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本文主要利用TiO2亚微米球较强的光散射特性设计了纳米TiO2颗粒/亚微米球多层结构光阳极, 并借助强度调制光电流谱(intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy)、电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy)和入射单色光光电转化效率(incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency), 研究亚微米球的引入对多层结构薄膜内缺陷态、电子传输时间、电子收集效率和界面电荷转移性能的影响. 强度调制光电流谱反映出亚微米球表面缺陷态少, 但其颗粒间接触不紧密, 导致在接触部位形成了势垒, 阻碍了电子的传输, 导致电子传输时间增长. 电化学阻抗谱结果表明不同多层结构电池界面复合无明显差别, 同时底层采用纳米TiO2 透明薄膜结构的电池, 其光利用率要明显高于底层采用亚微米球薄膜结构的电池, TiO2费米能级电子填充水平也相对增大, 使得电池的光电转换效率得到提升. 多层结构复合薄膜电荷传输和光伏特性的研究, 为高效染料敏化太阳电池光阳极设计提供了实验基础.In this work, we design the nano-sized TiO2 particles/submicron spheres multilayer structured photoanode, based on the fact of stronger light scattering properties of TiO2 submicron spheres. Effect of TiO2 submicron-spheres on the charge transport and interfacial properties in multilayer thin-film electrodes are investigated in detail using intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE). Results obtained from IMPS for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) indicate that submicron-spheres have fewer defects, but the poor contact at the interfaces between submicron spheres hinders the electron transport and makes the transit time longer. EIS results show that there are no obvious differences in interface recombination between the designed electrodes. It is interesting to find that the bottom section of the photoanode composed of nano-sized TiO2 thin film has a higher light utilization efficiency than that composed of submicron-spheres; meanwhile, the Fermi level of TiO2 and the photovoltaic properties of DSCs have been extended. Our results may provide an experiment basis for structure design of high-efficiency DSC photoanode.
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Keywords:
- submicron spheres /
- light scattering /
- dye sensitized /
- solar cells
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[16] Wang M, Chen P, Humphry-Baker R, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M 2009 ChemPhysChem 10 290
[17] Wang Q, Zhang Z, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 7084
[18] Li Y, Liu J, Jia Z 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 1753
[19] Sheng J, Hu L H, Li W X, Mo L E, Tian H J, Dai S Y 2011 Sol. Energy 85 2697
[20] Lawandy N W, Balachandran R M, Gomes A S L, Sauvain E 1994 Nature 368 436
[21] Ferber J, Luther J 1998 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 54 265
[22] Bisquert J, Vikhrenko V S 2004 J. Phys. Chem. B 108 2313
[23] Lagemaat J, Frank A J 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 11194
[24] Nelson J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 15374
[25] Peter L M, Wijayantha K G U 2000 Electrochimi. Acta 45 4543
[26] Nazeeruddin M K, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humpbry-Baker R, Mller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Grätzel M 1993 J.Am.Chem.Soc. 115 6382
[27] Liu W Q, Kou D X, Cai M L, Hu L H, Dai S Y 2012 Prog. Chem. 24 722 (in Chinese) [刘伟庆, 寇东星, 蔡墨朗, 胡林华, 戴松元 2012 化学进展 24 722]
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[1] Mathew S, Yella A, Gao P, Humphry-Baker R, Curchod B F E, Ashari-Astani N, Tavernelli I, Rothlisberger U, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2014 Nat. Chem. 6 242
[2] Kou D X, Liu W Q, Hu L H, Huang Y, Dai S Y, Jiang N Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5857 (in Chinese) [寇东星, 刘伟庆, 胡林华, 黄阳, 戴松元, 姜年权 2010 59 5857]
[3] Li J, Kong F T, Zhang C N, Liu W Q, Dai S Y 2010 Acta Chim. Sin. 68 1357
[4] Huang X W, Deng J Y, Xu L, Shen P, Zhao B, Tan S T 2012 Acta Chim. Sin. 70 1604
[5] Dai S Y, Wang K J 2003 Chin.Phys.Lett. 20 953
[6] Hu L H, Dai S Y, Wang K J 2005 Chin.Phys.Lett. 22 493
[7] Xu S Y, Hu L H, Li W X, Dai S Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 116802 (in Chinese) [许双英, 胡林华, 李文欣, 戴松元 2011 60 116802]
[8] Liu W Q, Kou D X, Hu L H, Dai S Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 168201 (in Chinese) [刘伟庆, 寇东星, 胡林华, 戴松元 2012 61 168201]
[9] Xiong B T, Zhou B X, Bai J, Zheng Q, Liu Y B, Cai W M, Cai J 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3713
[10] Lin Y, Xiao X R, Zhang D S, Xie P H, Zhang B W 2002 Chin. Sci. Bull. 47 1145 (in Chinese) [林原, 肖绪瑞, 张东社, 谢普会, 张宝文 2002 科学通报 47 1145]
[11] Wang Z S, Kawauchi H, Kashima T, Arakawa H 2004 Coordin. Chem. Rev. 248 1381
[12] Wang P, Dai Q, Zakeeruddin S M, Forsyth M, MacFarlane D R, Grätzel M 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 13590
[13] Barbé C J, Arendse F, Comte P, Jirousek M, Lenzmann F, Shklover V, Grätzel M 1997 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80 3157
[14] Huang F, Chen D, Zhang X L, Caruso R A, Cheng Y B 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 1301
[15] Yang L, Lin Y, Jia J G, Xiao X R, Li X P, Zhou X W 2008 J. Power Sources 182 370
[16] Wang M, Chen P, Humphry-Baker R, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M 2009 ChemPhysChem 10 290
[17] Wang Q, Zhang Z, Zakeeruddin S M, Grätzel M 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 7084
[18] Li Y, Liu J, Jia Z 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 1753
[19] Sheng J, Hu L H, Li W X, Mo L E, Tian H J, Dai S Y 2011 Sol. Energy 85 2697
[20] Lawandy N W, Balachandran R M, Gomes A S L, Sauvain E 1994 Nature 368 436
[21] Ferber J, Luther J 1998 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 54 265
[22] Bisquert J, Vikhrenko V S 2004 J. Phys. Chem. B 108 2313
[23] Lagemaat J, Frank A J 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 11194
[24] Nelson J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 15374
[25] Peter L M, Wijayantha K G U 2000 Electrochimi. Acta 45 4543
[26] Nazeeruddin M K, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humpbry-Baker R, Mller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Grätzel M 1993 J.Am.Chem.Soc. 115 6382
[27] Liu W Q, Kou D X, Cai M L, Hu L H, Dai S Y 2012 Prog. Chem. 24 722 (in Chinese) [刘伟庆, 寇东星, 蔡墨朗, 胡林华, 戴松元 2012 化学进展 24 722]
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