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A novel side-leakage photonic crystal fiber (SLPCF) is proposed and fabricated by introducing a central elliptical Ge-doped core and side-leakage channel. The propagation properties of the ideal and actual structure are modeled by using full-vectorial finite element method for the rebuilt structure. This SLPCF exhibits good compatibility with the standard single mode fiber (SMF) due to its modal diameter of 9.275 μm which is very close to that of SMF at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Modal birefringence of 0.837× 10-4 and the group birefringence of 1.508× 10-4 are obtained at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Based on the side-leakage PCF, a Sagnac interferometer is constituted for evaluating the properties of the actual SLPCF. Experimental results demonstrate that the second order mode can be efficiently confined and thus single mode operation can be realized in a wavelength range from 1450 nm to 1750 nm when this fiber reaches a certain length. In addition, the average measuring value of group birefringence accords with the numerical result. The proposed SLPCF has a number of potential applications in fiber sensor and fiber components with high performance since the introduction of the side-leakage channel enhances its sensitivity, the environmental parameters such as torsion, curve and strain and so on.
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Keywords:
- photonic crystal fiber /
- side-leakage channel /
- birefringence /
- Sagnac interferometer
[1] Knight J C, Birks T A, Russell P St J, Atkin D M 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 1547
[2] Demas J, Grogan M D W, Alkeskjold T, Ramachandran S 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 3768
[3] Nagasaki A, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2011 Opt. Express 19 3799
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[5] Hossain M A, Namihira Y, Islam M A, Hirako Y 2012 Opt. Laser Technol. 44 1261
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[7] Lou S Q, Tang Z W, Wang L W 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 2016
[8] Chen W G, Lou S Q, Wang L W, Jian S S 2010 Opt. Engin. 49 094402
[9] Russell P St J 2006 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 4729
[10] Ju J, Jin W 2009 J. Sens. 2009 476267
[11] Zhang D P, Hu M L, Xie C, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 044206 (in Chinese) (张大鹏, 胡明列, 谢辰, 柴路, 王清月 2012 61 044206)
[12] Lou S Q, Wang Z, Ren G B, Jian S S 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 1052
[13] Liu S, Li S G, Yin G B, Wang X Y 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 034217
[14] Goto R, Jackson S D, Simon F, Kuhlmey B T, Eggleton B J, Himeno K 2008 Opt. Express 16 18752
[15] Im J E, Kim B K, Chung Y 2010 Laser Phys. 20 1918
[16] Kakarantzas G, Ortigosa-Blanch A, Birks T A, Russell P, Farr L, Couny F, Mangan B J 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 158
[17] Han Y G, Chung Y, Lee S B, Kim C S, Jeong M Y, Kim M K 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 2303
[18] Geernaert T, Nasilowski T, Chah K, Szpulak M, Thienpont H 2008 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20 554
[19] Martynkien T, Gabriela S B, Olszewski J, Thienpont H 2010 Opt. Express 18 15113
[20] Kim H M, Kim T H, Kim B K, Chung Y J 2010 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22 1539
[21] Statkiewicz-Barabach G, Carvalho J P, Frazao O, Olszewski J, Mergo P, Santos J L, Urbanczyk W 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 3742
[22] Carvalho J P, Anuszkiewicz A, Statkiewicz-Barabach G, Baptista J M, Frazão O, Mergo P, Santos J L, Urbanczyk W 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 264
[23] Steel M J, White T P, Sterke C M, McPhedran R C, Botten L C 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 488
[24] Wang W, Yang B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 064601 (in Chinese) [王伟, 杨博 2012 61 064601]
[25] Xu Q, Miao R C, Zhang Y N 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234210 (in Chinese) [许强, 苗润才, 张亚妮 2012 61 234210]
[26] Wang L W, Lou S Q, Chen W G, Li H L 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 84209
[27] Uranus H, Hoekstra H 2004 Opt. Express 12 2795
[28] White T P, McPhedran R C, de Sterks C M, Botten L C, Steel M J 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 1660
[29] Dong X, Tam H Y, Shum P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 151113
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[1] Knight J C, Birks T A, Russell P St J, Atkin D M 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 1547
[2] Demas J, Grogan M D W, Alkeskjold T, Ramachandran S 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 3768
[3] Nagasaki A, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2011 Opt. Express 19 3799
[4] Silva S, Santos J L, Malcata F X, Kobelke J, Schuster K, Frazão O 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 852
[5] Hossain M A, Namihira Y, Islam M A, Hirako Y 2012 Opt. Laser Technol. 44 1261
[6] Chen W G, Lou S Q, Wang L W, Jian S S 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 2829
[7] Lou S Q, Tang Z W, Wang L W 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 2016
[8] Chen W G, Lou S Q, Wang L W, Jian S S 2010 Opt. Engin. 49 094402
[9] Russell P St J 2006 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 4729
[10] Ju J, Jin W 2009 J. Sens. 2009 476267
[11] Zhang D P, Hu M L, Xie C, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 044206 (in Chinese) (张大鹏, 胡明列, 谢辰, 柴路, 王清月 2012 61 044206)
[12] Lou S Q, Wang Z, Ren G B, Jian S S 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 1052
[13] Liu S, Li S G, Yin G B, Wang X Y 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 034217
[14] Goto R, Jackson S D, Simon F, Kuhlmey B T, Eggleton B J, Himeno K 2008 Opt. Express 16 18752
[15] Im J E, Kim B K, Chung Y 2010 Laser Phys. 20 1918
[16] Kakarantzas G, Ortigosa-Blanch A, Birks T A, Russell P, Farr L, Couny F, Mangan B J 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 158
[17] Han Y G, Chung Y, Lee S B, Kim C S, Jeong M Y, Kim M K 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 2303
[18] Geernaert T, Nasilowski T, Chah K, Szpulak M, Thienpont H 2008 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20 554
[19] Martynkien T, Gabriela S B, Olszewski J, Thienpont H 2010 Opt. Express 18 15113
[20] Kim H M, Kim T H, Kim B K, Chung Y J 2010 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22 1539
[21] Statkiewicz-Barabach G, Carvalho J P, Frazao O, Olszewski J, Mergo P, Santos J L, Urbanczyk W 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 3742
[22] Carvalho J P, Anuszkiewicz A, Statkiewicz-Barabach G, Baptista J M, Frazão O, Mergo P, Santos J L, Urbanczyk W 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 264
[23] Steel M J, White T P, Sterke C M, McPhedran R C, Botten L C 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 488
[24] Wang W, Yang B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 064601 (in Chinese) [王伟, 杨博 2012 61 064601]
[25] Xu Q, Miao R C, Zhang Y N 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234210 (in Chinese) [许强, 苗润才, 张亚妮 2012 61 234210]
[26] Wang L W, Lou S Q, Chen W G, Li H L 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 84209
[27] Uranus H, Hoekstra H 2004 Opt. Express 12 2795
[28] White T P, McPhedran R C, de Sterks C M, Botten L C, Steel M J 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 1660
[29] Dong X, Tam H Y, Shum P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 151113
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