超冷原子系综的非高斯纠缠态与精密测量

鹿博; 韩成银; 庄敏; 柯勇贯; 黄嘉豪; 李朝红

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190147

摘要

量子精密测量是基于量子力学的基本原理对特定物理量实施测量, 并利用量子效应提高测量精度的交叉科学. 随着超冷原子实验技术的发展, 超冷原子为量子精密测量提供了一个优异的研究平台. 利用发展成熟的量子调控技术, 人们可以基于超冷原子系综制备一些新奇的非高斯多粒子纠缠态. 基于多体量子干涉, 利用这些非高斯纠缠态作为输入, 可以实现超越标准量子极限的高精度测量. 本文简要综述这一研究领域的进展.

关键词:

Quantum metrology is the interdisciplinary of investigating how to utilize the principles of quantum mechanics to perform parameter estimation and improve the measurement precision by quantum effects. With the experimental developments of ultracold atoms, ultracold atomic ensemble provides an excellent platform for implementing quantum metrology. Attributed to well-developed techniques of quantum control, one can prepare several exotic non-Gaussian multi-particle entangled states in the ensembles of ultracold atoms. Based on many-body quanum interferometry, and using these non-Gaussian entangled states as probe, the high-precision measurement beyond the standard quantum limit can be realized. This article introduces the background and advancement of this field.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中山大学物理与天文学院, 量子工程与精密测量实验室, 珠海　519082

2.
中山大学, 光电材料与技术国家重点实验室, 广州　510275

通信作者: 李朝红, lichaoh2@mail.sysu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11874434, 11574405, 11704420)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Metrology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China

2.
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou 510275, China

Corresponding author: Lee Chao-Hong, lichaoh2@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11874434, 11574405, 11704420).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 自旋相干态(左)与自旋压缩态(右)在广义Bloch球上的Husimi分布(摘自文献^[39])

Fig. 1. The Husimi distribution of spin coherent state (left) and spin squeezed state (right) on the generalized Bloch sphere. Adapted from Ref. [39].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 上图为不同自旋猫态在广义Bloch球上的Husimi分布; 下图为不同自旋猫态在有原子数损失($\eta $为原子的损失率)情况下的相位测量精度极限(摘自文献[55])

Fig. 2. Top: The Husimi distribution of different spin cat states on the generalized Bloch sphere. Bottom: The ultimate phase measurement precision with different spin cat states under atomic loss ($\eta $ denotes the ratio of atom loss). Adapted from Ref. [55].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 基于量子相变和多体量子干涉的相位测量方案示意图( 摘自文献[61])

Fig. 3. Schematic of precision phase measurement based on driving through quantum phase transitions and many-body quantum interferometry. Adapted from Ref. [61].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 (a)旋量BEC的基态由单原子内态的二阶塞曼效应和BEC中自旋交换作用强度的大小决定, 会出现两个相变点, 将相图分为三个区域, 分别为P, BA和TF相; (b)线性扫描q时, 通过吸收成像观察到的BEC在各个内态上的分布随时间的变化(摘自文献[35])

Fig. 4. (a) The thick black solid line denotes the gap $\Delta $ between the first excited and the ground state of Hamiltonian, which together with the two minima at q = ±2|c₂| defines three quantum phases, illustrated by their atom distributions in the three spin components, the first-order Zeeman shifts are not shown because they are inconsequential for a system with zero magnetization; (b) absorption images of atoms in the three spin components after Stern-Gerlach separation, showing efficient conversion of a condensate from a polar state into a TFS by sweeping q linearly from 3|c₂| to –3|c₂| in 3 s. Adapted from Ref. [35].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

map

[1]	Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 222 Google Scholar
[2]	Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 010401 Google Scholar
[3]	Giovannetti V, Lloyd S, Maccone L 2004 Science 306 1330 Google Scholar
[4]	Pezzè L, Smerzi A, Oberthaler M, Schmied R, Treutlein P 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 035005 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhou L, Long S, Tang B, Chen X, Gao F, Peng W, Duan W, Zhong J, Xiong Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhan M 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 013004 Google Scholar
[6]	Williams J, Chiow S, Yu N, Müller H 2016 New J. Phys. 18 025018 Google Scholar
[7]	Dickerson S, Hogan J, Sugarbaker A, Johnson D, Kasevich M 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 083001 Google Scholar
[8]	Graham P, Hogan J, Kasevich M, Rajendran S 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 171102 Google Scholar
[9]	Müntinga H, Ahlers H, Krutzik M, Wenzlawski A, Arnold S, Becker D, Bongs K, Dittus H, Duncker H, Gaaloul N, Gherasim C, Giese E, Grzeschik C, Hänsch T, Hellmig O, Herr W, Herrmann S, Kajari E, Kleinert S, Lämmerzahl C, Lewoczko-Adamczyk W, Malcolm J, Meyer N, Nolte R, Peters A, Popp M, Reichel J, Roura A, Rudolph J, Schiemangk M, Schneider M, Seidel S, Sengstock K, Tamma V, Valenzuela T, Vogel A, Walser R, Wendrich T, Windpassinger P, Zeller W, Zoest T, Ertmer W, Schleich W, Rasel E 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 093602 Google Scholar
[10]	Dolde F, Fedder H, Doherty M, Nöbauer T, Rempp F, Balsubramanian G, Wolf T, Reinhard F, Hollenberg L, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 459 Google Scholar
[11]	Cooper J, Hallwood D, Dunningham J 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 043624 Google Scholar
[12]	Boto A, Kok P, Abrams D, Braunstein S, Williams C, Dowling J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2733 Google Scholar
[13]	Ockeloen C, Schmied R, Riedel M, Treutlein P 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 143001 Google Scholar
[14]	Georgescu I 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 474 Google Scholar
[15]	Wasilewski W, Jensen K, Krauter H, Renema J, Balabas M, Polzik E 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 133601 Google Scholar
[16]	Ke Y, Huang J, Zhuang M, Lu B, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 053826 Google Scholar
[17]	Riedel M, Böhi P, Li Y, Hänsch T, Sinatra A, Treutlein P 2010 Nature 461 1170
[18]	Gross C, Zibold T, Nicklas E, Estève J, Oberthaler M 2010 Nature 464 1165 Google Scholar
[19]	Wineland D 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 1103 Google Scholar
[20]	Blatt R, Wineland D 2008 Nature 453 1008 Google Scholar
[21]	Leibfried D, DeMarco B, Meyer V, Rowe M, Ben-Kish A, Britton J, Itano W, Jelenković B, Langer C, Rosenband T, Wineland D 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 247901 Google Scholar
[22]	Huver S, Wildfeuer C, Dowling J 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 063828 Google Scholar
[23]	Afek I, Ambar O, Silberberg Y 2010 Science 328 879 Google Scholar
[24]	Fang K, Acosta V, Santori C, Huang Z, Itoh K, Watanabe H, Shikata S, Beausoleil R 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 130802 Google Scholar
[25]	Simmons S, Jones J, Karlen S, Ardavan A, Morton J 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 022330 Google Scholar
[26]	Nie X, Huang J, Li Z, Zheng W, Lee C, Peng X, Du J 2018 Sci. Bull. 63 469 Google Scholar
[27]	Nie X, Li J, Cui J, Luo Z, Huang J, Chen H, Lee C, Peng X, Du J 2015 New J. Phys. 17 053028 Google Scholar
[28]	Pham L, Bar-Gill N, Belthangady C, Le Sage D, Cappellaro P, Lukin M, Yacoby A, Walsworth R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 045214 Google Scholar
[29]	Demkowicz-Dobrzański R, Kołodyński J, Guţă M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1063 Google Scholar
[30]	Escher B, de Matos Filho R, Davidovich L 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 406 Google Scholar
[31]	Braunstein S 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 3598 Google Scholar
[32]	Braunstein S, Caves C 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 3439 Google Scholar
[33]	Huang J, Wu S, Zhong H, Lee C 2014 Annual Review of Cold Atoms and Molecules (Vol. 2) (World Scientific) p365
[34]	Lücke B, Scherer M, Kruse J, Pezzé L, Deuretzbacher F, Hyllus P, Topic O, Peise J, Ertmer W, Arlt J, Santos L, Smerzi A, Klempt C 2011 Science 334 773 Google Scholar
[35]	Luo X, Zou Y, Wu L, Liu Q, Han M, Tey M, You L 2017 Science 355 620 Google Scholar
[36]	Zou Y, Wu L, Liu Q, Luo X, Guo S, Cao J, Tey M, You L 2018 PNAS 115 6381 Google Scholar
[37]	Strobel H, Muessel W, Linnemann D, Zibold T, Hume D, Pezzè L, Smerzi A, Oberthaler M 2014 Science 345 424 Google Scholar
[38]	Wang X, Sanders B 2001 Phys. Rev. A 65 012303 Google Scholar
[39]	Ma J, Wang X, Sun C, Nori F 2011 Phys. Rep. 509 89 Google Scholar
[40]	Kitagawa M, Ueda M 1993 Phys. Rev. A 47 5138 Google Scholar
[41]	Lee C, Huang J, Deng H, Dai H, Xu J 2012 Front. Phys. 7 109 Google Scholar
[42]	Estève J, Gross C, Weller A, Giovanazzi S, Oberthaler M 2008 Nature 455 1216 Google Scholar
[43]	Berrada T, Frank S, Bücker R, Schumm T, Schaff J, Schmiedmayer J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2077 Google Scholar
[44]	Davis E, Bentsen G, Schleier-Smith M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 053601 Google Scholar
[45]	Fröwis F, Sekatski P, Dür W 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 090801 Google Scholar
[46]	Linnemann D, Strobel H, Muessel W, Schulz J, Lewis-Swan R, Kheruntsyan K, Oberthaler M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 013001 Google Scholar
[47]	Hosten O, Krishnakumar R, Engelsen N, Kasevich M 2016 Science 352 1552 Google Scholar
[48]	Lee C 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 150402 Google Scholar
[49]	Lee C 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 070401 Google Scholar
[50]	Hu Y, Feng M, Lee C 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 043604 Google Scholar
[51]	Luo C, Huang J, Zhang X, Lee C 2017 Phys. Rev. A 95 023608 Google Scholar
[52]	Zhuang M, Huang J, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 033603 Google Scholar
[53]	Ma J, Huang Y, Wang X, Sun C 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 039907 Google Scholar
[54]	You L 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 030402 Google Scholar
[55]	Huang J, Qin X, Zhong H, Ke Y, Lee C 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 17894
[56]	Huang J, Zhuang M, Lu B, Ke Y, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 98 012129 Google Scholar
[57]	Lau H, Dutton Z, Wang T, Simon C 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 090401 Google Scholar
[58]	Dooley S, Spiller T P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 012320 Google Scholar
[59]	Tanaka T, Knott P, Matsuzaki Y, Dooley S, Yamaguchi H, Munro W, Saito S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 170801 Google Scholar
[60]	Molmer K, Sorensen A 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1835 Google Scholar
[61]	Bhaktavatsala Rao D, Bar-Gill N, Kurizki G 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 010404 Google Scholar
[62]	Gerry C, Grobe R 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 2390 Google Scholar
[63]	Gerry C, Grobe R 1998 Phys. Rev. A 57 2247 Google Scholar
[64]	Recamier J, Castanos O, Jauregui R, Frank A 2000 Phys. Rev. A 61 063808 Google Scholar
[65]	Inoue R, Tanaka S, Namiki R, Sagawa T, Takahashi Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 163602 Google Scholar
[66]	Opatrny T, Molmer K 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 023845 Google Scholar
[67]	Kok P, Lee H, Dowling J 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 052104 Google Scholar
[68]	Nielsen A, Molmer K 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 063803 Google Scholar
[69]	Chen Y, Bao X, Yuan Z, Chen S, Zhao B, Pan J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 043601 Google Scholar
[70]	Lombardo D, Twamley J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 13884 Google Scholar
[71]	Signoles A, Facon A, Grosso D, Dotsenko I, Haroche S, Raimond J, Brune M, Gleyzes S 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 715 Google Scholar
[72]	Huang J, Zhuang M, Lee C 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 032116 Google Scholar
[73]	Lee C, Fu L, Kivshar Y 2008 EPL 81 60006 Google Scholar
[74]	Xing H, Wang A, Tan Q, Zhang W, Yi S 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 043615 Google Scholar
[75]	Yukawa E, Milburn G, Nemoto K 2018 Phys. Rev. A 97 013820 Google Scholar
[76]	Hatomura T 2018 New J. Phys. 20 015010 Google Scholar
[77]	Dunningham J, Burnett K 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 033601 Google Scholar
[78]	Campos R, Gerry C, Benmoussa A 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 023810 Google Scholar
[79]	Savas D, Peter W G, Jason M H, Mark A K 2008 Phys. Rev. D 78 122002 Google Scholar
[80]	Auzinsh M, Budker D, Kimball D F, Rochester S M, Stalnaker J E 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 173002 Google Scholar
[81]	Helm J, Billam T, Rakonjac A, Cornish S, Gardiner S 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 063201 Google Scholar
[82]	Nolan S, Sabbatini J, Bromley M, Davis M, Haine S 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 023616 Google Scholar
[83]	Kessler E, Kómár P, Bishof M, Jiang L, Sørensen A, Ye J, Lukin M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 190403 Google Scholar
[84]	Dorner U 2012 New J. Phys. 14 043011 Google Scholar
[85]	Weinstein J, Beloy K, Derevianko A 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 030302(R)Google Scholar

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超冷原子系综的非高斯纠缠态与精密测量