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The mechanisms of electron transport and back-reaction in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCSs) are investigated by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS). The DSCSs with and without TiCl4-treated nanoporous TiO2 films are measured by IMPS/IMVS. The results indicate that the electron lifetime (n), the diffusion coefficient (Dn), the diffusion length (Ln), the incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) and the photoinduced charge (Qoc) increase markedly, while the dark current and the electron transit time (d) decreases for the TiCl4-treated nanoporous TiO2 films. The influence of TiCl4-treatment of nanoporous TiO2 film on the electron generation, the transport and the recombination processes is investigated at a microscopic level.
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Keywords:
- TiCl4 treatment /
- electron transport /
- dye-sensitized /
- solar cell
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[2] Frank A J, Kopidakis N, van de Lagemaat J 2004 Coordin. Chem. Rev. 248 1165
[3] [4] [5] Bisquert J, Zaban A, Greenshtein M, Mora-Sero I 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 13550
[6] O' Regan B, Grtzel M 1991 Nature 353 737
[7] [8] Chen C Y, Wang M K, Li J Y, Pootrakulchote N, Alibabaei L, Ngoc-le C, Decoppet J D, Tsai J H, Gratzel C, Wu C G, Zakeeruddin S M, Gratzel M 2009 ACS Nano. 3 3103
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[11] [12] [13] Zhao X C, Yang P, Lin H, Li X, Xu C Y, Li J B 2010 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 38 25 (in Chinese) [赵晓冲、杨 盼、林 红、李 鑫、许晨阳、李建保 2010 硅酸盐学报 38 25]
[14] [15] Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cai N, Xiong S Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5806 (in Chinese) [张 苑、赵 颖、蔡 宁、熊绍珍 2008 57 5806]
[16] Fang X Q, Dai S Y, Wang K J, Shi C W 2006 Acta Energiae Sol. Sin. 27 973 (in Chinese)[方霞琴、戴松元、王孔嘉、史成武 2006 太阳能学报 27 973]
[17] [18] Feng X M, Huang X W, Huang H, Shen P, Zhao B, Tan S T 2010 Acta Chim. Sin. 68 1123 (in Chinese) [冯小明、黄先威、黄 辉、沈 平、赵 斌、谭松庭 2010 化学学报 68 1123]
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[22] Sommeling P M, O'Regan B C, Haswell R R, Smit H J P, Bakker N J, Smits J J T, Kroon J M, van Roosmalen J A M 2006 J. Phys. Chem. B 110 19191
[23] [24] [25] Barnes P R F, Anderson A Y, Koops S E, Durrant J R, ORegan B C 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 1126
[26] Doohun Kim, Poulomi Roy, Kiyoung L, Schmuki P 2010 Elect. Commun. 12 574
[27] [28] [29] Liang L Y, Dai S Y, Fang X Q, Hu L H 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1956 (in Chinese) [梁林云、戴松元、方霞琴、胡林华 2008 57 1956]
[30] [31] Dloczik L, Ileperuma O, Lauermann I, Peter L M, Ponomarev E A, Redmond G, Shaw N J, Uhlendorf I 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 10281
[32] [33] Liu W Q, Kou D X, Hu L H, Huang Y, Jiang N Q, Dai S Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5141 (in Chinese) [刘伟庆、寇东星、胡林华、黄 阳、姜年权、戴松元 2010 59 5141]
[34] Nazeeruddin M K, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humpbry-Baker R, Miiller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Gratzel M 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 6382
[35] [36] [37] Hu L H, Dai S Y, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1914 (in Chinese) [胡林华、戴松元、王孔嘉 2005 54 1914]
[38] [39] Zeng L Y, Dai S Y, Wang K J, Kong F T, Hu L H 2005 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 26 589 (in Chinese)[曾隆月、戴松元、王孔嘉、孔凡太、胡林华 2005 太阳能学报 26 589]
[40] Park N G, Schlichthorl G, van de Lagemaat J, Cheong H M, Mascarenhas A, Frank A J 1999 J. Phys. Chem. B 103 3308
[41] [42] Fredin K, Nissfolk J, Hagfeldt A 2005 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 86 283
[43] [44] [45] Peter L M, Wijayantha K G U 2000 Electrochimica Acta 45 4543
[46] Schlichthrl G, Huang S Y, Sprague J, Frank A J 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 8141
[47] [48] [49] Kusama H, Kurashige M, Sayama K, Yanagida M, Sugihara H 2007 J. Photoch. Photobio. A 189 100
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[1] Hagfeldt A, Grtzel M 1995 Chem. Rev. 95 49
[2] Frank A J, Kopidakis N, van de Lagemaat J 2004 Coordin. Chem. Rev. 248 1165
[3] [4] [5] Bisquert J, Zaban A, Greenshtein M, Mora-Sero I 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 13550
[6] O' Regan B, Grtzel M 1991 Nature 353 737
[7] [8] Chen C Y, Wang M K, Li J Y, Pootrakulchote N, Alibabaei L, Ngoc-le C, Decoppet J D, Tsai J H, Gratzel C, Wu C G, Zakeeruddin S M, Gratzel M 2009 ACS Nano. 3 3103
[9] [10] Dai S Y, Wang K J 2003 Chin. Phys. Lett. 20 953
[11] [12] [13] Zhao X C, Yang P, Lin H, Li X, Xu C Y, Li J B 2010 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 38 25 (in Chinese) [赵晓冲、杨 盼、林 红、李 鑫、许晨阳、李建保 2010 硅酸盐学报 38 25]
[14] [15] Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cai N, Xiong S Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5806 (in Chinese) [张 苑、赵 颖、蔡 宁、熊绍珍 2008 57 5806]
[16] Fang X Q, Dai S Y, Wang K J, Shi C W 2006 Acta Energiae Sol. Sin. 27 973 (in Chinese)[方霞琴、戴松元、王孔嘉、史成武 2006 太阳能学报 27 973]
[17] [18] Feng X M, Huang X W, Huang H, Shen P, Zhao B, Tan S T 2010 Acta Chim. Sin. 68 1123 (in Chinese) [冯小明、黄先威、黄 辉、沈 平、赵 斌、谭松庭 2010 化学学报 68 1123]
[19] [20] [21] Ito S, Liska P, Comte P, Charvet R, Pechy P, Bach U, Schmidt-Mende L, Zakeeruddin S M, Kay A, Nazeeruddin M K, Gratzel M 2005 Chem. Commun. 34 4351
[22] Sommeling P M, O'Regan B C, Haswell R R, Smit H J P, Bakker N J, Smits J J T, Kroon J M, van Roosmalen J A M 2006 J. Phys. Chem. B 110 19191
[23] [24] [25] Barnes P R F, Anderson A Y, Koops S E, Durrant J R, ORegan B C 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 1126
[26] Doohun Kim, Poulomi Roy, Kiyoung L, Schmuki P 2010 Elect. Commun. 12 574
[27] [28] [29] Liang L Y, Dai S Y, Fang X Q, Hu L H 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1956 (in Chinese) [梁林云、戴松元、方霞琴、胡林华 2008 57 1956]
[30] [31] Dloczik L, Ileperuma O, Lauermann I, Peter L M, Ponomarev E A, Redmond G, Shaw N J, Uhlendorf I 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 10281
[32] [33] Liu W Q, Kou D X, Hu L H, Huang Y, Jiang N Q, Dai S Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5141 (in Chinese) [刘伟庆、寇东星、胡林华、黄 阳、姜年权、戴松元 2010 59 5141]
[34] Nazeeruddin M K, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humpbry-Baker R, Miiller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Gratzel M 1993 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 6382
[35] [36] [37] Hu L H, Dai S Y, Wang K J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1914 (in Chinese) [胡林华、戴松元、王孔嘉 2005 54 1914]
[38] [39] Zeng L Y, Dai S Y, Wang K J, Kong F T, Hu L H 2005 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 26 589 (in Chinese)[曾隆月、戴松元、王孔嘉、孔凡太、胡林华 2005 太阳能学报 26 589]
[40] Park N G, Schlichthorl G, van de Lagemaat J, Cheong H M, Mascarenhas A, Frank A J 1999 J. Phys. Chem. B 103 3308
[41] [42] Fredin K, Nissfolk J, Hagfeldt A 2005 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 86 283
[43] [44] [45] Peter L M, Wijayantha K G U 2000 Electrochimica Acta 45 4543
[46] Schlichthrl G, Huang S Y, Sprague J, Frank A J 1997 J. Phys. Chem. B 101 8141
[47] [48] [49] Kusama H, Kurashige M, Sayama K, Yanagida M, Sugihara H 2007 J. Photoch. Photobio. A 189 100
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