inevitability of Pc indicates that both the lack of relation among samples and the unconstrained behavior of sampling are the inherent character of agent operation causing Pc in state-of-the-art swarm algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Based on the result of mechanism analysis, a novel partition management and classification sampling strategy is proposed to reduce Pc. In addition, both uniform and non-uniform principles are designed to facilitate the trade-off between exploration and exploitation during optimization. Rain forest algorithm (RFA), of which the evolution mechanism is identical with the above strategy and the principles, is proposed in this paper. By examining the rapidity, accuraty, and generalization capability across six benchmark nonconvex functions, RFA is found to be competitive with or even superior to GA and PSO in dealing with complex multi-peak optimization.
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Keywords:
- ptimization algorithm /
- swarm intelligence /
- evolutionary computation /
- computational intelligence
[1] Beni G, Wang J 1989 Proceedings of NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems Tuscany, Italy, June 26-30, 1989 p703
[2] Engelbrecht A, Li X, Middendorf M, Gambardella L M 2009 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 13 677
[3] Smith A E 2000 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 4 192
[4] Zu Y X, Zhou J, Zeng C C 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 119501
[5] Wang T T, Li W L, Chen Z H, Miao L 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 76401
[6] Gao F, Li Z Q, Tong H Q 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1196
[7] Zhao Z J, Zheng S L, Xu C Y, Kong X Z 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 1619
[8] Liu X M, Li Y H 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 1927
[9] Zhu S F, Liu F, Chai Z Y, Qi Y T, Wu J S 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 96401 (in Chinese) [朱思峰, 刘芳, 柴争义, 戚玉涛, 吴建设 2012 61 96401]
[10] Kennedy J, Eberhart R 1995 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks Perth, WA, November 27-December 01, 1995 p1942
[11] Guo Y C, Hu L L, Ding Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 54304 (in Chinese) [郭业才, 胡苓苓, 丁锐 2012 61 54304]
[12] Wang D F, Han P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1644 [王东风, 韩璞 2006 55 1644]
[13] Gao F, Tong H Q 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 577 [高飞, 童恒庆 2006 55 577]
[14] Chen W N, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen N, Zhan Z H, Chung H, Li Y, Shi Y 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 17 241
[15] Blackwell T 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 354
[16] Li X, Yao X 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 210
[17] Zhan Z H, Zhang J, Li Y, Shi Y H 2011 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 15 832
[18] van den Bergh F, Engelbrecht A P 2004 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 8 225
[19] Li X 2010 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 14 150
[20] Shi Y, Eberhart R C 1998 Proceedings of Evolutionary Programming San Diego, California, USA, March 25-27, 1998 p591
[21] Trelea I C 2003 Information Processing Letters 85 317
[22] Montes De Oca M A, Stutzle T, Birattari M, Dorigo M 2009 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 13 1120
[23] Poli R 2008 Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications 2008 1
[24] Iqbal M, Montes De Oca M A 2006 Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on ant colony optimization and swarm intelligence Brussels, Belgium, September 4-7, 2006 p72
[25] Xie X F, Zhang W J, Yang Z L 2002 IEEE 2002 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions Chengdu, China, June 29-July 1, 2002 p1170
[26] Zhang J, Hung H S, Lo W L 2007 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 11 326
[27] Naznin F, Sarker R, Essam D 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 615
[28] Poli R, Kennedy J, Blackwell T 2007 Swarm Intelligence Journal 1 33
[29] Poli R 2009 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 13 712
[30] Macnish C 2007 Connection Science 19 361
[31] Yang Q, Ding S C 2007 Computer Engineering and Applications 43 80
[32] Ronkkonen J, Li X D, Kyrki V, Lampinen J 2011 Soft Computing 15 1689
[33] Vural R A, Yildirim T, Kadioglu T, Basargan A 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 135
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[1] Beni G, Wang J 1989 Proceedings of NATO Advanced Workshop on Robots and Biological Systems Tuscany, Italy, June 26-30, 1989 p703
[2] Engelbrecht A, Li X, Middendorf M, Gambardella L M 2009 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 13 677
[3] Smith A E 2000 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 4 192
[4] Zu Y X, Zhou J, Zeng C C 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 119501
[5] Wang T T, Li W L, Chen Z H, Miao L 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 76401
[6] Gao F, Li Z Q, Tong H Q 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 1196
[7] Zhao Z J, Zheng S L, Xu C Y, Kong X Z 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 1619
[8] Liu X M, Li Y H 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 1927
[9] Zhu S F, Liu F, Chai Z Y, Qi Y T, Wu J S 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 96401 (in Chinese) [朱思峰, 刘芳, 柴争义, 戚玉涛, 吴建设 2012 61 96401]
[10] Kennedy J, Eberhart R 1995 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks Perth, WA, November 27-December 01, 1995 p1942
[11] Guo Y C, Hu L L, Ding Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 54304 (in Chinese) [郭业才, 胡苓苓, 丁锐 2012 61 54304]
[12] Wang D F, Han P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1644 [王东风, 韩璞 2006 55 1644]
[13] Gao F, Tong H Q 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 577 [高飞, 童恒庆 2006 55 577]
[14] Chen W N, Zhang J, Lin Y, Chen N, Zhan Z H, Chung H, Li Y, Shi Y 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 17 241
[15] Blackwell T 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 354
[16] Li X, Yao X 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 210
[17] Zhan Z H, Zhang J, Li Y, Shi Y H 2011 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 15 832
[18] van den Bergh F, Engelbrecht A P 2004 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 8 225
[19] Li X 2010 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 14 150
[20] Shi Y, Eberhart R C 1998 Proceedings of Evolutionary Programming San Diego, California, USA, March 25-27, 1998 p591
[21] Trelea I C 2003 Information Processing Letters 85 317
[22] Montes De Oca M A, Stutzle T, Birattari M, Dorigo M 2009 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 13 1120
[23] Poli R 2008 Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications 2008 1
[24] Iqbal M, Montes De Oca M A 2006 Proceedings of the fifth international workshop on ant colony optimization and swarm intelligence Brussels, Belgium, September 4-7, 2006 p72
[25] Xie X F, Zhang W J, Yang Z L 2002 IEEE 2002 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems and West Sino Expositions Chengdu, China, June 29-July 1, 2002 p1170
[26] Zhang J, Hung H S, Lo W L 2007 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 11 326
[27] Naznin F, Sarker R, Essam D 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 615
[28] Poli R, Kennedy J, Blackwell T 2007 Swarm Intelligence Journal 1 33
[29] Poli R 2009 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 13 712
[30] Macnish C 2007 Connection Science 19 361
[31] Yang Q, Ding S C 2007 Computer Engineering and Applications 43 80
[32] Ronkkonen J, Li X D, Kyrki V, Lampinen J 2011 Soft Computing 15 1689
[33] Vural R A, Yildirim T, Kadioglu T, Basargan A 2012 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 16 135
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