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地壳岩石层由板块、断层和其间的断层泥构成,在研究地震前兆信息传播这类准静力学问题时,应将其作为大尺度离散态颗粒物质体系处理.地震孕育过程中,在大地构造力驱动下,岩石层块克服所受摩擦力和边界断层泥阻力发生滞滑移动.当岩块间断层泥受挤压后其强度增大到一定程度时,又推动下一岩石层块滞滑移动,就这样渐次使其他岩石层块发生移动,并以力链形式分布和传递.文章给出了此模型的物理依据和实际观测例证;通过模拟实验和分析阐述了力-移动-形变在地层中分布的表达形式和传播时间序;说明了地震前兆信息的主要特征及其与地震发生之间的关联,以及探测有效地震前兆信息的方法原理.同时,论述了用颗粒物理原理与连续介质观念对地震前兆认识的本质区别,解释了连续介质观点难以理解的若干地震学问题.The earth crust consists of tectonic plates, faults and the fault gouges at their boundaries. In the case of studying such an issue as quasi-static mechanics on the seismic precursory spreading, the crustal lithosphere must be treated as a granular system consisting of large-scale discrete grains. In the process of seismogeny, the rock blocks driven by tectonic forces induce a stick-slip motion by overcoming the friction and the boundary resistance. When the fault gouges between blocks are squeezed and their strength increases to a certain degree, the next block will be pushed to generate a stick-slip motion and the successive rock blocks move gradually in the same way. As in any granular system, the distribution and transfer of force and the movement of the rock blocks must be in the chain-like form. This model is not only reasonably deduced from the physical bases, but also supported by many actual observations. In this work the distribution of force-motion-deformation and the spreading time sequence are given with the simulated experiments and analysis. The main feature of the generated precursory information is described. The essential difference between the understanding of seismic precursor led by viewing the crustal lithosphere as granular system and that as continuum medium is presented. How to acquire effective seismic precursory information as well as how to associate it with the occurrence of earthquake is discussed. Some of the seismology problems are explained reasonably, which can be hardly understood from the continuum medium view point.
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Keywords:
- earthquake precursor /
- granular matter /
- stick-slip /
- force chain
[1] Lu K Q, Hou M Y, Wang Q, Peng Z, Sun W, Sun X M, Wang Y Y, tong X H, Jiang Z H, Liu J X 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull 56 393(in Chinese)[陆坤权、厚美瑛、王 强、彭 政、孙 威、孙晓明、王玉莹、佟晓辉、姜泽辉、刘寄星 2011 科学通报56 383]
[2] [3] Shearer P M 1999 Introduction to seismology (New York: Cambridge University Press) [陈章立 译 2008 地震学引论 (北京:地震出版社)]
[4] Chen Z L 2004 Introduction to the base of seismological methodology for earthauake predictian (Beijing: Seismological Press) (in Chinese)[陈章立 2004浅论地震预报地震学方法基础(北京:地震出版社)]
[5] [6] [7] Zhang G M, Fu Z X, Gui X T 2001 Introduction to Earthqualce Prediction (Beijing:Science Press) (in Chinese)[张国民、傅征祥、桂燮泰 2001 地震预报引论 (北京:科学出版社) ] de Gennes P G 1999 Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 S374 Kadanoff LP 1999 Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 S435
[8] [9] [10] [11] Lu K Q, Liu J X 2004 Wuli, 33 629; 10 713(in Chinese)[陆坤权、刘寄星 2004物理33 629;10:713]
[12] [13] Duran J 1999 Sands,Powders, and Grains, an Introduction to the Physics of Granular Materials (New York:Springer)
[14] [15] Brace W F, Byerlee J D 1966 Sience 153 990 Burridge R, Knopoff L 1967 Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 57 341
[16] [17] Agnolin I, Roux J N 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 061304
[18] [19] Wang L 2004 Earthquake Research in Sichven 110 42 (in Chinese)[王 兰 2004 四川地震110 42]
[20] [21] [22] Niu F L, Silver P G, Daley T M 2008 Nature 454 204
[23] [24] Jiang J X, Yin G H, Wang Z H, Wang X G, Tang X Y 2004 Chin. J.Rock Mechan.and Engin. 23 4072 (in Chinese)[蒋靖祥、尹光华、王在华、王新刚、唐小勇 2004 岩石力学与工程学报 23 4072]
[25] [26] The Monitoring and Prediction Department of China Seismological Bureau 2005 The Indonesian Earthquake and its Impact on the Chinese Mainland Area (Beijing:Seismological Press) (in Chinese)[中国地震局监测预报司编2005 2004年印尼8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响 (北京:地震出版社)]
[27] Peng H, Ma X M, Jiang J J 2008 J.Geomechan. 14 97 (in Chinese)[彭 华、马秀敏、姜景捷 2008地质力学学报 14 97] Per B 1996 How nature works (New York:Copernicus Press)[李 炜、蔡 勖译 2001大自然如何工作 (武汉:华中师范大学出版社)]
[28] [29] Li J, Jin X 2009 Acta Seismologica Sin. 31 629 (in Chinese)[李 军、金 星 2009地震学报 31 629 To K, Lai P, Pak H 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett.86 71
[30] Hou M, Chen W, Zhang T, Lu K, Chan C K 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett.91 204301
[31] Xu S Y 2006 Chin.Academy of Engin. 8 14 (in Chinese)[许绍燮 2006中国工程科学 8 14]
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[1] Lu K Q, Hou M Y, Wang Q, Peng Z, Sun W, Sun X M, Wang Y Y, tong X H, Jiang Z H, Liu J X 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull 56 393(in Chinese)[陆坤权、厚美瑛、王 强、彭 政、孙 威、孙晓明、王玉莹、佟晓辉、姜泽辉、刘寄星 2011 科学通报56 383]
[2] [3] Shearer P M 1999 Introduction to seismology (New York: Cambridge University Press) [陈章立 译 2008 地震学引论 (北京:地震出版社)]
[4] Chen Z L 2004 Introduction to the base of seismological methodology for earthauake predictian (Beijing: Seismological Press) (in Chinese)[陈章立 2004浅论地震预报地震学方法基础(北京:地震出版社)]
[5] [6] [7] Zhang G M, Fu Z X, Gui X T 2001 Introduction to Earthqualce Prediction (Beijing:Science Press) (in Chinese)[张国民、傅征祥、桂燮泰 2001 地震预报引论 (北京:科学出版社) ] de Gennes P G 1999 Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 S374 Kadanoff LP 1999 Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 S435
[8] [9] [10] [11] Lu K Q, Liu J X 2004 Wuli, 33 629; 10 713(in Chinese)[陆坤权、刘寄星 2004物理33 629;10:713]
[12] [13] Duran J 1999 Sands,Powders, and Grains, an Introduction to the Physics of Granular Materials (New York:Springer)
[14] [15] Brace W F, Byerlee J D 1966 Sience 153 990 Burridge R, Knopoff L 1967 Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 57 341
[16] [17] Agnolin I, Roux J N 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 061304
[18] [19] Wang L 2004 Earthquake Research in Sichven 110 42 (in Chinese)[王 兰 2004 四川地震110 42]
[20] [21] [22] Niu F L, Silver P G, Daley T M 2008 Nature 454 204
[23] [24] Jiang J X, Yin G H, Wang Z H, Wang X G, Tang X Y 2004 Chin. J.Rock Mechan.and Engin. 23 4072 (in Chinese)[蒋靖祥、尹光华、王在华、王新刚、唐小勇 2004 岩石力学与工程学报 23 4072]
[25] [26] The Monitoring and Prediction Department of China Seismological Bureau 2005 The Indonesian Earthquake and its Impact on the Chinese Mainland Area (Beijing:Seismological Press) (in Chinese)[中国地震局监测预报司编2005 2004年印尼8.7级大地震及其对中国大陆地区的影响 (北京:地震出版社)]
[27] Peng H, Ma X M, Jiang J J 2008 J.Geomechan. 14 97 (in Chinese)[彭 华、马秀敏、姜景捷 2008地质力学学报 14 97] Per B 1996 How nature works (New York:Copernicus Press)[李 炜、蔡 勖译 2001大自然如何工作 (武汉:华中师范大学出版社)]
[28] [29] Li J, Jin X 2009 Acta Seismologica Sin. 31 629 (in Chinese)[李 军、金 星 2009地震学报 31 629 To K, Lai P, Pak H 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett.86 71
[30] Hou M, Chen W, Zhang T, Lu K, Chan C K 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett.91 204301
[31] Xu S Y 2006 Chin.Academy of Engin. 8 14 (in Chinese)[许绍燮 2006中国工程科学 8 14]
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