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Based on the method of multi-scale space (Pm, Gm) and data surrogating test, time-irreversibility analysis is applied to the heart rate variabilities (HRVs) from different crowds and different states, awake and asleep respectively, of healthy youths. The results show that i) the HRVs of healthy crowed have irreversible dynamics prevailingly, while the irreversibility decreases but does not disappear with aging or heart disease appearing. For example, most (more than 75%) of the congestive heart failure (CHF) patients still have irreversible dynamics; ii) for HRVs of healthy crowd, irreversible dynamics presents the daytime/nighttime rhythms and their significant difference between in daytime and in nighttime. And a stronger irreversibility is detected in nighttime. HRV is generated by the cardiac dynamic system, in which regulations usually perform via multiple feedback loops with different delays. Therefore, in order to arrive at a reliable conclusion, multi-scale strategy and data surrogating test are suggested to serve as the two elements for the detection of time irreversibility in HRV. The proposed method combines these two elements and reaches a conclusion consistent with the conclusions in previous reports.
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Keywords:
- heart rate variability(HRV) /
- time irreversibility /
- multiple scale /
- surrogate data
[1] Weiss G 1975 J. Appl. Prob. 12 831
[2] Diks C, Houwelingen J C V, Takens F, DeGoede J 1995 Phys. Lett. A 201 221.
[3] Porta A, Casali K R, Casali A G, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Tobaldini E, Montano N, Lange S, Geue D, Cysarz D, Van Leeuwen P 2008 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 295 550
[4] Daw C S, Finney C E A, Kennel M B 2000 Phys. Rev. E 62 1912
[5] Guzik P, Piskorski J, Krauze1 T, Wykretowicz A, Wysocki H 2006 Biomed. Tech. 51 272
[6] Song A L, Huang X L, Si J F, Ning X B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 126 (in Chinese) [宋爱玲, 黄晓林, 司峻峰, 宁新宝 2011 60 126 ]
[7] Baillie R T, Cecen A A, Erkal C 2009 Chaos 19 028503
[8] Ning X B, Bian C H, Wang J 2006 Chinese Science Bulletin 51 385
[9] Kleiger R E, Stein P K, Bigger J T 2005 A. N. E. 10 88
[10] Piskorski J, Guzik P 2007 Physiol. Meas. 28 287
[11] Costa M, Goldberger A L, Peng C K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 198102
[12] Porta A, Guzzetti S, Montano N, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Furlan R, Malliani A 2006 Comput. Cardiol. 33 77
[13] Porta A, Daddio G, Bassani T, Maestri R, Pinna G D 2009 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 367 1359
[14] Porta A, D'Addio G, Corbi G, Maestri R, Pinna G D 2008 30th Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference Vancouver, August 20-24, 2116
[15] Cammarota C, Rogora E 2007 Chaos Soliton. Fract. 32 1649
[16] Hou F Z, Zhuang J J, Bian C H, Tong T J, Chen Y, Yin J, Qiu X J, Ning X B 2010 Phys. A 389 754
[17] Hou F Z, Ning X B, Zhuang J J, Huang X L, Fu M J, Bian C H 2011 Med. Eng. Phys. 33 633
[18] Lombardi F 1998 Time Structure and Heart (New York: Oxford University Press) p751
[19] Huang X L, Cui S Z, Ning X B, Bian C H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8160 (in Chinese) [黄晓林, 崔胜忠, 卞春华 2009 58 8160]
[20] Schreiber T, Schmitz A 2000 Phys. D 142 346
[21] Schreiber T, Schmitz A 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 635
[22] Huang X L 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University) (in Chinese) [黄晓林 2009 博士学位论文 (南京:南京大学)]
[23] Alvarez-Ramirez J, Rodriguez E, Echeverria J C 2009 Chaos 19 028502
[24] Casali K R, Casali A G, Montano N, Irigoyen M C, Macagnan F, Guzzetti S, Porta A 2008 Phys. Rev. E 77 066204
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[1] Weiss G 1975 J. Appl. Prob. 12 831
[2] Diks C, Houwelingen J C V, Takens F, DeGoede J 1995 Phys. Lett. A 201 221.
[3] Porta A, Casali K R, Casali A G, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Tobaldini E, Montano N, Lange S, Geue D, Cysarz D, Van Leeuwen P 2008 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 295 550
[4] Daw C S, Finney C E A, Kennel M B 2000 Phys. Rev. E 62 1912
[5] Guzik P, Piskorski J, Krauze1 T, Wykretowicz A, Wysocki H 2006 Biomed. Tech. 51 272
[6] Song A L, Huang X L, Si J F, Ning X B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 126 (in Chinese) [宋爱玲, 黄晓林, 司峻峰, 宁新宝 2011 60 126 ]
[7] Baillie R T, Cecen A A, Erkal C 2009 Chaos 19 028503
[8] Ning X B, Bian C H, Wang J 2006 Chinese Science Bulletin 51 385
[9] Kleiger R E, Stein P K, Bigger J T 2005 A. N. E. 10 88
[10] Piskorski J, Guzik P 2007 Physiol. Meas. 28 287
[11] Costa M, Goldberger A L, Peng C K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 198102
[12] Porta A, Guzzetti S, Montano N, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, Furlan R, Malliani A 2006 Comput. Cardiol. 33 77
[13] Porta A, Daddio G, Bassani T, Maestri R, Pinna G D 2009 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 367 1359
[14] Porta A, D'Addio G, Corbi G, Maestri R, Pinna G D 2008 30th Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference Vancouver, August 20-24, 2116
[15] Cammarota C, Rogora E 2007 Chaos Soliton. Fract. 32 1649
[16] Hou F Z, Zhuang J J, Bian C H, Tong T J, Chen Y, Yin J, Qiu X J, Ning X B 2010 Phys. A 389 754
[17] Hou F Z, Ning X B, Zhuang J J, Huang X L, Fu M J, Bian C H 2011 Med. Eng. Phys. 33 633
[18] Lombardi F 1998 Time Structure and Heart (New York: Oxford University Press) p751
[19] Huang X L, Cui S Z, Ning X B, Bian C H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8160 (in Chinese) [黄晓林, 崔胜忠, 卞春华 2009 58 8160]
[20] Schreiber T, Schmitz A 2000 Phys. D 142 346
[21] Schreiber T, Schmitz A 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 635
[22] Huang X L 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University) (in Chinese) [黄晓林 2009 博士学位论文 (南京:南京大学)]
[23] Alvarez-Ramirez J, Rodriguez E, Echeverria J C 2009 Chaos 19 028502
[24] Casali K R, Casali A G, Montano N, Irigoyen M C, Macagnan F, Guzzetti S, Porta A 2008 Phys. Rev. E 77 066204
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