从“魔角”石墨烯到摩尔超晶格量子模拟器

季怡汝; 褚衍邦; 冼乐德; 杨威; 张广宇

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210476

摘要

自从魔角石墨烯在实验上被证实以来, 转角摩尔超晶格体系中存在的关联绝缘态和超导态吸引了大批科学家的目光, 并发展出了一门新的科学分支—转角电子学. 本文主要综述了最近转角摩尔超晶格体系在实验上的发展, 包括转角双层石墨烯(TBG)、转角双层-双层石墨烯(TDBG)以及其他二维摩尔超晶格体系, 并简单介绍了摩尔超晶格量子模拟器的概念. 其中实验里浮现的关联绝缘态、超导态、以及铁磁态几乎囊括了近代凝聚态物理的几大热门话题, 同时, 逐步发展的二维摩尔超晶格量子模拟器研究也似乎有可能为强关联量子多体体系寻找一个突破口.

关键词:

Abstract

Since the correlated insulating states and superconductivity in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene were discovered, the twisted moiré superlattice has attracted a wide range of research interest, and even has brought a new field, “twistronics”, into being. In this review, we first give a history of experimentally discovering magic angle graphene and flat band, and then summarize the recent developments of twisted moiré superlattice, including twisted graphene systems and TMDCs, and finally introduce a notion of moiré superlattice quantum simulator.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京　100190

2.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京　100049

3.
纳米材料与器件物理北京市重点实验室, 北京　100190

4.
松山湖材料实验室, 东莞　523808

通信作者: 冼乐德, xianlede@sslab.org.cn ; 杨威, wei.yang@iphy.ac.cn ;

作者简介:

冼乐德, 松山湖材料实验室二维超晶格模拟与计算团队负责人, 特聘研究员. 2014年博士毕业于美国佐治亚理工大学物理系, 2014—2020年先后在西班牙巴斯克大学、德国马普物质结构与动力学研究所从事博士后研究, 曾获欧盟玛丽居里学者奖学金. 主要从事对新型二维材料的计算模拟研究工作, 在单质二维材料的生长, 结构分析与预测, 以及探索新型转角体系中对二维材料量子物性的调控等方面做出了一系列重要的理论研究, 论文发表在Nature, Nature Physics, Nature Materials, Nature Communications, Nano Letters, Physical Review Letters 等学术期刊, 引用超过2600次. 近期的研究主要注重在转角二维材料的理论计算模拟方面

杨威, 中国科学院物理研究所特聘研究员. 2009年山东大学物理系获学士学位, 2014年中国科学院物理研究所获博士学位, 并荣获中国科学院院长特别奖. 先后赴法国巴黎高等师范学校(ENS)和西班牙光子科学研究所(ICFO)做博士后研究, 于2019年回国加入中国科学院物理研究所. 长期从事低维体系量子输运研究, 发展了多种极低温高频噪音测量技术, 在二维摩尔超晶格、量子霍尔效应、高频热输运、一维量子输运等方向取得了多项重要原创性研究成果, 发表在Nature、Nature子刊、PRL等国际一流刊物上, 谷歌学术被引3200余次. 担任2D Materials “转角电子学”专刊的客座编辑, 主持基金委面上项目、科技部重点研发计划等

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2020YFA0309600)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11834017, 61888102, 12074413)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B (批准号: XDB30000000, XDB33000000)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

2.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3.
Beijing Key Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, Beijing 100190, China

4.
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China

Corresponding author: Xian Le-De, xianlede@sslab.org.cn ; Yang Wei, wei.yang@iphy.ac.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0309600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11834017, 61888102, 12074413), and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB30000000, XDB33000000)

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参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 “魔角”石墨烯　(a) 摩尔超晶格和摩尔布里渊区示意图^[12]; (b) 能带图^[13]; (c) 半填充的莫特绝缘态和拱形的超导态^[13]; (d) 3/4填充处的量子反常霍尔效应^[36]

Fig. 1. Magic angle twisted bilayer graphene: (a) Moiré pattern and the mini Brillouin zone^[12]; (b) band energy E of TBG at $ \theta ={1.05}^{\circ } $^[13]; (c) phase diagram with mott insulating states at half filling and gate-tunable superconductivity domes nearby^[13]; (d) quantum anomalous Hall effect near 3/4 filling and schematic band structure at full filling ($ \nu =4 $) and 3/4 filling ($ \nu =3 $)^[36].

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图 2 电场可调的多层石墨烯转角体系　(a) ABC堆垛的三层石墨烯/氮化硼摩尔超晶格中关联绝缘态和超导态^[43]; (b) 转角双层-双层石墨烯(TDBG, 2+2)中的关联绝缘态^[45]; (c) 转角单层-双层石墨烯(TMBG, 1+2)中的关联绝缘态^[54]; (d) 转角三层石墨烯体系(MATTG, 1+1+1)中的超导态^[56]

Fig. 2. Field tunable multilayer graphene twisted moiré superlattice systems: (a) Signatures of Mott insulator and the superconducting (SC) phase in ABC-trilayer graphene/hBN superlattice^[43]; (b) correlated insulating states in twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG)^[45]; (c) correlated insulating states in twisted monolayer-bilayer graphene (TMBG)^[54]; (d) MATTG phase diagrams, and the superconductivity is colored in blue^[56].

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图 3 转角过渡金属硫化物的关联效应　(a) WSe₂/WS₂异质摩尔超晶格半填充处的莫特绝缘态和不同填充处下的磁化率$ \chi \propto g-{g}_{0} $, 和Weiss常数$ \theta $^[60]; (b) WSe₂/WS₂质摩尔超晶格分数填充处的关联绝缘态^[69]; (c) WSe₂/WSe₂同质摩尔超晶格的关联绝缘态^[58]

Fig. 3. Correlated insulating states in twisted TMD superlattice: (a) Signature of correlated insulator at half filling in WSe₂/WS₂ moiré superlattice^[60]; (b) fractional insulating states in WSe₂/WS₂ moiré superlattice^[69]; (c) transport signature of half filling insulator in twisted WSe₂/WSe₂ moiré superlattice^[58].

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