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Driver's drowsiness is one of the major causes of road accidents. The monitoring of a given driver's eye state by the use of a camera is considered to be a promising way to detect driver's drowsiness due to its accuracy and non-intrusiveness. However, eye location remains a challenging vision problem because of the constantly changing of illumination and driver's pose. Active shape model (ASM) is introduced in this paper to align the face. Though the ASM is a powerful statistical tool, it can suffer from changes in illumination and posture. Three contributions are involved in this paper. First, in order to maximize the tolerance of the ASM algorithm to illumination changes, we propose a robust ASM method with a novel local texture model learned from the self-quotient image instead of the original image. Second, a double layer overall shape model is proposed to enhance the adaptability of ASM. Third, strong constraints are achieved by an on-line learning of the distribution characteristics of the model parameters. The results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to the variation of illumination and driver's pose.
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Keywords:
- driving safety /
- drowsiness detection /
- machine vision /
- eye location
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[3] Peng L J, Kang R 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 830 (in Chinese)[彭莉娟, 康瑞 2009 58 830]
[4] Zheng L, Ma S F, Jia N 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4490 (in Chinese)[郑亮, 马寿峰, 贾宁 2010 59 4490]
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[8] Ji Q, Zhu Z W, Lan P L 2004 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 53 1052
[9] Fase I, Fortenberry B, Movellan J 2005 Comput. Vis. Image Und. 98 182
[10] Park C W, Park K, Moon Y S 2010 Electron. Lett. 46 130
[11] Cheng B, Zhang G Y, Feng R J, Li J W, Zhang X B 2008 Automo. Eng. 30 1001 (in Chinese)[成波, 张广渊, 冯睿嘉, 李家文, 张希波 2008 汽车工程 30 1001]
[12] Choi S, Choi C H, Kwak N 2011 Pattern Recogn. Lett. 32 561
[13] Xu Y N, Zhao Y, Liu L P, Zhang Y, Sun X D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 980 (in Chinese)[许元男, 赵远, 刘丽萍, 张宇, 孙秀冬 2010 59 980]
[14] Wu Y Q, Zhang J K 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5487 (in Chinese)[吴一全, 张金矿 2010 59 5487]
[15] Lee M W, Ranganath S 2003 Pattern Recogn. 36 1835
[16] Zhang Y J 2009 Subspace-based Face Recognition (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp62–65 (in Chinese)[章毓晋 2009 基于子空间的人脸识别 (北京: 清华大学出版社)第62—65页]
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[1] Smith P, Shah M, Lobo N V 2003 IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 4 205
[2] Mou Y B, Zhong C W 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5597 (in Chinese)[牟勇飚, 钟诚文 2005 54 5597]
[3] Peng L J, Kang R 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 830 (in Chinese)[彭莉娟, 康瑞 2009 58 830]
[4] Zheng L, Ma S F, Jia N 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4490 (in Chinese)[郑亮, 马寿峰, 贾宁 2010 59 4490]
[5] Bergasa L M, Nuevo J, Sotelo M A, Barea R, Lopez M E 2006 IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 7 63
[6] Culp J, Gindy M E, Haque A 2008 Int. J. Heavy Veh. Syst. 15 255
[7] Grace R, Byrne V E, Bierman D M, Legrand J M, Gricourt D, Davis B K, Staszewski J J, Carnahan B 1998 Proceedings of the Digital Avionics Systems Conference Belleview, USA, October 31–November 5, 1998 pI36/1–I36/8
[8] Ji Q, Zhu Z W, Lan P L 2004 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 53 1052
[9] Fase I, Fortenberry B, Movellan J 2005 Comput. Vis. Image Und. 98 182
[10] Park C W, Park K, Moon Y S 2010 Electron. Lett. 46 130
[11] Cheng B, Zhang G Y, Feng R J, Li J W, Zhang X B 2008 Automo. Eng. 30 1001 (in Chinese)[成波, 张广渊, 冯睿嘉, 李家文, 张希波 2008 汽车工程 30 1001]
[12] Choi S, Choi C H, Kwak N 2011 Pattern Recogn. Lett. 32 561
[13] Xu Y N, Zhao Y, Liu L P, Zhang Y, Sun X D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 980 (in Chinese)[许元男, 赵远, 刘丽萍, 张宇, 孙秀冬 2010 59 980]
[14] Wu Y Q, Zhang J K 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5487 (in Chinese)[吴一全, 张金矿 2010 59 5487]
[15] Lee M W, Ranganath S 2003 Pattern Recogn. 36 1835
[16] Zhang Y J 2009 Subspace-based Face Recognition (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp62–65 (in Chinese)[章毓晋 2009 基于子空间的人脸识别 (北京: 清华大学出版社)第62—65页]
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