基于量子隐形传态的量子保密通信方案

杨璐; 马鸿洋; 郑超; 丁晓兰; 高健存; 龙桂鲁

doi:10.7498/aps.66.230303

摘要

量子保密通信包括量子密钥分发、量子安全直接通信和量子秘密共享等主要形式.在量子密钥分发和秘密共享中，传输的是随机数而不是信息，要再经过一次经典通信才能完成信息的传输.在量子信道直接传输信息的量子通信形式是量子安全直接通信.基于量子隐形传态的量子通信（简称量子隐形传态通信）是否属于量子安全直接通信尚需解释.构造了一个量子隐形传态通信方案，给出了具体的操作步骤.与一般的量子隐形传态不同，量子隐形传态通信所传输的量子态是计算基矢态，大大简化了贝尔基测量和单粒子操作.分析结果表明，量子隐形传态通信等价于包含了全用型量子密钥分发和经典通信的复合过程，不是量子安全直接通信，其传输受到中间介质和距离的影响，所以不比量子密钥分发更有优势.将该方案与量子密钥分发、量子安全直接通信和经典一次性便笺密码方案进行对比，通过几个通信参数的比较给出各个方案的特点，还特别讨论了各方案在空间量子通信方面的特点.

关键词:

Abstract

Quantum communication protects information security by means of the basic laws of quantum mechanics and has aroused the wide public interest over the recent years.Quantum communication consists of quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication,quantum teleportation,quantum dense coding,and quantum secret sharing.The purpose of quantum key distribution,quantum secure direct communication and quantum secret sharing is to protect the security of information and thus they are called quantum cryptography.In quantum key distribution and secret sharing,data transmitted in the quantum channel are random keys rather than information,and the information is sent through another classical communication.The direct communication of information through quantum channel is realized in quantum secure direct communication.In this paper,we present a protocol for quantum communication by using quantum teleportation (QCUQT),and analyze it in detail.First,we answer the question whether QCUQT is a type of quantum secure direct communication.In QCUQT,only computational basis states are teleported,and both the Bell-basis measurement and the single particle operations can be simplified.It is found that the QCUQT is equivalent to the combined process of a quantum key distribution plus a classical communication rather than a type of quantum secure direct communication.In order to read out the information in the quantum channel,classical communication is required by QCUQT.Some misunderstandings about QCUQT are discussed and clarified in the paper.It was mistaken that the transmission of quantum state in QCUQT is irrelevant to the channel noise nor the distance between two parties,and QCUQT can even be used to realize superluminal communication.Our study shows that the QCUQT is affected by the medium and also the distance between two parties,and it does not have an advantage over quantum key distribution,and cannot realize quantum superluminal communication either.We also compare the QCUQT with quantum key distribution,quantum secure direct communication,and classical one-time-pad in several aspects such as the nature of the data in quantum channel,the way of reading out the key,the way of transmitting messages,and the amount of data carried in the process.We also point out the characteristics of each type of communication.It is concluded that single-photon quantum key distribution is easier to realize than QCUQT because single-photon detection and generation are easier to realize than the Bell-basis measurement and generation of EPR pairs.In particular,we discuss the use of these protocols in space communication and it is suggested that quantum secure direct communication be a better choice in outer-space quantum communication because of the low loss in quantum channels there.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
清华大学物理系, 低维量子物理国家重点实验室, 北京 100084;

2.
通信网信息传输与分发技术重点实验室, 石家庄 050081;

3.
青岛理工大学理学院, 青岛 266033;

4.
北方工业大学理学院, 北京 100144;

5.
重庆大学通信工程学院, 重庆 400044;

6.
清华大学信息科学与技术国家实验室(筹), 北京 100084

通信作者: 龙桂鲁, gllong@tsinghua.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：91221205，11405093，11547035）、国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2015CB921002）和北方工业大学科研启动基金资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;

2.
Science and Technology Communication Network Laboratory, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;

3.
School of Sciences, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, China;

4.
College of Science, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China;

5.
College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;

6.
Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding author: Long Gui-Lu, gllong@tsinghua.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91221205, 11405093, 11547035), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB921002), and the Scientific Research Starting Foundation of North China University of Technology.

参考文献

[1]	Sun H B, Liu S J, Lin W P, Zhang K Y, L W, Huang X, Huo F W, Yang H R, Jenkins G, Zhao Q, Huang W 2014 Nat. Commun. 4 3601
[2]	Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, System and Signal Processing (Bangalore:IEEE) p175
[3]	Ekert A K 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661
[4]	Bennett C H, Brassard G, Mermin N D 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 557
[5]	Deng F G, Long G L 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042315
[6]	Deng F G, Long G L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 012311
[7]	Li X H, Deng F G, Zhou H Y 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 022321
[8]	Beige A, Englert B G, Kurtsiefer C, Weinfurter H 2002 Acta Phys. Pol. A 101 357
[9]	Yan F L, Zhang X 2004 Eur. Phys. J. B 41 75
[10]	Gao T, Fan F L, Wang Z X 2005 J. Phys. A 38 5761
[11]	Man Z X, Zhang Z J, Li Y 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 22
[12]	Zhu A D, Xia Y, Fan Q B, Zhang S 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 022338
[13]	Lee H, Lim J, Yang H 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 042305
[14]	Wang J, Zhang Q, Tang C J 2006 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 4 925
[15]	Wang J, Zhang Q, Tang C J 2006 Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 17 685
[16]	Wang H F, Zhang S, Yeon K H, Um C I 2006 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49 459
[17]	Chang Y, Zhang S B, Yan L L, Li J 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 2835
[18]	Li X H, Deng F G, Li C Y, Liang Y J, Zhou P, Zhou H Y 2006 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49 1354
[19]	Gao G, Fang M, Yang R M 2011 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50 882
[20]	Zhang C M, Li M, Yin Z Q, Li H W, Chen W, Han Z F 2015 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58 590301
[21]	Wu C F, Du Y N, Wang J D, Wei Z J, Qin X J, Zhao F, Zhang Z M 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 100302 (in Chinese)[吴承峰, 杜亚男, 王金东, 魏正军, 秦晓娟, 赵峰, 张智明 2016 65 100302]
[22]	Sun Y, Zhao S H, Dong C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 140304 (in Chinese)[孙颖, 赵尚弘, 东晨 2015 64 140304]
[23]	An X B, Yin Z Q, Han Z F 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 140303 (in Chinese)[安雪碧, 银振强, 韩正甫 2015 64 140303]
[24]	Deng F G, Long G L, Wang Y, Xiao L 2004 Chin. Phys. Lett 21 2097
[25]	Long G L, Liu X S 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032302
[26]	Deng F G, Long G L, Liu X S 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042317
[27]	Deng F G, Long G L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 052319
[28]	Wang C, Deng F G, Li Y S, Liu X S, Long G L 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 044305
[29]	Wang C, Deng F G, Long G L 2005 Opt. Commun. 253 15
[30]	Li X H, Li C Y, Deng F G, Zhou P, Liang Y J, Zhou H Y 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2149
[31]	Zhang W, Ding D S, Sheng Y B, Zhou L, Shi B S, Guo G C 2016 arXiv:1609.09184
[32]	Hu J Y, Yu B, Jing M Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T, Qin G Q, Long G L 2016 Light Sci. Appl. 5 e16144
[33]	Deng F G, Ren B C, Li X H 2017 Sci. Bull. 62 46
[34]	Gu B, Huang Y G, Fang X, Zhang C Y 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 100309
[35]	Ma H Y, Qin G Q, Fan X K, Chu P C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 160306 (in Chinese)[马鸿洋, 秦国卿, 范兴奎, 初鹏程 2015 64 160306]
[36]	Yang Y G 2013 Research on Protocols of Quantum Cryptography:Design and Analysis (Beijing:Science Press) pp60-88 (in Chinese)[杨宇光 2013 量子密码协议的设计和分析 (北京:科学出版社) 第60–88页]
[37]	Zhao X L, Li J L, Niu P H, Ma H Y, Ruan D 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 030302
[38]	Ren B C, Wei H R, Hua M, Li T, Deng F G 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 30
[39]	Cao Z W, Zhao G, Zhang S H, Feng X Y, Peng J Y 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 230301 (in Chinese)[曹正文, 赵光, 张爽浩, 冯晓毅, 彭进业 2016 65 230301]
[40]	Banerjee A, Pathak A 2012 Phys. Lett. A 376 2944
[41]	Pirandola S, Braunstein S L, Mancini S, Lloyd S 2008 Eur. Phys. Lett. 84 20013
[42]	Meslouhi A, Hassouni Y 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 2603
[43]	Zheng C, Long G F 2014 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 57 1238
[44]	Bennett C H, Brassard G, Crepeau C, Jozsa R, Peres A, Wootters W K 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895
[45]	Karlsson A, Bourennane M 1998 Phys. Rev. A 58 4394
[46]	Li X H, Ghose S 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 012320
[47]	Bennett C H, Wiesner S J 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 2881
[48]	Liu X S, Long G L, Tong D M, Li F 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 022304
[49]	Hillery M, Bužek V, Berthiaume A 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 1829
[50]	Karlsson A, Koashi M, Imoto N 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 162
[51]	Xiao L, Long G L, Deng F G, Pan J W 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 052307
[52]	Deng F G, Zhou H Y, Long G L 2006 J. Phys. A 39 14089
[53]	Li X H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 160307 (in Chinese)[李熙涵 2015 64 160307]
[54]	Yin J, Cao Y, Li Y H, Liao S K, Zhang L, Ren J G, Cai W Q, Liu W Y, Li B, Dai H, Li G B, Lu Q M, Gong Y H, Xu Y, Li S L, Li F Z, Yin Y Y, Jiang Z Q, Li M, Jia J J, Ren G, He D, Zhou Y L, Zhang X X, Wang N, Chang X, Zhu Z C, Liu N L, Chen Y A, Lu C Y, Shu R, Peng C Z, Wang J Y, Pan J W 2017 Science 356 1140
[55]	Yin H L, Chen T Y, Yu Z W, Liu H, You L X, Zhou Y H, Chen S J, Mao Y Q, Huang M Q, Zhang W J, Chen H, Li M J, Nolan D, Zhou F, Jiang X, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Wang X B, Pan J W 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 190501
[56]	Bouwmeester D, Pan J W, Mattle K, Eibl M, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 1997 Nature 390 575
[57]	Boschi D, Branca S, de Martini F, Hardy L, Popescu S 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1121
[58]	Furusawa A, Sorensen J L, Braunstein S L, Funchs C A, Kimble H 1998 Science 282 706
[59]	Nielsen M A, Knill E, Laflamme R 1998 Nature 396 52
[60]	Marcikic I, de Riedmatten H, Tittel W 2003 Nature 421 509
[61]	Barren M D, Chiaverini J, Schaetz T, Britton J, Itano W M, Jost J D, Knill E, Langer C, Leibfried D, Ozeri R, Wineland D J 2004 Nature 429 737
[62]	Riebe M, Haffner H, Roos C F, Hänsel W, Benhelm J, Lancaster G P T, Körber T W, Becher C, Schmidt-Kaler F, James D F V, Blatt R 2004 Nature 429 734
[63]	Ma X S, Herbst T, Scheidl T, Wang D Q, Kropatschek S, Naylor W, Wittmann B, Mech A, Kofler J, Anisimova E, Makarov V, Jennewein T, Ursin R, Zeilinger A 2012 Nature 489 269
[64]	Yin J, Ren J G, Lu H, Cao Y, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Liu C, Liao S K, Zhou F, Jiang Y, Cai X D, Xu P, Pan G S, Jia J J, Huang Y M, Yin H, Wang J Y, Chen Y A, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2012 Nature 488 185
[65]	Stevenson R M, Nilsson J, Bennett A J, SkibaSzymanska J, Farrer I, Ritchie D A, Shields A J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2859
[66]	Bussieres F, Clausen C, Tiranov A, Korah B, Verma V B, Nam S W, Marsili F, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Herrmann H, Silberhorn C, Sohler W, Afzelius M, Gisin N 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 775
[67]	Pfaff W, Hensen B, Bernien H, Dam S B V, Blok M S, Taminiau T H, Tiggelman M J, Schouten R N, Markham M, Twitchen D J, Hanson R 2014 Science 345 532
[68]	Wang X L, Cai X D, Su Z E, Chen M C, Wu D, Li L, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2015 Nature 518 516
[69]	Takesue H, Dyer S D, Stevens M J, Verma V, Mirin R P, Nam S W 2015 Optica 2 832
[70]	Xia X X, Sun Q C 2017 J. Inf. Secur. Res. 3 36
[71]	Duan L M, Lukin M D, Cirac J I, Zoller P 2001 Nature 414 413
[72]	Briegel H J, Dr W, Cirac J I, Zoller P 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5932
[73]	Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N 1935 Phys. Rev. 47 777
[74]	Ge H 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology) (in Chinese)[葛华 2014 博士学位论文 (武汉:华中科技大学)]
[75]	Long G L, Wang C, Li Y S, Deng F G 2011 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 41 332 (in Chinese)[龙桂鲁, 王川, 李岩松, 邓富国 2011 中国科学:物理力学天文学 41 332]
[76]	Peng C Z, Yang T, Zhang J, Jin X M, Feng F Y, Yang B, Yang J, Yin J, Zhang Q, Li N, Tian B L, Pan J W 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 150501
[77]	Salart D, Baas A, Branciard C, Gisin N, Zbinden H 2008 Nature 405 861
[78]	Yin J, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Peng C Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060307 (in Chinese)[印娟, 雍海林, 吴裕平, 彭承志 2011 60 060307]
[79]	Ursin R, Jennewein T, Kofler J, Perdigues J, Cacciapuoti L, Matos C J, Aspelmeyer M, Valencia A, Scheidl T, Fedrizzi A, Acin A, Barbieri C, Bianco G, Brukner C, Capmany J, Cova S, Giggenbach D, Leeb W, Hadfield R H, Laflamme R, Ltkenhaus N, Milburn G, Peev M, Ralph T, Rarity J, Renner R, Samain E, Solomos N, Tittel W, Torres J P, Toyoshima M, Ortigosa-Blanch A, Pruneri V, Villoresi P, Walmsley I, Weihs G, Weinfurter H, Zukowski M, Zeilinger A 2009 Europhys. News 40 26
[80]	Pfennigbauer M, Aspelmeyer M, Leeb W, Baister G, Dreischer T, Jennewein T, Neckamm G, Perdigues J, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2005 J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4 549
[81]	Bonato C, Tomaello A, Deppo V D, Naletto G, Villoresi P 2009 New J. Phys. 11 045017
[82]	Chen P, Cai Y X, Cai X F, Shi L H, Yu X T 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 040301 (in Chinese)[陈鹏, 蔡有勋, 蔡晓菲, 施丽慧, 余旭涛 2015 64 040301]
[83]	Vollmer C E, Schulze D, Eberle T, Händchen V, Fiurášek J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 230505
[84]	Xu F H, Qi B, Liao Z F, Lo H K 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 061101
[85]	Cao Y, Liang H, Yin J, Yong H L, Zhou F, Wu Y P, Ren J G, Li Y H, Pan G S, Yang T, Ma X, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2013 Opt. Express 21 27260
[86]	Zhang Y D 2006 Principles of Quantum Information Physics (Beijing:Science Press) pp146-154 (in Chinese)[张永德 2006 量子信息物理原理(北京:科学出版社) 第146–154页]
[87]	Dong L, Xiao R J, Ren Y P, Xiu X M 2014 Quantum Information Transmission over Noisy Channels (Shenyang:Northeastern University Press) pp27-29 (in Chinese)[董莉, 肖瑞杰, 任远鹏, 修晓明 2014 噪声信道中的量子信息传送(沈阳:东北大学出版社) 第27–29页]
[88]	Wang X B 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 050304
[89]	Zanardi P, Rasetti M 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 3306
[90]	Dong L, Xiao R J, Ren Y P, Xiu X M 2014 Quantum Information Transmission over Noisy Channels (Shenyang:Northeastern University Press) pp43-54 (in Chinese)[董莉, 肖瑞杰, 任远鹏, 修晓明 2014 噪声信道中的量子信息传送 (沈阳:东北大学出版社) 第43–54页]
[91]	Cirac J I, Zoller P, Kimble H J, Mabuchi H 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3221
[92]	Wang Q, Tan M Y, Liu Y, Zeng H S 2009 J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 125503
[93]	Brask J B, Jiang L, Gorshkov A V, Vuletic V, Sørensen A S, Lukin M D 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 020303
[94]	Sheng Y B, Deng F G 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 042332
[95]	Salemian S, Mohammadnejad S 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull. 56 618
[96]	Dong L, Xiu X M, Shen H Z, Gao Y J, Yi X X 2013 Opt. Commun. 308 304
[97]	Lin F H 1996 Microwave Communication and Satellite Communication (Beijing:Electronic Industry Press) pp1-86 (in Chinese)[林福华 1996 微波通信与卫星通信(北京:电子工业出版社) 第1–86页]
[98]	Liu D M, Sun J Q, Lu P 2016 Fiber Optics (Beijing:Science Press) p55 (in Chinese)[刘德明, 孙军强, 鲁平 2016 光纤光学 (北京:科学出版社) 第55页]
[99]	Vernam G S 1926 J. Amer. Inst. Elec. Eng. 55 109

施引文献

[1]	Sun H B, Liu S J, Lin W P, Zhang K Y, L W, Huang X, Huo F W, Yang H R, Jenkins G, Zhao Q, Huang W 2014 Nat. Commun. 4 3601
[2]	Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, System and Signal Processing (Bangalore:IEEE) p175
[3]	Ekert A K 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661
[4]	Bennett C H, Brassard G, Mermin N D 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 557
[5]	Deng F G, Long G L 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042315
[6]	Deng F G, Long G L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 70 012311
[7]	Li X H, Deng F G, Zhou H Y 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 022321
[8]	Beige A, Englert B G, Kurtsiefer C, Weinfurter H 2002 Acta Phys. Pol. A 101 357
[9]	Yan F L, Zhang X 2004 Eur. Phys. J. B 41 75
[10]	Gao T, Fan F L, Wang Z X 2005 J. Phys. A 38 5761
[11]	Man Z X, Zhang Z J, Li Y 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 22
[12]	Zhu A D, Xia Y, Fan Q B, Zhang S 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 022338
[13]	Lee H, Lim J, Yang H 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 042305
[14]	Wang J, Zhang Q, Tang C J 2006 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 4 925
[15]	Wang J, Zhang Q, Tang C J 2006 Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 17 685
[16]	Wang H F, Zhang S, Yeon K H, Um C I 2006 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49 459
[17]	Chang Y, Zhang S B, Yan L L, Li J 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 2835
[18]	Li X H, Deng F G, Li C Y, Liang Y J, Zhou P, Zhou H Y 2006 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49 1354
[19]	Gao G, Fang M, Yang R M 2011 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50 882
[20]	Zhang C M, Li M, Yin Z Q, Li H W, Chen W, Han Z F 2015 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58 590301
[21]	Wu C F, Du Y N, Wang J D, Wei Z J, Qin X J, Zhao F, Zhang Z M 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 100302 (in Chinese)[吴承峰, 杜亚男, 王金东, 魏正军, 秦晓娟, 赵峰, 张智明 2016 65 100302]
[22]	Sun Y, Zhao S H, Dong C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 140304 (in Chinese)[孙颖, 赵尚弘, 东晨 2015 64 140304]
[23]	An X B, Yin Z Q, Han Z F 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 140303 (in Chinese)[安雪碧, 银振强, 韩正甫 2015 64 140303]
[24]	Deng F G, Long G L, Wang Y, Xiao L 2004 Chin. Phys. Lett 21 2097
[25]	Long G L, Liu X S 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032302
[26]	Deng F G, Long G L, Liu X S 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042317
[27]	Deng F G, Long G L 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 052319
[28]	Wang C, Deng F G, Li Y S, Liu X S, Long G L 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 044305
[29]	Wang C, Deng F G, Long G L 2005 Opt. Commun. 253 15
[30]	Li X H, Li C Y, Deng F G, Zhou P, Liang Y J, Zhou H Y 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2149
[31]	Zhang W, Ding D S, Sheng Y B, Zhou L, Shi B S, Guo G C 2016 arXiv:1609.09184
[32]	Hu J Y, Yu B, Jing M Y, Xiao L T, Jia S T, Qin G Q, Long G L 2016 Light Sci. Appl. 5 e16144
[33]	Deng F G, Ren B C, Li X H 2017 Sci. Bull. 62 46
[34]	Gu B, Huang Y G, Fang X, Zhang C Y 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 100309
[35]	Ma H Y, Qin G Q, Fan X K, Chu P C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 160306 (in Chinese)[马鸿洋, 秦国卿, 范兴奎, 初鹏程 2015 64 160306]
[36]	Yang Y G 2013 Research on Protocols of Quantum Cryptography:Design and Analysis (Beijing:Science Press) pp60-88 (in Chinese)[杨宇光 2013 量子密码协议的设计和分析 (北京:科学出版社) 第60–88页]
[37]	Zhao X L, Li J L, Niu P H, Ma H Y, Ruan D 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 030302
[38]	Ren B C, Wei H R, Hua M, Li T, Deng F G 2013 Eur. Phys. J. D 67 30
[39]	Cao Z W, Zhao G, Zhang S H, Feng X Y, Peng J Y 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 230301 (in Chinese)[曹正文, 赵光, 张爽浩, 冯晓毅, 彭进业 2016 65 230301]
[40]	Banerjee A, Pathak A 2012 Phys. Lett. A 376 2944
[41]	Pirandola S, Braunstein S L, Mancini S, Lloyd S 2008 Eur. Phys. Lett. 84 20013
[42]	Meslouhi A, Hassouni Y 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 2603
[43]	Zheng C, Long G F 2014 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 57 1238
[44]	Bennett C H, Brassard G, Crepeau C, Jozsa R, Peres A, Wootters W K 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895
[45]	Karlsson A, Bourennane M 1998 Phys. Rev. A 58 4394
[46]	Li X H, Ghose S 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 012320
[47]	Bennett C H, Wiesner S J 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 2881
[48]	Liu X S, Long G L, Tong D M, Li F 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 022304
[49]	Hillery M, Bužek V, Berthiaume A 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 1829
[50]	Karlsson A, Koashi M, Imoto N 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 162
[51]	Xiao L, Long G L, Deng F G, Pan J W 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 052307
[52]	Deng F G, Zhou H Y, Long G L 2006 J. Phys. A 39 14089
[53]	Li X H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 160307 (in Chinese)[李熙涵 2015 64 160307]
[54]	Yin J, Cao Y, Li Y H, Liao S K, Zhang L, Ren J G, Cai W Q, Liu W Y, Li B, Dai H, Li G B, Lu Q M, Gong Y H, Xu Y, Li S L, Li F Z, Yin Y Y, Jiang Z Q, Li M, Jia J J, Ren G, He D, Zhou Y L, Zhang X X, Wang N, Chang X, Zhu Z C, Liu N L, Chen Y A, Lu C Y, Shu R, Peng C Z, Wang J Y, Pan J W 2017 Science 356 1140
[55]	Yin H L, Chen T Y, Yu Z W, Liu H, You L X, Zhou Y H, Chen S J, Mao Y Q, Huang M Q, Zhang W J, Chen H, Li M J, Nolan D, Zhou F, Jiang X, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Wang X B, Pan J W 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 190501
[56]	Bouwmeester D, Pan J W, Mattle K, Eibl M, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 1997 Nature 390 575
[57]	Boschi D, Branca S, de Martini F, Hardy L, Popescu S 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1121
[58]	Furusawa A, Sorensen J L, Braunstein S L, Funchs C A, Kimble H 1998 Science 282 706
[59]	Nielsen M A, Knill E, Laflamme R 1998 Nature 396 52
[60]	Marcikic I, de Riedmatten H, Tittel W 2003 Nature 421 509
[61]	Barren M D, Chiaverini J, Schaetz T, Britton J, Itano W M, Jost J D, Knill E, Langer C, Leibfried D, Ozeri R, Wineland D J 2004 Nature 429 737
[62]	Riebe M, Haffner H, Roos C F, Hänsel W, Benhelm J, Lancaster G P T, Körber T W, Becher C, Schmidt-Kaler F, James D F V, Blatt R 2004 Nature 429 734
[63]	Ma X S, Herbst T, Scheidl T, Wang D Q, Kropatschek S, Naylor W, Wittmann B, Mech A, Kofler J, Anisimova E, Makarov V, Jennewein T, Ursin R, Zeilinger A 2012 Nature 489 269
[64]	Yin J, Ren J G, Lu H, Cao Y, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Liu C, Liao S K, Zhou F, Jiang Y, Cai X D, Xu P, Pan G S, Jia J J, Huang Y M, Yin H, Wang J Y, Chen Y A, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2012 Nature 488 185
[65]	Stevenson R M, Nilsson J, Bennett A J, SkibaSzymanska J, Farrer I, Ritchie D A, Shields A J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2859
[66]	Bussieres F, Clausen C, Tiranov A, Korah B, Verma V B, Nam S W, Marsili F, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Herrmann H, Silberhorn C, Sohler W, Afzelius M, Gisin N 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 775
[67]	Pfaff W, Hensen B, Bernien H, Dam S B V, Blok M S, Taminiau T H, Tiggelman M J, Schouten R N, Markham M, Twitchen D J, Hanson R 2014 Science 345 532
[68]	Wang X L, Cai X D, Su Z E, Chen M C, Wu D, Li L, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2015 Nature 518 516
[69]	Takesue H, Dyer S D, Stevens M J, Verma V, Mirin R P, Nam S W 2015 Optica 2 832
[70]	Xia X X, Sun Q C 2017 J. Inf. Secur. Res. 3 36
[71]	Duan L M, Lukin M D, Cirac J I, Zoller P 2001 Nature 414 413
[72]	Briegel H J, Dr W, Cirac J I, Zoller P 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5932
[73]	Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N 1935 Phys. Rev. 47 777
[74]	Ge H 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology) (in Chinese)[葛华 2014 博士学位论文 (武汉:华中科技大学)]
[75]	Long G L, Wang C, Li Y S, Deng F G 2011 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 41 332 (in Chinese)[龙桂鲁, 王川, 李岩松, 邓富国 2011 中国科学:物理力学天文学 41 332]
[76]	Peng C Z, Yang T, Zhang J, Jin X M, Feng F Y, Yang B, Yang J, Yin J, Zhang Q, Li N, Tian B L, Pan J W 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 150501
[77]	Salart D, Baas A, Branciard C, Gisin N, Zbinden H 2008 Nature 405 861
[78]	Yin J, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Peng C Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060307 (in Chinese)[印娟, 雍海林, 吴裕平, 彭承志 2011 60 060307]
[79]	Ursin R, Jennewein T, Kofler J, Perdigues J, Cacciapuoti L, Matos C J, Aspelmeyer M, Valencia A, Scheidl T, Fedrizzi A, Acin A, Barbieri C, Bianco G, Brukner C, Capmany J, Cova S, Giggenbach D, Leeb W, Hadfield R H, Laflamme R, Ltkenhaus N, Milburn G, Peev M, Ralph T, Rarity J, Renner R, Samain E, Solomos N, Tittel W, Torres J P, Toyoshima M, Ortigosa-Blanch A, Pruneri V, Villoresi P, Walmsley I, Weihs G, Weinfurter H, Zukowski M, Zeilinger A 2009 Europhys. News 40 26
[80]	Pfennigbauer M, Aspelmeyer M, Leeb W, Baister G, Dreischer T, Jennewein T, Neckamm G, Perdigues J, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2005 J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4 549
[81]	Bonato C, Tomaello A, Deppo V D, Naletto G, Villoresi P 2009 New J. Phys. 11 045017
[82]	Chen P, Cai Y X, Cai X F, Shi L H, Yu X T 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 040301 (in Chinese)[陈鹏, 蔡有勋, 蔡晓菲, 施丽慧, 余旭涛 2015 64 040301]
[83]	Vollmer C E, Schulze D, Eberle T, Händchen V, Fiurášek J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 230505
[84]	Xu F H, Qi B, Liao Z F, Lo H K 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 061101
[85]	Cao Y, Liang H, Yin J, Yong H L, Zhou F, Wu Y P, Ren J G, Li Y H, Pan G S, Yang T, Ma X, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2013 Opt. Express 21 27260
[86]	Zhang Y D 2006 Principles of Quantum Information Physics (Beijing:Science Press) pp146-154 (in Chinese)[张永德 2006 量子信息物理原理(北京:科学出版社) 第146–154页]
[87]	Dong L, Xiao R J, Ren Y P, Xiu X M 2014 Quantum Information Transmission over Noisy Channels (Shenyang:Northeastern University Press) pp27-29 (in Chinese)[董莉, 肖瑞杰, 任远鹏, 修晓明 2014 噪声信道中的量子信息传送(沈阳:东北大学出版社) 第27–29页]
[88]	Wang X B 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 050304
[89]	Zanardi P, Rasetti M 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 3306
[90]	Dong L, Xiao R J, Ren Y P, Xiu X M 2014 Quantum Information Transmission over Noisy Channels (Shenyang:Northeastern University Press) pp43-54 (in Chinese)[董莉, 肖瑞杰, 任远鹏, 修晓明 2014 噪声信道中的量子信息传送 (沈阳:东北大学出版社) 第43–54页]
[91]	Cirac J I, Zoller P, Kimble H J, Mabuchi H 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3221
[92]	Wang Q, Tan M Y, Liu Y, Zeng H S 2009 J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 125503
[93]	Brask J B, Jiang L, Gorshkov A V, Vuletic V, Sørensen A S, Lukin M D 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 020303
[94]	Sheng Y B, Deng F G 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 042332
[95]	Salemian S, Mohammadnejad S 2011 Chin. Sci. Bull. 56 618
[96]	Dong L, Xiu X M, Shen H Z, Gao Y J, Yi X X 2013 Opt. Commun. 308 304
[97]	Lin F H 1996 Microwave Communication and Satellite Communication (Beijing:Electronic Industry Press) pp1-86 (in Chinese)[林福华 1996 微波通信与卫星通信(北京:电子工业出版社) 第1–86页]
[98]	Liu D M, Sun J Q, Lu P 2016 Fiber Optics (Beijing:Science Press) p55 (in Chinese)[刘德明, 孙军强, 鲁平 2016 光纤光学 (北京:科学出版社) 第55页]
[99]	Vernam G S 1926 J. Amer. Inst. Elec. Eng. 55 109

[1]	周贤韬, 江英华, 郭晓军, 彭展. 带双向身份认证的基于单光子和Bell态混合的量子安全直接通信方案. , 2023, 72(13): 130302. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221972
[2]	周贤韬, 江英华. 带身份认证的量子安全直接通信方案. , 2023, 72(2): 020302. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221684
[3]	危语嫣, 高子凯, 王思颖, 朱雅静, 李涛. 基于单光子双量子态的确定性安全量子通信. , 2022, 71(5): 050302. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20210907
[4]	龚黎华, 陈振泳, 徐良超, 周南润. 基于高维单粒子态的双向半量子安全直接通信协议. , 2022, 71(13): 130304. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211702
[5]	赵宁, 江英华, 周贤韬. 基于单光子的高效量子安全直接通信方案. , 2022, 71(15): 150304. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220202
[6]	王明宇, 王馨德, 阮东, 龙桂鲁. 量子直接传态. , 2021, 70(19): 190301. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210837
[7]	郑晓毅, 龙银香. 基于cluster态的信道容量可控的可控量子安全直接通信方案. , 2017, 66(18): 180303. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.180303
[8]	刘志昊, 陈汉武. 基于Bell态粒子和单光子混合的量子安全直接通信方案的信息泄露问题. , 2017, 66(13): 130304. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.130304
[9]	曹正文, 赵光, 张爽浩, 冯晓毅, 彭进业. 基于Bell态粒子和单光子混合的量子安全直接通信方案. , 2016, 65(23): 230301. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.230301
[10]	李熙涵. 量子直接通信. , 2015, 64(16): 160307. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.160307
[11]	马鸿洋, 秦国卿, 范兴奎, 初鹏程. 噪声情况下的量子网络直接通信. , 2015, 64(16): 160306. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.160306
[12]	张沛, 周小清, 李智伟. 基于量子隐形传态的无线通信网络身份认证方案. , 2014, 63(13): 130301. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.130301
[13]	周南润, 宋汉冲, 龚黎华, 刘晔. 基于GHZ态的三方量子确定性密钥分配协议. , 2012, 61(21): 214203. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.214203
[14]	宋汉冲, 龚黎华, 周南润. 基于量子远程通信的连续变量量子确定性密钥分配协议. , 2012, 61(15): 154206. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.154206
[15]	何锐, Bing He. 量子隐形传态的新方案. , 2011, 60(6): 060302. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.060302
[16]	魏正军, 万伟, 王金东, 廖常俊, 刘颂豪. 一种基于确定性量子密钥分发误码判据的相位调制器半波电压的精确测定方法. , 2011, 60(9): 094216. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.094216.1
[17]	王天银, 秦素娟, 温巧燕, 朱甫臣. 多方控制的量子安全直接通信协议的分析及改进. , 2008, 57(12): 7452-7456. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.7452
[18]	杜建忠, 陈秀波, 温巧燕, 朱甫臣. 保密多方量子求和. , 2007, 56(11): 6214-6219. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.6214
[19]	王剑, 陈皇卿, 张权, 唐朝京. 多方控制的量子安全直接通信协议. , 2007, 56(2): 673-677. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.673
[20]	刘传龙, 郑亦庄. 纠缠相干态的量子隐形传态. , 2006, 55(12): 6222-6228. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.6222

计量

文章访问数: 10679
PDF下载量: 572
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

搜索

留言板