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The shared memory and semaphores of inter-process communication in Linux system are used as the pipeline to couple the WRF, POM and WW3 models. The forcing from atmosphere to sea and wave, the changes in atmospheric underlying surface induced by ocean and the wave-induced mixing are all involved in the high-resolution fully coupled typhoon model. The typhoon ‘KAEMI’ is taken as a simulated example and the outcomes are compared with the available observation data to verify the good performance of the fully coupled model. The results show that after the spin-up, the coupled model could reproduce the typhoon, and the simulated surface lowest pressure, wind speed and track are all consistent with the observations. Meanwhile, the model can also have a good performance about the sea surface temperature cooling and the significant wave height. The simulated errors are related to the microphysical process parameterizations, the large initial fields, the construction of bogus typhoon and the physical process parameterization in upper ocean.
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Keywords:
- typhoon /
- the coupled model /
- numerical simulation /
- wave-induced mixing
[1] Huang S X, Cai Q F, Xiang J, Zhang M 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3202 (in Chinese) [黄思训, 蔡其发, 项杰, 张铭 2007 56 3202]
[2] Richard M H 1997 Mon. Wea. Rev. 125 1414
[3] Bender M A, Ginis I, Kurihara Y 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 245
[4] Ginis I, Shen W, Bender M A 1999 23th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology Dallas, Texas, Jan. 10-15 p607
[5] Surgi N, Gopalkrishnan S, Liu Q, Tuleya R, O'Connor W 2006 27th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorolog Monterey California, April 23-28 2006 p7A2
[6] Bao J W, Wilczak J M, Choi J K, Kantha L H 2000 Mon. Wea. Rev. 128 2190
[7] Moon I J, Hara T, Ginis I, Belcher S E, Tolman H 2004 J. Atmos. Sci. 61 2321
[8] Moon I J, Ginis I, Hara T 2004 J. Atmos. Sci. 61 2334
[9] Zhang Y, Perrie W, Li W 2006 Mon. Wea. Rev. 134 2418
[10] Fan Y L, Ginis I, Hara T 2009 Amer. Meteor. Soc. 39 1019
[11] Huang L W, Wu G X, Yu R C 2005 Acta Meteor. Sin. 63 455 (in Chinese) [黄立文, 吴国雄, 宇如聪 2005 气象学报 63 455]
[12] Liu C X, Qi Y Q, Liang J Y 2005 Chinese Meteorological Society 2005 Annual Meeting Suzhou, China, October 24-25, 2005 (in Chinese) [刘春霞, 齐义泉, 梁建茵 2005 中国气象学会2005年年会, 中国苏州, 2005年10月24—25日]
[13] Jiang X P, Liu C X, Qi Y Q 2009 Chinese J. Atmosph. Sci. 33 99 (in Chinese) [蒋小平, 刘春霞, 齐义泉 2009 大气科学 33 99]
[14] Guan H, Wang H J, Zhou L, Yang S 2011 Chinese J. Geophys. 54 1141 (in Chinese) [关皓, 王汉杰, 周林, 杨松 2011 地球 54 1141]
[15] Qiu X, Xiao Q N, Tan Z M, Michalakes J 2011 Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137 2149
[16] Skamarock W C, Klemp J B, Dudhia J 2005 A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2. NCAR Tech. Notes-468+STR.
[17] Mellor G L 2004 Users Guide for a three-Dimensional Primitive Equation Numerical Ocean Model, http: // WWW. aos. princeton. edu/wwwPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/ FTPbackup/usersguide0604. pdf (2011. 8.1)
[18] Tolman H L 2002 Validation of WAVEWATCH III version 1.15 for A Global Domain. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB Technical Note 213, pp33
[19] Zhang S W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3287 (in Chinese) [张书文 2008 57 3287]
[20] Cui H, Zhang S W, Wang Q Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6609 (in Chinese) [崔红, 张书文, 王庆业 2009 58 6609]
[21] Qiao F L, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Zheng Q, Xian C, Ma J 2004 Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 L11303 dio : 10. 1029 / 2004 GL019824
[22] Fan Y, Ginis I, Hara T 2009 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 39 1019
[23] Liu L, Fei J F, Zhang L B, Huang X G, Cheng X P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 059201 (in Chinese) [刘磊, 费建芳, 章立标, 黄小刚, 程小平 2012 61 059201]
[24] Stewart R W 1974 Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 6 433
[25] Smith S D, Anderson R J, Oost W A 1992 Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 60 109
[26] Zhu T, Zhang D L, Weng F 2004 Mon. Weat. Rev. 132 225
[27] Rogers R, Chen S, Tenerelli J, Willoughby H 2003 Mon. Wea. Rev. 131 1577
[28] Yang M J, Zhang D L, Huang H L 2008 J. Atmos. Sci. 65 3095 doi:10.1175/2008JAS2453.1
[29] Black P G 1983 Ph. D. Dissertation (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University) p278
[30] Zhou H, Guo P F, Xu J P, Liu Q Y 2007 J. Ocean University of China 37 181 (in Chinese) [周慧, 郭佩芳, 徐建平, 刘秦玉 2007 中国海洋大学学报 37 181]
[31] Bender M A, Ginis I, Kurihara Y 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 23245
[32] Cione J J, Uhlhorn E W 2003 Mon. Wea. Rev. 131 1783
[33] Tsai Y L, Chern C S, Wang J 2008 J. Oceanography 64 115
[34] Mo J Q, Lin Y H, Lin W T 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3971 (in Chinese) [莫嘉琪, 林一骅, 林万涛 2005 54 3971]
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[1] Huang S X, Cai Q F, Xiang J, Zhang M 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3202 (in Chinese) [黄思训, 蔡其发, 项杰, 张铭 2007 56 3202]
[2] Richard M H 1997 Mon. Wea. Rev. 125 1414
[3] Bender M A, Ginis I, Kurihara Y 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 245
[4] Ginis I, Shen W, Bender M A 1999 23th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology Dallas, Texas, Jan. 10-15 p607
[5] Surgi N, Gopalkrishnan S, Liu Q, Tuleya R, O'Connor W 2006 27th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorolog Monterey California, April 23-28 2006 p7A2
[6] Bao J W, Wilczak J M, Choi J K, Kantha L H 2000 Mon. Wea. Rev. 128 2190
[7] Moon I J, Hara T, Ginis I, Belcher S E, Tolman H 2004 J. Atmos. Sci. 61 2321
[8] Moon I J, Ginis I, Hara T 2004 J. Atmos. Sci. 61 2334
[9] Zhang Y, Perrie W, Li W 2006 Mon. Wea. Rev. 134 2418
[10] Fan Y L, Ginis I, Hara T 2009 Amer. Meteor. Soc. 39 1019
[11] Huang L W, Wu G X, Yu R C 2005 Acta Meteor. Sin. 63 455 (in Chinese) [黄立文, 吴国雄, 宇如聪 2005 气象学报 63 455]
[12] Liu C X, Qi Y Q, Liang J Y 2005 Chinese Meteorological Society 2005 Annual Meeting Suzhou, China, October 24-25, 2005 (in Chinese) [刘春霞, 齐义泉, 梁建茵 2005 中国气象学会2005年年会, 中国苏州, 2005年10月24—25日]
[13] Jiang X P, Liu C X, Qi Y Q 2009 Chinese J. Atmosph. Sci. 33 99 (in Chinese) [蒋小平, 刘春霞, 齐义泉 2009 大气科学 33 99]
[14] Guan H, Wang H J, Zhou L, Yang S 2011 Chinese J. Geophys. 54 1141 (in Chinese) [关皓, 王汉杰, 周林, 杨松 2011 地球 54 1141]
[15] Qiu X, Xiao Q N, Tan Z M, Michalakes J 2011 Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137 2149
[16] Skamarock W C, Klemp J B, Dudhia J 2005 A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2. NCAR Tech. Notes-468+STR.
[17] Mellor G L 2004 Users Guide for a three-Dimensional Primitive Equation Numerical Ocean Model, http: // WWW. aos. princeton. edu/wwwPUBLIC/htdocs.pom/ FTPbackup/usersguide0604. pdf (2011. 8.1)
[18] Tolman H L 2002 Validation of WAVEWATCH III version 1.15 for A Global Domain. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB Technical Note 213, pp33
[19] Zhang S W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3287 (in Chinese) [张书文 2008 57 3287]
[20] Cui H, Zhang S W, Wang Q Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6609 (in Chinese) [崔红, 张书文, 王庆业 2009 58 6609]
[21] Qiao F L, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Zheng Q, Xian C, Ma J 2004 Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 L11303 dio : 10. 1029 / 2004 GL019824
[22] Fan Y, Ginis I, Hara T 2009 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 39 1019
[23] Liu L, Fei J F, Zhang L B, Huang X G, Cheng X P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 059201 (in Chinese) [刘磊, 费建芳, 章立标, 黄小刚, 程小平 2012 61 059201]
[24] Stewart R W 1974 Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 6 433
[25] Smith S D, Anderson R J, Oost W A 1992 Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 60 109
[26] Zhu T, Zhang D L, Weng F 2004 Mon. Weat. Rev. 132 225
[27] Rogers R, Chen S, Tenerelli J, Willoughby H 2003 Mon. Wea. Rev. 131 1577
[28] Yang M J, Zhang D L, Huang H L 2008 J. Atmos. Sci. 65 3095 doi:10.1175/2008JAS2453.1
[29] Black P G 1983 Ph. D. Dissertation (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University) p278
[30] Zhou H, Guo P F, Xu J P, Liu Q Y 2007 J. Ocean University of China 37 181 (in Chinese) [周慧, 郭佩芳, 徐建平, 刘秦玉 2007 中国海洋大学学报 37 181]
[31] Bender M A, Ginis I, Kurihara Y 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 23245
[32] Cione J J, Uhlhorn E W 2003 Mon. Wea. Rev. 131 1783
[33] Tsai Y L, Chern C S, Wang J 2008 J. Oceanography 64 115
[34] Mo J Q, Lin Y H, Lin W T 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3971 (in Chinese) [莫嘉琪, 林一骅, 林万涛 2005 54 3971]
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