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浪致辐射应力及浪致混合效应, 作为海洋上层两种重要的物理过程, 由于当前理论中关于其分层效应及计算公式中的误差还不是非常清楚, 目前还没有在浪流耦合模式中同时考虑. 本文将一种基于浪致辐射应力及浪致混合效应的参数化方案加入由浪(WAVEWATCH Ⅲ)和流模式(POM)组成的耦合模式中. 以台风"格美"(2006)为天气背景, 进行了四组数值试验. 结果表明: 浪致混合效应加强了混合层的湍流, 加大了动量及热量向下传递率, 但对表面流场的规律性改变不明显. 浪致辐射应力传递表面动量通量, 同时, 规律性地改变了水平流场. 当同时考虑两种物理过程时, 其效果叠加. 海流作为一种重要的动力因子, 对有效波高的高度和分布有显著影响, 使得动量转移, 有效波高增高. 模拟时次的第48 h, 流矢量差值的近惯性震荡以及顺时针旋转, 可能是台风靠近时浪流耦合效应加强的信号.The two important upper ocean physical processes, i.e., radiation stress and wave-induced mixing effects, have not been simultaneously taken into consideration in the wave-current coupled parallel run models. Under the current formulations, neither the effect of stratification nor the error during computation is fully suggested. A new simplified parameterization scheme combining wave radiation stress with wave-induced mixing is introduced into a coupled model which consists of wave (WAVEWATCH Ⅲ) and current (POM) model, and typhoon KAEMI (2006) is taken as the example to carry out four sets of experiments. The numerical experiments show that the turbulence enhanced by the wave-induced mixing in mixing layer transfers momentum and heat into down water layers, but in general, does not regularly change surface currents. The wave radiation stress transfers momentum horizontally, and thus it changes horizontal currents regularly. When both physical processes are included in this coupled model, two effects are superposed in the simulation. As an important dynamic factor, the current affects the significant wave height and its distribution, which transfers horizontal momentum and makes significant wave height much higher in the present study. Furthermore, the current vector rotates clockwise at the time of the 48th hour due to the inertial oscillation probably being the signal of wave-current interaction amplified by the typhoon approaching.
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Keywords:
- wave radiation stress /
- wave-induced mixing /
- wave-current interaction /
- two-way coupled model
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[2] Longuet-Higgins M S, Stewart R W 1964 Deep Sea Research 11529
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[8] Jorda G, Bolanos R, Espino M, Sanchez-Arcilla A 2007 OceanSci. 3 345
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[10] Warner J C, Sherwood C R, Signell R P, Harris C K, Arango H G2008 Computers Geosciences 34 1284
[11] Moon I J 2005 Ocean Modelling 8 203
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[13] Fan Y L, Ginis I, Hara T 2009 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 39 1019
[14] Mastenbroek C, Burgers G, Janssen P A E M 1993 J. Phys.Oceanogr. 23 1856
[15] Xie L, Wu K, Pietrafesa L, Zhang C 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 10616841
[16] Zhang S W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3287 (in Chinese) [张书文 2008 57 3287]
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[21] Dong Y D M , Wu G X, Liang B C 2010 Coastal Engineering 291 (in Chinese) [东野大明, 武国相, 梁丙臣 2010海岸工程 29 1]
[22] Cui H, Zhang S W, Wang Q Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6609 (inChinese) [崔红, 张书文, 王庆业 2009 58 6609]
[23] Drennan W M, Kahma K K, Terray E A, Donelan M A, KitaigorodskiiS A 1992 Breaking Waves (Sydney: Springer) p95
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[29] Sun F, Qian C C, Wang W, Gao S 2003 Sci. China Ser D: EarthSci. 33 791(in Chinese) [孙孚, 钱成春,王伟, 高山 2003 中国科学(D辑) 33 791]
[30] Sun F,Wei Y L,Wu K J 2006 Acta Oceanol. Sin. 28 1 (in Chinese) [孙孚, 魏永亮, 吴克俭 2006 海洋学报 28 1]
[31] Mellor G L 2004 Users Guide for A Three-Dimensional PrimitiveEquation Numerical Ocean Model (Princeton: Princeton University)p56
[32] Tolman H L 2002 Validation of WAVEWATCH III version 1.15for A Global Domain. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB Technical Notepp213, 33
[33] Ma C, Yang J, Wu D, Lin X 2009 Ocean Dynamics 60 667
[34] Liu L, Fei J F, Lin X P, Song X Z, Huang X G, Cheng X P 2011Acta Meteor. Sin. 25 625
[35] Liu L, Fei J F, Lin X P, Zhang L B, Ling C Q, Huang X G, ChengX P 2011 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 35 444 (in Chinese) [刘磊, 费建芳, 林霄沛, 章立标, 令聪倩, 黄小刚, 程小平 2011大气科学 35 444]
[36] Levitus S 1982 National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationProfessional Paper p173
[37] Wu L G, Wang B, Braun S A 2005 Mon. Wea. Rev. 133 3299
[38] Shay L K, Black P G, Mariano A J, Hawkins J D, Elsberry R L1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97 20227
[39] Bender M A, Ginis I, Kurihara Y 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 23245
[40] Craig P D, Banner M L 1994 J. Phys. Oceanogy. 24 2546
[41] Zhang H, Chan E S 2003 J. Phys. Oceanogy. 59 331
[42] Fan Y, Ginis I, Hara T, Wright C W, Walsh E 2009 J. Phys.Oceanogr. 39 2097
[43] Tseng Y H, Jan S, Dietrich D E, Lin I I, Chang Y T, Tang T Y2010 Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 21 85
[44] Huang H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 740 (in Chinese) [黄虎 2010 59 740]
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[1] Mo J Q, Lin Y H, Lin W T 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3971 (inChinese) [莫嘉琪, 林一骅, 林万涛 2005 54 3971]
[2] Longuet-Higgins M S, Stewart R W 1964 Deep Sea Research 11529
[3] Lin X, Yi B S, Hou Y Y, Su J Z, Cheng M H 2002 Oceanol. Etlimnol.Sin. 33 66 15 (in Chinese) [林祥, 尹宝树, 侯一筠, 苏京志, 程明华 2002 海洋与湖沼 33 66 15]
[4] Sun Z C, Wang S P 2006 J. Dalian Univ. Technol. 46 730 (inChinese) [孙昭晨, 王世澎 2006 大连理工大学学报 46 730]
[5] Liu Y L, Wang X Q, Wang S J 2007 Trans. Oceanol. Limnol.(Suppl.) 1 (in Chinese) [刘永玲, 王秀芹, 王淑娟 2007 海洋与湖沼通报 增刊1 ]
[6] Zheng L S, Yu X P 2010 South-to-North Water Transfers and WaterScience & Technology 8 74 (in Chinese) [郑立松,余锡平 2010 南水北调与水利科技 8 74]
[7] Mellor G 2010 Ocean Dyn. DOI:10.1007/s10236-010-0359-2
[8] Jorda G, Bolanos R, Espino M, Sanchez-Arcilla A 2007 OceanSci. 3 345
[9] Mellor G L, Blumberg A 2004 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 34 693
[10] Warner J C, Sherwood C R, Signell R P, Harris C K, Arango H G2008 Computers Geosciences 34 1284
[11] Moon I J 2005 Ocean Modelling 8 203
[12] Warner J C, Sherwood C R, Signell R P, Harris C K, Arango H G2008 Computers Geosciences 34 1284.
[13] Fan Y L, Ginis I, Hara T 2009 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 39 1019
[14] Mastenbroek C, Burgers G, Janssen P A E M 1993 J. Phys.Oceanogr. 23 1856
[15] Xie L, Wu K, Pietrafesa L, Zhang C 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 10616841
[16] Zhang S W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3287 (in Chinese) [张书文 2008 57 3287]
[17] Jia Y, Yi B S, Yang D Z 2009 Marine Sciences 33 82 (in Chinese) [贾岩, 尹宝树, 杨德周 2009 海洋科学 33 82]
[18] Zheng J H, Yan Y X 2001 J. Hydro (Ser. A) 16 247 (in Chinese) [郑金海, 严以新 2001 水动力学研究与进展A辑 16 247]
[19] Mellor G L 2003 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 33 1978
[20] Panagiotis V B S 2009 (Ph. D. Dissertation) (Ohio: Ohio StateUniversity)
[21] Dong Y D M , Wu G X, Liang B C 2010 Coastal Engineering 291 (in Chinese) [东野大明, 武国相, 梁丙臣 2010海岸工程 29 1]
[22] Cui H, Zhang S W, Wang Q Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6609 (inChinese) [崔红, 张书文, 王庆业 2009 58 6609]
[23] Drennan W M, Kahma K K, Terray E A, Donelan M A, KitaigorodskiiS A 1992 Breaking Waves (Sydney: Springer) p95
[24] Qiao F L, Yuan Y, Yang Y, Zheng Q, Xian C, Ma J 2004 Geophys.Res. Lett. 31 11303
[25] Sun Q, Guan C L, Song J B 2006 Oceanol. Etlimnol. Sin. 37 69(in Chinese) [孙群, 管长龙, 宋金宝 2006 海洋与湖沼 37 69]
[26] Smith J A 2006 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 36 1403
[27] Sanchez-Arcilla A, Lemos C M 1990 Surf-Zone Hydrodynamics(ISBN: 84-404-6502-5), (Michigan: Centro Internacional deMetodos Numericos en Ingenieria) p310
[28] Huang S X, Cai Q F, Xiang J, Zhang M 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 563202 (in Chinese) [黄思训, 蔡其发, 项杰, 张铭 2007 56 3202]
[29] Sun F, Qian C C, Wang W, Gao S 2003 Sci. China Ser D: EarthSci. 33 791(in Chinese) [孙孚, 钱成春,王伟, 高山 2003 中国科学(D辑) 33 791]
[30] Sun F,Wei Y L,Wu K J 2006 Acta Oceanol. Sin. 28 1 (in Chinese) [孙孚, 魏永亮, 吴克俭 2006 海洋学报 28 1]
[31] Mellor G L 2004 Users Guide for A Three-Dimensional PrimitiveEquation Numerical Ocean Model (Princeton: Princeton University)p56
[32] Tolman H L 2002 Validation of WAVEWATCH III version 1.15for A Global Domain. NOAA/NWS/NCEP/OMB Technical Notepp213, 33
[33] Ma C, Yang J, Wu D, Lin X 2009 Ocean Dynamics 60 667
[34] Liu L, Fei J F, Lin X P, Song X Z, Huang X G, Cheng X P 2011Acta Meteor. Sin. 25 625
[35] Liu L, Fei J F, Lin X P, Zhang L B, Ling C Q, Huang X G, ChengX P 2011 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 35 444 (in Chinese) [刘磊, 费建芳, 林霄沛, 章立标, 令聪倩, 黄小刚, 程小平 2011大气科学 35 444]
[36] Levitus S 1982 National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationProfessional Paper p173
[37] Wu L G, Wang B, Braun S A 2005 Mon. Wea. Rev. 133 3299
[38] Shay L K, Black P G, Mariano A J, Hawkins J D, Elsberry R L1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97 20227
[39] Bender M A, Ginis I, Kurihara Y 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 23245
[40] Craig P D, Banner M L 1994 J. Phys. Oceanogy. 24 2546
[41] Zhang H, Chan E S 2003 J. Phys. Oceanogy. 59 331
[42] Fan Y, Ginis I, Hara T, Wright C W, Walsh E 2009 J. Phys.Oceanogr. 39 2097
[43] Tseng Y H, Jan S, Dietrich D E, Lin I I, Chang Y T, Tang T Y2010 Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 21 85
[44] Huang H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 740 (in Chinese) [黄虎 2010 59 740]
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