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Probes of nano scale are a type of important tools for the study on nano-film material. Dynamic explicit method accompanied by the intermittent feeding of probe to dissipate the energy is applied to avoid the difficulty of convergence in the finite element model for a system of probe, graphene, and substrate. And the results of a static state are obtained from this strategy. The functions of interface interaction forces are deduced from adhesion energy and the potential between atoms. The force functions are implanted into subroutines in Abaqus code to simulate the interactions among graphene layers, probe, and substrate. Results of simulations show good consistency with the data of experiments.
[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Sci. 306 666
[2] Bae S, Kim H, Lee Y, Xu X, Park J S, Zheng Y, Balakrishnan J, Lei T, Kim H R, Song Y I 2010 Nature Nanotech. 5 574
[3] [4] Lin Y M, Dimitrakopoulos C, Jenkins K A, Farmer D B, Chiu H Y, Grill A, Avouris P 2010 Sci. 327 662
[5] [6] [7] Koenig S P, Wang L, Pellegrino J, Bunch J S 2012 Nature Nano. 7 728
[8] Jiang D E, Cooper V R, Dai S 2009 Nano Lett. 9 4019
[9] [10] [11] Han Y, Xu Z, Gao C 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 3693
[12] [13] Bunch J S, Verbridge S S, Alden J S, van der Zande A M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G, McEuen P L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 2458
[14] [15] Bunch J, van der Zande A, Verbridge S, Frank I, Tanenbaum D, Parpia J, Craighead H, McEuen P 2007 Sci. 315 490
[16] [17] Castro N A H, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S, Geim A K 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 109
[18] Novoselov K S, Morozov S V, Mohinddin T M G, Ponomarenko L A, Elias D C, Yang R, Barbolina I I, Blake P, Booth T J, Jiang D, Giesbers J, Hill E W, Geim A K 2007 Phys. Status. Solidi. B 244 4106
[19] [20] [21] Chen S, Wu Q, Mishra C, Kang J, Zhang H, Cho K, Cai W, Balandin A A, Ruoff R S 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 203
[22] [23] Russo S, Oostinga J B, D Wehenkel, H B Heersche, S S Sobhani, L M K Vandersypen, A. F. Morpurgo 2007 e-print arXiv: 0711 1508
[24] Cheianov V V, Fal'ko V I 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 041403
[25] [26] [27] Cheianov V V, V Fal'ko, Altshuler B L 2007 Sci. 315 1252
[28] Ossipov A, Titov M, Beenakker C W J 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 241401
[29] [30] Qin M M, Ji W, Feng Y Y, Feng W 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028103
[31] [32] [33] Zhang Y P, Yin Y H, L H H, Zhang H Y 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 027202
[34] [35] Eda G, Fanchini G, Chhowalla M 2008 Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 270
[36] [37] Robinson J T, Perkins F K, Snow E S, Wei Z, Sheehan P E 2008 Nano. Lett. 8 3137
[38] [39] Robinson J T, Zalalutdinov M, Baldwin J W, Snow E S, Wei Z, Sheehan P, Houston B H 2008 Nano Lett. 8 441
[40] [41] Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Dommett G H B, Kohlhaas K M, Zimney E J, Stach E A, Piner R D, Nguyen S T, Ruoff R S 2006 Nat. 442 282
[42] Liu N, Luo F, Wu H, Liu Y, Zhang C, Chen J 2008 AdV. Funct. Mater 18 1518
[43] [44] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Sci. 306 666
[45] [46] Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Dommett G H B, Kohlhaas K M, Zimney E J, Stach E A, Piner R D, Nguyen S T, Ruoff R S 2006 Nat. 442 282
[47] [48] [49] Hou H P, Xie Y E, Chen Y P, Ou Y T, Ge Q X, Zhong J X 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 087303
[50] [51] Gao T H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 046102 (in Chinese) [高潭华 2014 63 046102]
[52] [53] Hui Z X, He P F, Dai Y, Wu A H 2014 Acta. Phys. Sin. 63 074401 (in Chinese) [惠治鑫, 贺鹏飞, 戴瑛, 吴艾辉 2014 63 074401]
[54] Yang J S, Huang D H, Cao Q L, Li Q, Wang L Z, Wang F H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 098101
[55] [56] [57] Huang L, Xu W Y, Que Y D, Mao J H, Meng L, Pan L D, Li G, Wang Y L Du, S X, Liu Y Q, Gao H J 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 096803
[58] [59] Li Z J, Li Q, Cheng Z G, Li H B, Fang Y 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028102
[60] [61] Huang W B, Wang G L, Gao F Q, Qiao Z T, Wang G, Chen M J, Tao L, Deng Y, Sun L F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 046802
[62] Han T W, He P F 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 3408 (in Chinese) [韩同伟, 贺鹏飞 2010 59 3408]
[63] [64] Shin Y J, Stromberg R, Nay R, Huang H, Wee A T S, Yang H, Bhatia C S 2011 Carbon 49 4070
[65] [66] Kim K S, Lee H J, Lee C, Lee S K, Jang H, Ahn J H, Kim J H, Lee H J 2011 ACS Nano 5 5107
[67] [68] [69] Lee C, Wei X, Kysar J, Hone J 2008 Sci. 321 385
[70] Lee G H, Cooper R C, An S J, Lee S, van der Zande A, Petrone N, Hammerberg A G, Lee C, Crawford B, Oliver W, Kysar J W, Hone J 2013 Sci. 340 1073
[71] [72] Filleter T, McChesney J L, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Emtsev K V, Seyller T, Horn K, Bennewitz R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 086102
[73] [74] [75] Lee C, Li Q, Kalb W, Liu X, Berger H, R W Carpick, Hone J 2010 Sci. 328 76
[76] B I Yakobson, C J Brabec, J Bernholc 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 14
[77] [78] [79] Jacobs T D B, Ryan K E, Keating P L, Grierson D S, Lefever J A, Turner K T, Harrison J A, Carpick R W 2013 Tribol. Lett. 50 81
[80] Staszczuk P, Janczuk B, Chibowski E 1985 Mater. Chem. Phys. 12 469
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[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Sci. 306 666
[2] Bae S, Kim H, Lee Y, Xu X, Park J S, Zheng Y, Balakrishnan J, Lei T, Kim H R, Song Y I 2010 Nature Nanotech. 5 574
[3] [4] Lin Y M, Dimitrakopoulos C, Jenkins K A, Farmer D B, Chiu H Y, Grill A, Avouris P 2010 Sci. 327 662
[5] [6] [7] Koenig S P, Wang L, Pellegrino J, Bunch J S 2012 Nature Nano. 7 728
[8] Jiang D E, Cooper V R, Dai S 2009 Nano Lett. 9 4019
[9] [10] [11] Han Y, Xu Z, Gao C 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 3693
[12] [13] Bunch J S, Verbridge S S, Alden J S, van der Zande A M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G, McEuen P L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 2458
[14] [15] Bunch J, van der Zande A, Verbridge S, Frank I, Tanenbaum D, Parpia J, Craighead H, McEuen P 2007 Sci. 315 490
[16] [17] Castro N A H, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S, Geim A K 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 109
[18] Novoselov K S, Morozov S V, Mohinddin T M G, Ponomarenko L A, Elias D C, Yang R, Barbolina I I, Blake P, Booth T J, Jiang D, Giesbers J, Hill E W, Geim A K 2007 Phys. Status. Solidi. B 244 4106
[19] [20] [21] Chen S, Wu Q, Mishra C, Kang J, Zhang H, Cho K, Cai W, Balandin A A, Ruoff R S 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 203
[22] [23] Russo S, Oostinga J B, D Wehenkel, H B Heersche, S S Sobhani, L M K Vandersypen, A. F. Morpurgo 2007 e-print arXiv: 0711 1508
[24] Cheianov V V, Fal'ko V I 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 041403
[25] [26] [27] Cheianov V V, V Fal'ko, Altshuler B L 2007 Sci. 315 1252
[28] Ossipov A, Titov M, Beenakker C W J 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 241401
[29] [30] Qin M M, Ji W, Feng Y Y, Feng W 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028103
[31] [32] [33] Zhang Y P, Yin Y H, L H H, Zhang H Y 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 027202
[34] [35] Eda G, Fanchini G, Chhowalla M 2008 Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 270
[36] [37] Robinson J T, Perkins F K, Snow E S, Wei Z, Sheehan P E 2008 Nano. Lett. 8 3137
[38] [39] Robinson J T, Zalalutdinov M, Baldwin J W, Snow E S, Wei Z, Sheehan P, Houston B H 2008 Nano Lett. 8 441
[40] [41] Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Dommett G H B, Kohlhaas K M, Zimney E J, Stach E A, Piner R D, Nguyen S T, Ruoff R S 2006 Nat. 442 282
[42] Liu N, Luo F, Wu H, Liu Y, Zhang C, Chen J 2008 AdV. Funct. Mater 18 1518
[43] [44] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Sci. 306 666
[45] [46] Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Dommett G H B, Kohlhaas K M, Zimney E J, Stach E A, Piner R D, Nguyen S T, Ruoff R S 2006 Nat. 442 282
[47] [48] [49] Hou H P, Xie Y E, Chen Y P, Ou Y T, Ge Q X, Zhong J X 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 087303
[50] [51] Gao T H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 046102 (in Chinese) [高潭华 2014 63 046102]
[52] [53] Hui Z X, He P F, Dai Y, Wu A H 2014 Acta. Phys. Sin. 63 074401 (in Chinese) [惠治鑫, 贺鹏飞, 戴瑛, 吴艾辉 2014 63 074401]
[54] Yang J S, Huang D H, Cao Q L, Li Q, Wang L Z, Wang F H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 098101
[55] [56] [57] Huang L, Xu W Y, Que Y D, Mao J H, Meng L, Pan L D, Li G, Wang Y L Du, S X, Liu Y Q, Gao H J 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 096803
[58] [59] Li Z J, Li Q, Cheng Z G, Li H B, Fang Y 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 028102
[60] [61] Huang W B, Wang G L, Gao F Q, Qiao Z T, Wang G, Chen M J, Tao L, Deng Y, Sun L F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 046802
[62] Han T W, He P F 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 3408 (in Chinese) [韩同伟, 贺鹏飞 2010 59 3408]
[63] [64] Shin Y J, Stromberg R, Nay R, Huang H, Wee A T S, Yang H, Bhatia C S 2011 Carbon 49 4070
[65] [66] Kim K S, Lee H J, Lee C, Lee S K, Jang H, Ahn J H, Kim J H, Lee H J 2011 ACS Nano 5 5107
[67] [68] [69] Lee C, Wei X, Kysar J, Hone J 2008 Sci. 321 385
[70] Lee G H, Cooper R C, An S J, Lee S, van der Zande A, Petrone N, Hammerberg A G, Lee C, Crawford B, Oliver W, Kysar J W, Hone J 2013 Sci. 340 1073
[71] [72] Filleter T, McChesney J L, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Emtsev K V, Seyller T, Horn K, Bennewitz R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 086102
[73] [74] [75] Lee C, Li Q, Kalb W, Liu X, Berger H, R W Carpick, Hone J 2010 Sci. 328 76
[76] B I Yakobson, C J Brabec, J Bernholc 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 14
[77] [78] [79] Jacobs T D B, Ryan K E, Keating P L, Grierson D S, Lefever J A, Turner K T, Harrison J A, Carpick R W 2013 Tribol. Lett. 50 81
[80] Staszczuk P, Janczuk B, Chibowski E 1985 Mater. Chem. Phys. 12 469
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