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Granular matter is a large assemblage of dense packed particles. A granular skeleton frame is linked by grain-to-grain contacts. An external loading is usually transmitted through selective pathways from the skeleton frame, and heterogeneous force chain architecture is formed. The formation and evolution of shear band have importarit bearing to the stability of a granular assembly. In this work, the mechanical properties of granular matter under biaxial test are studied by using DEM simulations. Evolutions of stress, volumetric strain, coordination number, distribution of particle rotation and solid fractions are analyzed. The results show that within shear zone the solid fraction is smaller and the coordination number fluctuates violently, which indicates that they are unjammed, while beyond the shear band the particles are jammed. Therefore, we could say that the shear band actually corresponds to the complicated jamming transition. Three types of force chain configurations are observed under different axial strains: circle-shaped, column-shaped, both column and vortex-shaped. Such structures would be dominant to the mechanical properties of macro-mechanical properties and granular system, and pending further studies.
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Keywords:
- granular matter /
- force chain /
- biaxial compression /
- shear band
[1] Li G X 2004 Advanced Soil Mechanics (1st ed) (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) (in Chinese) [李广信 2004 高等土力学(第一版)(北京: 清华大学出版社)]
[2] Sun Q C, Jin F 2009 Wuli (Physics) 39 219 (in Chinese) [孙其诚、金 峰 2009 物理 39 219]
[3] Roscoe K H 1970 Geotechnique 20 129
[4] Chen B, Peng X H, Fan J H, Sun S T, Luo J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 S29 (in Chinese) [陈 斌、彭向和、范镜泓、孙士涛、罗 吉2009 58 S29]
[5] Matsuoka H 1974 Soils Found 14 29
[6] Yan Z J, Lin J F, Zhou Y H, Wu Y Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 999 (in Chinese) [闫志杰、李金富、周尧和、仵彦卿 2007 56 999]
[7] Vardoulakis I 1980 Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 4 103
[8] Mokni M, Desrues J 1998 Mechanics of Cohesive-Frictional Materials and Structures 4 419
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[10] Scarpelli G, Vermeer P A, Luger H J, Wood D M 1982 Proceedings of the IUTAM Conference on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials 473
[11] Han C, Vardoulakis I G 1991 Geotechnique 41 49
[12] Harris W W, Viggiani G, Mooney M A, Finno R J 1995 Geotech. Test. J. 18 405
[13] Cundall P A, Strack O D L 1979 Geotechnique 29 47
[14] Tordesillas A 2007 Philos. Mag. 87 4987
[15] Zhang J, Majmudar T S, Tordesillas A, Behringer R P 2010 Granular Matter 12 159
[16] Markauskas D, Ka Dč ianauskas R 2006 J. Civil Eng. Management 12 153
[17] Luding S, Latzel M, Volk W, Diebels S, Herrmann H J 2001 Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 191 21
[18] Richard G Wan, Guo P J 2004 J. Eng. Mech. 130 635
[19] Oda M, Iwashita K 2000 Int. J. Eng. Sci. 38 1713
[20] Zhou J, Chi Y 2004 Acta Mech. Solid Sin. 25 377
[21] Jiang M J, Peng L C,Zhu H H,Lin Y X, Huang L J China Ocean Eng. 27 329
[22] Bardet J P, Proubet J 1992 Solid State Phenomena 23 473
[23] Vardoulakis I, Aifantis E C 1991 Acta Mech. 87 197
[24] Chambon G, Schmittbuhl J 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 011304
[25] O’Hern C S,Silbert L E, Liu A J,Nagel S R 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 011306
[26] Sun Q C, Wang G Q, Hu K H 2009 Prog. Nat. Sci. 19 523
[27] Sun Q C, Jin F, Wang G Q, Zhang G H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 31 [孙其诚、金 峰、王光谦、张国华2010 59 31]
[28] Wang W J, Kong X Z, Zhu Z G 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 041302
[29] Andrade J S, Hermann H J, Andrade R F S, da Silva L R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 079901
[30] Arévalo E, Mertens F G 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 046607
[31] Tordesillas A, Walker D M, Lin Q 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 011302
[32] Ling X, Hu M B, Jiang R, Wu Q S 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 016113
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[1] Li G X 2004 Advanced Soil Mechanics (1st ed) (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) (in Chinese) [李广信 2004 高等土力学(第一版)(北京: 清华大学出版社)]
[2] Sun Q C, Jin F 2009 Wuli (Physics) 39 219 (in Chinese) [孙其诚、金 峰 2009 物理 39 219]
[3] Roscoe K H 1970 Geotechnique 20 129
[4] Chen B, Peng X H, Fan J H, Sun S T, Luo J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 S29 (in Chinese) [陈 斌、彭向和、范镜泓、孙士涛、罗 吉2009 58 S29]
[5] Matsuoka H 1974 Soils Found 14 29
[6] Yan Z J, Lin J F, Zhou Y H, Wu Y Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 999 (in Chinese) [闫志杰、李金富、周尧和、仵彦卿 2007 56 999]
[7] Vardoulakis I 1980 Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 4 103
[8] Mokni M, Desrues J 1998 Mechanics of Cohesive-Frictional Materials and Structures 4 419
[9] Desrues J, Viggiani G 2004 Int. J. Num. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 28 279
[10] Scarpelli G, Vermeer P A, Luger H J, Wood D M 1982 Proceedings of the IUTAM Conference on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials 473
[11] Han C, Vardoulakis I G 1991 Geotechnique 41 49
[12] Harris W W, Viggiani G, Mooney M A, Finno R J 1995 Geotech. Test. J. 18 405
[13] Cundall P A, Strack O D L 1979 Geotechnique 29 47
[14] Tordesillas A 2007 Philos. Mag. 87 4987
[15] Zhang J, Majmudar T S, Tordesillas A, Behringer R P 2010 Granular Matter 12 159
[16] Markauskas D, Ka Dč ianauskas R 2006 J. Civil Eng. Management 12 153
[17] Luding S, Latzel M, Volk W, Diebels S, Herrmann H J 2001 Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 191 21
[18] Richard G Wan, Guo P J 2004 J. Eng. Mech. 130 635
[19] Oda M, Iwashita K 2000 Int. J. Eng. Sci. 38 1713
[20] Zhou J, Chi Y 2004 Acta Mech. Solid Sin. 25 377
[21] Jiang M J, Peng L C,Zhu H H,Lin Y X, Huang L J China Ocean Eng. 27 329
[22] Bardet J P, Proubet J 1992 Solid State Phenomena 23 473
[23] Vardoulakis I, Aifantis E C 1991 Acta Mech. 87 197
[24] Chambon G, Schmittbuhl J 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 011304
[25] O’Hern C S,Silbert L E, Liu A J,Nagel S R 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 011306
[26] Sun Q C, Wang G Q, Hu K H 2009 Prog. Nat. Sci. 19 523
[27] Sun Q C, Jin F, Wang G Q, Zhang G H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 31 [孙其诚、金 峰、王光谦、张国华2010 59 31]
[28] Wang W J, Kong X Z, Zhu Z G 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 041302
[29] Andrade J S, Hermann H J, Andrade R F S, da Silva L R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 079901
[30] Arévalo E, Mertens F G 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 046607
[31] Tordesillas A, Walker D M, Lin Q 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 011302
[32] Ling X, Hu M B, Jiang R, Wu Q S 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 016113
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