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Nanoporous film electrode is a crucial composition of dye-sensitized solar cells, which influences the photoelectric conversion performance. To improve the property of the photoelectrode, different modification methods by using different concentrations of TiO2 sol are investigated. The crystallite size and phase of the nanoporous TiO2 particles and the TiO2 sol after sintering are studied with X-ray diffraction. The microstructure morphologies of the conductive glass and the films are determined by the high resolution transmission electron microscopy and the field emission scanning electron microscopy. The influences on electron lifetime n and the electron transit time d are analyzed by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy and photovoltage spectroscopy from the mechanisms of electron transport and back reaction kinetics. It is found that the back reactions are well suppressed under dark conditions after sol modifications. n is effectively extended and d is also shorten correspondingly by any kind of sol treatment. The short-current density and the photoelectric conversion efficiency are increased by 10.9% and 11.9% separately, when 0.10 molL-1 sol modification is applied both to the conductive glass and to the nanoporous TiO2 film at the same time.
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Keywords:
- dye-sensitized solar cell /
- sol /
- electron lifetime /
- electron transit time
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[2] Bach U, Lupo D, Comte P, Moser J E, Weissörtel F, Salbeck J, Spreitzer H, Grätzel M 1998 Nature 395 583
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[17] Yang S M, Huang Y Y, Huang C H, Zhao X S 2002 Chem. Mater. 14 1500
[18] Xu W W, Dai S Y, Hu L H, Liang L Y, Wang K J 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2288
[19] Hu L H, Dai S Y, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1914 (in Chinese) [胡林华, 戴松元, 王孔嘉 2005 54 1914]
[20] Dai S Y, Kong F T, Hu L H, Shi C W, Fang X Q, Pan X, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1919 (in Chinese) [戴松元, 孔凡太, 胡林华, 史成武, 方霞琴, 潘旭, 王孔嘉 2005 54 1919]
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[22] Peter L M, Wijayantha K G U 2000 Electrochim. Acta 45 4543
[23] Kern R, Sastrawan R, Ferber J, Stangl R, Luther J 2002 Electrochim. Acta 47 4213
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[1] O'Regan B, Gräztel M 1991 Nature 353 737
[2] Bach U, Lupo D, Comte P, Moser J E, Weissörtel F, Salbeck J, Spreitzer H, Grätzel M 1998 Nature 395 583
[3] Grätzel M 2004 J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 164 3
[4] Gao F F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shi D, Wang M K, Humphry-Baker R, Wang P, Zakeeruddin S M, Gräztel M 2008 Chem. Commun. 23 2635
[5] Huang Y, Dai S Y, Cheng S H, Hu L H, Kong F T, Kou D X, Jiang N Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 643 (in Chinese) [黄阳, 戴松元, 陈双宏, 胡林华, 孔凡太, 寇东星, 姜年权 2010 59 643]
[6] Chen C Y, Wang M, Li J Y, Pootrakulchote N, Alibabaei L, Ngocle C H, Decoppet J D, Tsai J H, Grätzel C, Wu C G, Zakeeruddin S M, Gräztel M 2009 ACS Nano 3 3103
[7] Dai S Y, Wang K J, Weng J, Sui Y F, Huang Y, Xiao S F, Chen S H, Hu L H, Kong F T, Pan X, Shi C W, Guo L 2005 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 85 447
[8] Frank A J, Kopidakis N, Van de Lagemaat J 2004 J. Coord. Chem. Rev. 248 1165
[9] Ito S, Liska P, Comte P, Charvet R, Péchy P, Bach U, Schmidt-Mende L, Zakeeruddin S M, Kay A, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2005 Chem. Commun. 14 4351
[10] Van de Lagemaat J, Park N G, Frank A J 2000 J. Phys. Chem. B 104 2044
[11] Pichot F, Ferrere S, Fields C L, Gregg B A 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 1422
[12] Kay A, Gräztel M 2002 Chem. Mater. 14 2930
[13] Han L, Koide N, Chiba Y, Islam A, Mitate T 2006 C. R. Chimie 9 645
[14] Chen D P, Zang X D, Wei C C, Liu C C, Zhao Y 2011 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 27 425 (in Chinese) [陈东坡, 张晓丹, 魏长春, 刘彩池, 赵颖 2011 物理化学学报 27 425]
[15] Hao S C, Wu J H, Fan L Q, Huang Y F, Lin J M, Wei Y L 2004 Sol. Energy 76 745
[16] Xu W W, Dai S Y, Fang X Q, Hu L H, Kong F T, Pan X, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5943 (in Chinese) [徐炜炜, 戴松元, 方霞琴, 胡林华, 孔凡太, 潘旭, 王孔嘉 2005 54 5943]
[17] Yang S M, Huang Y Y, Huang C H, Zhao X S 2002 Chem. Mater. 14 1500
[18] Xu W W, Dai S Y, Hu L H, Liang L Y, Wang K J 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2288
[19] Hu L H, Dai S Y, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1914 (in Chinese) [胡林华, 戴松元, 王孔嘉 2005 54 1914]
[20] Dai S Y, Kong F T, Hu L H, Shi C W, Fang X Q, Pan X, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1919 (in Chinese) [戴松元, 孔凡太, 胡林华, 史成武, 方霞琴, 潘旭, 王孔嘉 2005 54 1919]
[21] Stathatos E, Lianos P, Zakeeruddin S M, Liska P, Gräztel M 2003 Chem. Mater. 15 1825
[22] Peter L M, Wijayantha K G U 2000 Electrochim. Acta 45 4543
[23] Kern R, Sastrawan R, Ferber J, Stangl R, Luther J 2002 Electrochim. Acta 47 4213
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