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Muon spin rotation/relaxation (μSR) is a highly sensitive technique for investigating magnetic properties on an atomic scale. With the continuous development of this technique, the researches in condensed matter physics have been significantly promoted. Firstly, this article introduces the advantages and uniqueness of μSR technique, followed by several recent progress contributed by μSR in the field of condensed matter physics, including revealing the magnetic ground state of superconducting nickelates La3Ni2O7 and (R,Sr)NiO2, the investigation into the charge density wave in kagome lattice superconductor AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb), identifying the magnetic droplets immersed in a sea of quantum spin liquid ground state in NaYbSe2, and the exploration of magnetic monopole near a magnetoelectric surface of Cr2O3. Finally, this article summarizes the current construction status and upgrade plans of muon facilities in the world.
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Keywords:
- muon spin rotation/relaxation /
- magnetism /
- superconductivity /
- quantum spin liquid
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图 1 (a) μSR技术的原理示意图; (b) μSR技术填补了其他手段测量动态磁场的频率空白
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the principle of μSR technique; (b) μSR technique fills in the gap of magnetic fluctuation rate between multiple techniques.
图 2 (a) La3Ni2O7中的缪子不对称性参数谱在154 K以下出现了明显的振荡衰减[7]; (b) RbV3Sb5中缪子自旋弛豫率Γ在CDW转变温度T1*和T2*处明显增强, 表明出现该转变打破时间反演对称[11]; (c) 量子自旋液体“海洋”中沉浸的自旋磁滴[15]; (d) 磁电材料Cr2O3表面上的单个电荷将诱导出表面下的镜像磁单极子, 这一镜像磁单极子又能在表面之上产生理想的单极磁场[20]
Fig. 2. (a) Muon asymmetry spectrum in La3Ni2O7 shows clear oscillations and damping below T = 154 K[7]; (b) muon spin relaxation rates Γ, is strongly enhanced below T = T1* and T2*, suggesting the time reversal symmetry broken CDW in RbV3Sb5[11]; (c) magnetic droplets immersed in a sea of QSL[15]; (d) a single charge above the surface of magnetoelectric materials, Cr2O3, induces an image monopole beneath the surface, the image monopole then generates an ideal monopolar magnetic field above the surface[20].
表 1 μSR设施的主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of μSR facilities.
主要参数 PSI TRIUMF ISIS J-PARC CSNS 质子功率/MW 1.4 0.07 0.14 1 0.02 表面缪子流强/s–1 107—109 2×106 107—108 1.5×107 105 自旋极化率/% > 95 > 90 > 90 > 95 95 重复频率/Hz 连续型 连续型 40 25 1—5 不对称性参数A0 0.3 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.32 计数率/(M·h–1·cm–2) ~25 ~15 ~100* ~55 ~20 注: * 100 M/(h·cm2)是ISIS现有谱仪EMU的计数率, 正在改建的Super-MuSR将会使计数率提高到约1400 M/(h·cm2). 
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