脉冲大电流直线驱动装置电-磁-热-结构多场耦合的局域建模方法

孙建; 王秋良; 程军胜; 熊玲; 丛源涛; 王贺阳

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240235

摘要

脉冲大电流直线驱动装置运行过程中产生的极端工况导致多种损伤形式. 为了研究多场耦合过程并分析多物理参量作用机理, 建立了动态下的电磁场、温度场、结构场数学物理模型. 利用轨道反向运动及接触远端物理量渐进平移不变的特性进行局域求解. 模型还考虑了材料属性温度依赖性, 热应力, 接触面摩擦热等实际因素. 各个物理场采用同一套网格体系, 电磁场以及温度场的有限元离散格式采用欧拉向后差分形式求解, 结构场则采用Newmark法进行求解, 完成多场耦合下的数值模拟. 通过与数值工具EMAP3D、Comsolol在相同模型和输入条件下的计算结果以及相关实验比较, 验证了该模型的可靠性. 本文采用一种C型电枢进行案例计算, 得到了多参量的典型演化过程, 并对速度趋肤效应下的场分布进行了讨论.

关键词:

Abstract

The pulsed high current linear driving device operates under extreme conditions, and various forms of metal damages will reduce the service life of the device. At present, the multi-physics coupling mechanism of pulsed high current linear driving device is still unclear, and the multi-parameter diagnosis method in the laboratory environment is limited. Therefore, it is urgent to clarify the evolution process of multiple physical parameters through numerical modeling methods, in order to guide the optimization of the overall performance and improve the service life of the device. In this work, mathematical and physical models of electromagnetic field, temperature field and structural field under dynamic conditions are established. The local solution is carried out by using the characteristics of rail reverse motion and the invariant physical quantities at the distal end of the contact. The constraint equations of the non-equipotential surface of the rail entrance and the armature-rail interface conditions under the technical framework are derived. The constraint equations are applied by the penalty function method. The model also takes into account the practical factors such as the temperature dependence of the material properties, thermal stresses, and the frictional heat of the contact surface. The finite element discrete format of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field is solved in the form of Euler’s backward differentiation, and the structural field is solved by the Newmark method. The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the calculation results with the numerical tools EMAP3D and Comsol under the same configuration and input conditions, as well as related experiments. Through the numerical simulation of the C-type armature, the typical evolution process of the corresponding multi-parameter is obtained. During sliding electrical contact, the velocity skin effect becomes more pronounced with velocity increasing. The current is gradually concentrated on the surface of the rail, and the highest current density is found at the rear edge of the contact surface and at the edge of the outer arm of the armature. Moreover, the magnetic induction intensity at the tail of the contact surface continues to shrink over time. The heat-concentrated region appears at the top edge of the contact surface, and with time going by, it extends along the sliding direction and bottom direction of the armature. In addition, there is peak stress in the front of the rail contact and significant stress at the armature throat. When the local stress at the throat of the armature exceeds the corresponding yield strength, it can cause serious deformation or even fracture of the armature.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院大学电子电气与通信学院, 北京　100049

2.
中国科学院电工研究所, 北京　100190

3.
齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院, 济南　250101

通信作者: 王秋良, qiuliang@mail.iee.ac.cn ; 程军胜, jscheng@mail.iee.ac.cn ;

基金项目: 中国科学院科研仪器设备研制项目(批准号: YJKYYQ20200011)、中国科学院联合基金项目(批准号: 8091A02)和齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院科研基金项目资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

2.
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

3.
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250101, China

Corresponding author: Wang Qiu-Liang, qiuliang@mail.iee.ac.cn ; Cheng Jun-Sheng, jscheng@mail.iee.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. YJKYYQ20200011), the Joint Funds of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. 8091A02), and the Research Funds of Qilu Zhongke Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology Institute, China.

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Fair H D 2001 IEEE Trans. Magn. 37 25 Google Scholar
[2]	马伟明, 鲁军勇 2023 电工技术学报 38 3943 Google Scholar Ma W M, Lu J Y 2023 Trans. Chin. Electrotech. Soc. 38 3943 Google Scholar
[3]	Sun J, Cheng J, Wang Q 2021 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 49 3988 Google Scholar
[4]	Stefani F, Parker J V 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 312 Google Scholar
[5]	Li S, Li J, Xia S, Zhang Q, Liu P 2019 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 47 2399 Google Scholar
[6]	Sun J, Cheng J, Wang Q 2022 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 50 1032 Google Scholar
[7]	殷强, 张合, 李豪杰, 史云雷 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 025008 Google Scholar Yin Q, Zhang H, Li H J, Shi Y L 2016 High Power Laser Part. Beams 28 025008 Google Scholar
[8]	李昕, 翁春生 2009 火炮发射与控制学报 2009 1 Google Scholar Li X, Weng C S 2009 J. Gun Launch Control 2009 1 Google Scholar
[9]	Li X, Weng C S 2008 Prog. Nat. Sci. 18 1565 Google Scholar
[10]	Tang B, Xu Y, Lin Q, Li B 2017 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 45 1361 Google Scholar
[11]	郑杜成, 徐蓉, 成文凭, 赵伟康, 袁伟群, 严萍 2019 电工电能新技术 38 33 Google Scholar Zheng D C, Xu R, Cheng W P, Zhao W K, Yuan W Q, Yan P 2019 Adv. Technol. Electr. Eng. Energy 38 33 Google Scholar
[12]	翟小飞, 杨帆, 张晓, 刘华 2021 海军工程大学学报 33 19 Google Scholar Zhai X F, Yang F, Zhang X, Liu H 2021 J. Naval Univ. Eng. 33 19 Google Scholar
[13]	Hsieh K T 1995 IEEE Trans. Magn. 31 604 Google Scholar
[14]	Hsieh K T, Kim B K 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 166 Google Scholar
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[16]	Lin Q H, Li B M 2020 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 48 2287 Google Scholar
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[19]	Shatoff H, Pearson D A, Kull A E 2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference Monterey, CA, USA, June 13–17, 2005 p253
[20]	Wang G H, Xie L, He Y, Song S Y, Gao J J 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 1424 Google Scholar
[21]	王刚华, 谢龙, 赵海龙 2021 爆炸与冲击 41 111 Google Scholar Wang G H, Xie L, Zhao H L 2021 Explosion and Shock Waves 41 111 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 多物理场耦合模型

Fig. 1. Multi physical field coupling model.

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图 2 基于轨道反向运动的滑动电接触时间演化示意图

Fig. 2. Schematic of time evolution of sliding electrical contact based on rail reverse motion.

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图 3 块状电枢下电流波形的比较

Fig. 3. Comparison of current waveforms under block armature.

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图 4 网格及结构场边界条件

Fig. 4. Mesh and structural field boundary conditions.

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图 5 X, Y, Z三方向位移三维对比　(a) X方向; (b) Y方向; (c) Z方向

Fig. 5. 3D comparison of displacement in X, Y and Z directions: (a) X-direction; (b) Y-direction; (c) Z-direction.

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图 6 磁场对比

Fig. 6. Magnetic field comparison.

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图 7 电流对比

Fig. 7. Current comparison.

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图 8 网格剖分示意图(1/4)

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of mesh (1/4).

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图 9 激励电流波形

Fig. 9. Excitation current waveform.

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图 10 速度及位移波形

Fig. 10. Velocity and displacement waveforms.

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图 11 电流对比图

Fig. 11. Current comparison diagram.

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图 12 电流密度的演化　(a) 0.1 ms; (b) 0.2 ms; (c) 0.6 ms

Fig. 12. Evolution of current density: (a) 0.1 ms; (b) 0.2 ms; (c) 0.6 ms.

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图 13 磁感应强度的演化　(a) 0.1 ms; (b) 0.2 ms; (c) 0.6 ms

Fig. 13. Evolution of the magnetic induction intensity: (a) 0.1 ms; (b) 0.2 ms; (c) 0.6 ms.

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图 14 经验公式及动态计算的电磁推力比较

Fig. 14. Comparison of electromagnetic thrust based on empirical formula and dynamic calculation.

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图 15 0.18 ms时的导体温度分布

Fig. 15. Temperature distribution of conductor at 0.18 ms.

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图 16 电枢接触面温度演化　(a) 0.1 ms; (b) 0.3 ms

Fig. 16. Temperature evolution of armature contact surface: (a) 0.1 ms; (b) 0.3 ms.

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图 17 0.6 ms时结构场位移分布　(a) X方向; (b) Y方向; (c) Z方向

Fig. 17. Displacement distribution of structural field at 0.6 ms: (a) X-direction; (b) Y-direction; (c) Z-direction.

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图 18 0.5 ms时的von Mises应力分布

Fig. 18. Von Mises stress distribution at 0.5 ms.

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图 19 电磁法向力与接触压力的比较

Fig. 19. Comparison of electromagnetic normal force and contact force.

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图 20 t = 0.6 ms时电枢接触面温度　(a) 无接触压力; (b) 电磁法向力近似接触压力; (c) 结构场接触压力

Fig. 20. Temperature of the armature contact surface at t = 0.6 ms: (a) No contact pressure; (b) electromagnetic normal force approximates contact pressure; (c) structural field contact pressure.

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表 1 仿真模型电磁场参数

Table 1. Electromagnetic field parameters of simulation model.

参数	初始电导率 σ₀/(MS·m^–1)	磁导率 μ/(10^–6 H·m^–1)	质量密度 ρ/(kg·m^–3)	比热容 c/(J·kg^–1·K^–1)	热导率 λ/(W·m^–1·K^–1)	电阻率温度系数 α/K	熔化温度 T_m/K
铜	58.8	1.2566	8960	385	385	0.0039	1356.15
铝	25	1.2566	2700	896	167	0.0041	924.85

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 仿真模型热场及结构场参数

Table 2. Thermal field and structural field parameters of simulation model.

参数	弹性模量 E/GPa	线膨胀系数 β/(µm·m^–1·K^–1)	泊松比 μ_Poisson
铜	110	16.5	0.34
铝	68.9	23.6	0.33

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Fair H D 2001 IEEE Trans. Magn. 37 25 Google Scholar
[2]	马伟明, 鲁军勇 2023 电工技术学报 38 3943 Google Scholar Ma W M, Lu J Y 2023 Trans. Chin. Electrotech. Soc. 38 3943 Google Scholar
[3]	Sun J, Cheng J, Wang Q 2021 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 49 3988 Google Scholar
[4]	Stefani F, Parker J V 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 312 Google Scholar
[5]	Li S, Li J, Xia S, Zhang Q, Liu P 2019 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 47 2399 Google Scholar
[6]	Sun J, Cheng J, Wang Q 2022 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 50 1032 Google Scholar
[7]	殷强, 张合, 李豪杰, 史云雷 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 025008 Google Scholar Yin Q, Zhang H, Li H J, Shi Y L 2016 High Power Laser Part. Beams 28 025008 Google Scholar
[8]	李昕, 翁春生 2009 火炮发射与控制学报 2009 1 Google Scholar Li X, Weng C S 2009 J. Gun Launch Control 2009 1 Google Scholar
[9]	Li X, Weng C S 2008 Prog. Nat. Sci. 18 1565 Google Scholar
[10]	Tang B, Xu Y, Lin Q, Li B 2017 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 45 1361 Google Scholar
[11]	郑杜成, 徐蓉, 成文凭, 赵伟康, 袁伟群, 严萍 2019 电工电能新技术 38 33 Google Scholar Zheng D C, Xu R, Cheng W P, Zhao W K, Yuan W Q, Yan P 2019 Adv. Technol. Electr. Eng. Energy 38 33 Google Scholar
[12]	翟小飞, 杨帆, 张晓, 刘华 2021 海军工程大学学报 33 19 Google Scholar Zhai X F, Yang F, Zhang X, Liu H 2021 J. Naval Univ. Eng. 33 19 Google Scholar
[13]	Hsieh K T 1995 IEEE Trans. Magn. 31 604 Google Scholar
[14]	Hsieh K T, Kim B K 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 166 Google Scholar
[15]	Hsieh K T 2007 IEEE Trans. Magn. 43 1131 Google Scholar
[16]	Lin Q H, Li B M 2020 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 48 2287 Google Scholar
[17]	Lin Q H, Li B M 2016 Defence Technol. 12 101 Google Scholar
[18]	林庆华, 栗保明 2020 兵工学报 41 1697 Google Scholar Lin Q H, Li B M 2020 Acta Armamentarii 41 1697 Google Scholar
[19]	Shatoff H, Pearson D A, Kull A E 2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference Monterey, CA, USA, June 13–17, 2005 p253
[20]	Wang G H, Xie L, He Y, Song S Y, Gao J J 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 1424 Google Scholar
[21]	王刚华, 谢龙, 赵海龙 2021 爆炸与冲击 41 111 Google Scholar Wang G H, Xie L, Zhao H L 2021 Explosion and Shock Waves 41 111 Google Scholar

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