基于准连续域束缚态的强圆二色性超表面

夏兆生; 刘宇行; 包正; 王丽华; 吴博; 王刚; 王辉; 任信钢; 黄志祥

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240834

摘要

连续域束缚态最初是在量子力学中发现的, 它是一种可保持局域化的波动现象. 这种效应已在各种材料系统中得到广泛研究, 包括压电材料、石墨烯和光子晶体. 本工作提出了一种由中断的环形槽组成的四重旋转对称硅超表面. 通过同时打破晶胞的面内反转对称性, 实现了具有高品质因子和显著手性的准连续域束缚态. 通过对动量空间中拓扑荷的研究, 揭示了由超表面的内部共振机制产生的准连续域束缚态的独特拓扑特征. 在合适的对称破坏下, 具有平面内对称破坏的四重旋转对称超表面表现出–0.93的强圆二色性, 并且其显示出了在对称破坏较大时的强圆二色性. 这项工作所取得的成果在手性生物传感器和低阈值激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.

关键词:

Abstract

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) were initially observed in quantum mechanics as a phenomenon capable of maintaining localized wave behavior. This effect has been extensively studied across various material systems, including piezoelectric materials, graphene, and photonic crystals. Recently, the BIC mode has employed to achieve strong optical chirality in metamaterials with symmetry breaking. In this work, we propose a silicon metasurface with an interrupted ring groove, which has a fourfold rotationally symmetry. By breaking the in-plane inversion symmetry of the unit cell, we achieve quasi-BICs with the high quality factor and conspicuous chirality. Moreover, by analyzing topological charges in momentum space, we reveal that the unique topological characteristics of quasi-BIC are generated by the internal resonance of metasurface. When the symmetry breaking reaches a certain level, our proposed symmetry-broken metasurface shows a strong circular dichroism and its value is –0.93, which indicates that the quasi-BIC mode can has a strong chiral selectivity. For chiral sensing applications, the chiral metasurface exhibits a spectral resolution of approximately 0.003. The findings presented in this work have great potential applications in chiral sensing, nonlinear chiral optics, low-threshold lasers, and other related fields.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
安徽大学, 计算智能与信号处理教育部重点实验室, 合肥　230601

2.
安徽大学, 信息材料与智能感知安徽省实验室, 合肥　230601

3.
合肥师范学院, 电子信息系统仿真设计安徽省重点实验室, 合肥　230001

通信作者: 王辉, hwang@hfnu.edu.cn ; 任信钢, xgren@ahu.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 62171001, U20A20164, U22A2017, 61871001, 61701001, 61971001, 6140209)、国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2022YFB4200901-1, 2022YFB4200903)、安徽省自然科学基金(批准号: 2108085MF198, 1908085QF251)、安徽省高校协同创新计划(批准号: GXXT-2022-009, GXXT-2020-050, GXXT-2020-051, GXXT-2021-027, GXXT-2021-037)、安徽省博士后科学基金创建项目(批准号: 2019B348)、安徽省级科技重大项目(公开竞赛类)项目计划(批准号: 202203a05020035)和安徽省新型半导体材料专用功率器件工程技术研究中心开放基金(批准号: 2021GCYJZX02)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

2.
Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

3.
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Simulation and Design for Electronic Information System, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230001, China

Corresponding author: Wang Hui, hwang@hfnu.edu.cn ; Ren Xin-Gang, xgren@ahu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62171001, U20A20164, U22A2017, 61871001, 61701001, 61971001, 6140209), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFB4200901-1, 2022YFB4200903), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (Grant Nos. 2108085MF198, 1908085QF251), the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province, China (Grant Nos. GXXT-2022-009, GXXT-2020-050, GXXT-2020-051, GXXT-2021-027, GXXT-2021-037), the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 2019B348), the Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province, China (Open Competition Class) Project Plan (Grant No. 202203a05020035), and the Open Fund for Engineering Technology Research Center of Specific Power Devices with Novel Semiconductor Materials of Anhui Province, China (Grant No. 2021GCYJZX02).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Borovkova O V, Ignatyeva D O, Sekatskii S K, Karabchevsky A, Belotelov V I 2019 Photonics Res. 8 57 Google Scholar
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[6]	Srinivasan K, Stintz A, Krishna S, Painter O 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 205318.Google Scholar
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[24]	Yang S Y, Liu Z, Yang H F, Jin A Z, Zhang S, Li J J, Gu C Z 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 1901448 Google Scholar
[25]	Basiri A, Chen X, Bai J, Amrollahi P, Carpenter J, Holman Z, Wang C, Yao Y 2019 Light Sci. Appl. 8 78 Google Scholar
[26]	Fasold S, Linß S, Kawde T, Falkner M, Decker M, Pertsch T, Staude I 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1773 Google Scholar
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[32]	Overvig A, Yu N, Alu A 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 073001 Google Scholar
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[36]	Chen Y, Yang X D, Gao J 2018 Light Sci. Appl. 7 84 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 (a)具有C_4v对称性的超表面的示意图; 分别为超表面单元的(b)结构示意图和(c)俯视图

Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of a metasurface with C_4v symmetry; (b) structural schematic and (c) top view of the metasurface unit, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a)本征模的位于1500—1600 nm波段的能带结构; (b)本征模在BIC波长(波长为1548 nm)附近的品质因子分布图, 品质因子在k = 0的点处趋向于无穷大, 插图为BIC波长处的结构处的电场分布图

Fig. 2. (a) Band structure of the eigenmodes in the wavelength range of 1500–1600 nm; (b) quality factor distribution of the eigenmodes near the BIC wavelength (1548 nm), with the quality factor approaching infinity at k = 0. The inset shows the electric field distribution at the BIC frequency point.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 (a) 超表面处于激发模式下, 扰动因子对高品质因子的影响, 插图为所定义的破坏对称方式的示意图; (b)不同扰动因子下的本征模的波长分布

Fig. 3. (a) Impact of the perturbation factor on the high-quality factor in the excited mode of the metasurface, with the inset showing a schematic diagram of the defined symmetry-breaking method; (b) wavelength distribution of the eigenmodes under different perturbation facors.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同扰动因子下的手性超表面透射

Fig. 4. Transmission of chiral metasurfaces under different perturbation factors.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 在k_x和k_y构成的动量空间中, (a) 未打破对称性BIC的拓扑荷, 扰动因子分别为(b) 0.1和(c) 0.2时准BIC的拓扑荷分布

Fig. 5. In the momentum space formed by k_x and k_y: (a) Topological charge of the unperturbed symmetry-breaking BIC; topological charge distribution of the quasi-BIC when the perturbation factors are (b) 0.1 and (c) 0.2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 (a) α = 0.1对称破坏时, C_4v超表面使用RCP, LCP光激励的透射光谱; (b)准BIC附近处的圆二色性值; 使用(c) RCP和(d) LCP光激励的准BIC波长处超表面的电场分布

Fig. 6. (a) Transmission spectra of C_4v metasurface under α = 0.1 symmetry breaking, excited by RCP and LCP light; (b) circular dichroism values near the quasi-BIC; (c), (d) the electric field distribution of the metasurface at the quasi-BIC wavelength when excited with (c) RCP and (d) LCP light, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 扰动因子α从0.05增大到0.30时, (a) LCP和 (b) RCP激励作用下的透射谱; (c) 超表面在准BIC频点处的圆二色性

Fig. 7. When the perturbation factor α increases from 0.05 to 0.30: Transmission spectra under (a) LCP and (b) RCP excitation, respectively; (c) circular dichroism of the metasurface at the quasi-BIC frequency point.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 (a) 考虑损耗的条件下, 超表面破坏对称性后的透射、反射和吸收谱线; (b)考虑损耗的情况下元胞的电场图; 手性超表面在(c) LCP和RCP光下的透射谱线以及(d)圆二色性曲线

Fig. 8. (a) Consideration of losses, transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra of the metasurface after symmetry breaking; (b) electric field distribution in the unit cell considering losses; (c) transmission spectra under LCP and RCP light, and (d) the circular dichroism curve of the chiral metasurface, respectively.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

map

[1]	Borovkova O V, Ignatyeva D O, Sekatskii S K, Karabchevsky A, Belotelov V I 2019 Photonics Res. 8 57 Google Scholar
[2]	Daldosso N, Pavesi L 2009 Laser Photon. Rev. 3 508 Google Scholar
[3]	Kekatpure R D, Brongersma M L 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 023829 Google Scholar
[4]	Lim W X, Singh R 2018 Nano Converg. 5 5 Google Scholar
[5]	Rybin M V, Koshelev K L, Sadrieva Z F, Samusev K B, Bogdanov A A. Limonov M F, Kivshar Y S 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 243901 Google Scholar
[6]	Srinivasan K, Stintz A, Krishna S, Painter O 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 205318.Google Scholar
[7]	Azzam S I, Kildishev A V 2020 Adv. Opt. Mater. 9 2001469 Google Scholar
[8]	Koshelev K, Bogdanov A, Kivshar Y 2019 Science Bulletin 64 836 Google Scholar
[9]	Kupriianov A S, Xu Y, Sayanskiy A, Dmitriev V, Kivshar Y S, Tuz V R 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 12 014024 Google Scholar
[10]	Marinica D C, Borisov A G, Shabanov S V 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 183902 Google Scholar
[11]	Koshelev K, Lepeshov S, Liu M, Bogdanov A, Kivshar Y 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 193903 Google Scholar
[12]	Kodigala A, Lepetit T, Gu Q, Bahari B, Fainman Y, Kante B 2017 Nature 541 196 Google Scholar
[13]	Pavlov A, Zabkov I, Klimov V 2018 Opt. Express 26 28948 Google Scholar
[14]	Xu K, Fang M, Huang Z X 2021 IEEE Photonics J. 13 1500109 Google Scholar
[15]	Abujetas D R, Barreda Á, Moreno F, Litman A, Geffrin J M, Sánchez‐Gil J A 2020 Laser Photonics Rev. 15 2000263 Google Scholar
[16]	Volkovskaya I, Xu L, Huang L J, Smirnov A I, Miroshnichenko A E, Smirnova D 2020 Nanophotonics 9 3953 Google Scholar
[17]	Koshelev K, Tang Y T, Li K F, Choi D Y, Li G X, Kivshar Y 2019 ACS Photonics 6 1639 Google Scholar
[18]	Panoiu N C, Sha W E I, Lei D Y, Li G C 2018 J. Opt. 20 083001 Google Scholar
[19]	Ren Q, Feng F, Yao X, Xu Q, Xin M, Lan Z H, You J W, Xiao X F, Sha W E I 2021 Opt. Express 29 5384 Google Scholar
[20]	Cai Y P, Huang Y, Zhu K Y, Wu H H 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 4049 Google Scholar
[21]	Yu S L, Wang Y S, Gao Z A, Li H, Song S Z, Yu J G, Zhao T G 2022 Opt. Express 30 4084 Google Scholar
[22]	Kilchoer C, Abdollahi N, Steiner U, Gunkel I, Wilts B D 2019 APL Photonics 4 126107 Google Scholar
[23]	Wu Z, Liu Y, Hill E H, Zheng Y 2018 Nanoscale 10 18096 Google Scholar
[24]	Yang S Y, Liu Z, Yang H F, Jin A Z, Zhang S, Li J J, Gu C Z 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 1901448 Google Scholar
[25]	Basiri A, Chen X, Bai J, Amrollahi P, Carpenter J, Holman Z, Wang C, Yao Y 2019 Light Sci. Appl. 8 78 Google Scholar
[26]	Fasold S, Linß S, Kawde T, Falkner M, Decker M, Pertsch T, Staude I 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1773 Google Scholar
[27]	Kan Y H, Andersen S K H, Ding F, Kumar S, Zhao C Y, Bozhevolnyi S I 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 1907832 Google Scholar
[28]	Liu Z G, Du H F, Li J F, Lu L, Li Z Y, Fang N X 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 eaat4436 Google Scholar
[29]	Zhao Y, Askarpour A N, Sun L Y, Shi J W, Li X Q, Alu A 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14180 Google Scholar
[30]	Hao C L, Xu L G, Kuang H, Xu C L 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 e1802075 Google Scholar
[31]	Gorkunov M V, Antonov A A, Kivshar Y S 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 093903 Google Scholar
[32]	Overvig A, Yu N, Alu A 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 073001 Google Scholar
[33]	Yu K, Song F, Shi Z, Li H, Liu Y , Wu X 2023 J. Opt. 25 125101 Google Scholar
[34]	Palik E D 1985 Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids ppxvii-xviii
[35]	Zhen B, Hsu C W, Lu L, Stone A D, Soljačić M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 257401 Google Scholar
[36]	Chen Y, Yang X D, Gao J 2018 Light Sci. Appl. 7 84 Google Scholar

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基于准连续域束缚态的强圆二色性超表面