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The sliding spectral (SS) method of processing radio occultation data in multipath zone is introduced in detail and compared with back propagation (BP) method through processing simulated data and COSMIC soundings. The modeled signals are inverted with the use of two methods: BP method and SS method. Both methods can solve the problem of calculating bending angle profiles in multipath regions. Better agreement with Abel integral is indicated by the BP method. The BP method is almost free from noise, while the SS method will be affected severely by noise. About 4500 COSMIC radio occultation soundings are retrieved by the BP method and the SS method, and the statistical comparison of retrieved refractivity with that from ECMWF analyses shows that the SS method has better penetration ability than the BP method in the lower moist troposphere. The mean of fractional difference in refractivity retrieved by the BP method is generally smaller than that by the SS method.
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Keywords:
- GPS/LEO radio occultation /
- multiple-phase-screen model /
- back propagation method /
- sliding spectral method
[1] Rocken C, Anthes R, Exner M, Hunt D, Sokolovskiy S, Ware R, Gorbunov M, Schreiner W, Feng D, Herman B, Kuo Y H, Zou X 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 29849
[2] Gorbunov M E 2002 Radio Sci. 37 1
[3] Hajj G A, Kursinski E R, Romans L J, Bertiger W I, Leroy S S 2002 J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 64 451
[4] Guo P, Yan H J, Hong Z J, Liu M, Huang C 2005 Acta Astron. Sin. 46 96 (in Chinese)[郭 鹏、严豪健、洪振杰、刘 敏、黄 珹 2005 天文学报 46 96]
[5] Kuo Y H, Wee T K, Sokolovskiy S, Rocken C, Schreiner W, Hunt D, Anthes R A 2004 J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 82 507
[6] Sokolovskiy S V 2001 Radio Sci. 36 441
[7] Hocke K, Pavelyev A G, Yakovlev O I, Barthes L, Jakwski N 1999 J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 61 1169
[8] Beyerle G, Hocke K, Wickert J, Schmidt T, Marquardt C, Reigber C 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 4802
[9] Gorbunov M E, Gurvich A S, Kornblueh L 2000 Radio Sci. 35 1025
[10] Fritzer J, Kirchengast G, Pock M 2009 End-to-end generic occultation performance simulation and processing system version 5.5 (EGOPSv5.5) Software User Manual No. 01/2009 Wegener Centre & IGAM University of Graz Austria
[11] Schreiner W, Rocken C, Sokolovskiy S, Syndergaard S, Hunt D 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L04808
[12] Anthes R A, Bernhardt P A, Chen Y, Cucurull L, Dymond K F, Ector D, Healy S B, Ho S P, Hunt D C, Kuo Y H, Liu H, Manning K, Mccormick C, Meehan T K, Randel W J, Rocken C, Schreiner W S, Sokolovskiy S V, Syndergaard S, Thompson D C, Trenberth K E, Wee T K, Yen N L, Zeng Z 2008 Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 89 313
[13] Xu X S, Hong Z J, Guo P, Liu R J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2157 (in Chinese) [徐贤胜、洪振杰、郭 鹏、刘荣建 2010 59 2157]
[14] Sokolovskiy S, Kuo Y H, Rocken C, Schreiner W S, Hunt D, Anthes R A 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L12813
[15] Sokolovskiy S, Rocken C, Schreiner W, Hunt D, Johnson J 2009 Radio Sci. 44 RS2002
[16] Kursinski E R, Hajj G A, Leroy S S, Herman B 2000 Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 11 53
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[1] Rocken C, Anthes R, Exner M, Hunt D, Sokolovskiy S, Ware R, Gorbunov M, Schreiner W, Feng D, Herman B, Kuo Y H, Zou X 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 29849
[2] Gorbunov M E 2002 Radio Sci. 37 1
[3] Hajj G A, Kursinski E R, Romans L J, Bertiger W I, Leroy S S 2002 J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 64 451
[4] Guo P, Yan H J, Hong Z J, Liu M, Huang C 2005 Acta Astron. Sin. 46 96 (in Chinese)[郭 鹏、严豪健、洪振杰、刘 敏、黄 珹 2005 天文学报 46 96]
[5] Kuo Y H, Wee T K, Sokolovskiy S, Rocken C, Schreiner W, Hunt D, Anthes R A 2004 J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 82 507
[6] Sokolovskiy S V 2001 Radio Sci. 36 441
[7] Hocke K, Pavelyev A G, Yakovlev O I, Barthes L, Jakwski N 1999 J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 61 1169
[8] Beyerle G, Hocke K, Wickert J, Schmidt T, Marquardt C, Reigber C 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 4802
[9] Gorbunov M E, Gurvich A S, Kornblueh L 2000 Radio Sci. 35 1025
[10] Fritzer J, Kirchengast G, Pock M 2009 End-to-end generic occultation performance simulation and processing system version 5.5 (EGOPSv5.5) Software User Manual No. 01/2009 Wegener Centre & IGAM University of Graz Austria
[11] Schreiner W, Rocken C, Sokolovskiy S, Syndergaard S, Hunt D 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L04808
[12] Anthes R A, Bernhardt P A, Chen Y, Cucurull L, Dymond K F, Ector D, Healy S B, Ho S P, Hunt D C, Kuo Y H, Liu H, Manning K, Mccormick C, Meehan T K, Randel W J, Rocken C, Schreiner W S, Sokolovskiy S V, Syndergaard S, Thompson D C, Trenberth K E, Wee T K, Yen N L, Zeng Z 2008 Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 89 313
[13] Xu X S, Hong Z J, Guo P, Liu R J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2157 (in Chinese) [徐贤胜、洪振杰、郭 鹏、刘荣建 2010 59 2157]
[14] Sokolovskiy S, Kuo Y H, Rocken C, Schreiner W S, Hunt D, Anthes R A 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L12813
[15] Sokolovskiy S, Rocken C, Schreiner W, Hunt D, Johnson J 2009 Radio Sci. 44 RS2002
[16] Kursinski E R, Hajj G A, Leroy S S, Herman B 2000 Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 11 53
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