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栅极系统是离子推力器的主要组件，其透过率特性对推力器的效率和推力具有重要影响.为了进一步优化栅极性能和有效评估离子推力器效率，对离子推力器栅极透过率径向分布进行研究.采用particle-In-Cell-Monte Carlo Collision数值仿真方法对束流引出过程进行了模拟.分析了屏栅、加速栅以及栅极系统的透过率随栅孔引出束流离子数量的变化关系，结合放电室出口离子密度分布，进而分别得到屏栅透过率、加速栅透过率和栅极系统透过率的径向分布特性，最后进行实验验证.研究结果表明：屏栅透过率径向分布具有中心对称性，在推力器中心有最小值，从中心沿着径向逐渐增大；加速栅透过率径向分布与屏栅透过率变化趋势相反；栅极系统透过率受加速栅透过率的影响很小，其径向分布与屏栅透过率径向分布相近；离子推力器栅极总透过率随着束流增大而缓慢减小.研究结果可为离子推力器栅极优化提供参考.The optical system is one of the main components of an ion thruster, which consists of electrically biased multi-aperture grids. The grid design is critical to the ion thruster operation since its transparency has an important influence on the thruster efficiency and thrust. To further optimize the optical system performance and evaluate effectively the efficiency of ion thruster, the optical transparency radial distribution of ion thruster is analyzed and discussed in experiment and simulation. The process of beam extraction is simulated by the particleincell-Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) method, and the movement of the ions is investigated by the PIC method while the collisions of particles are handled by the MCC method. Then the interdependency among the transparency of screen grid, the accelerator grid, optics system and the number of ion extracted is analyzed. Taking into account the distribution of ion density at the exit of discharge chamber, the radial distribution of the screen grid transparency, accelerator grid transparency and optical system transparency are acquired. An experiment is performed to verify the simulation based derivation, indicating the good agreement between experimental and simulation results. The results show that the radial distribution of screen grid transparency increases gradually along the radial direction and has a good central axial symmetry, and its minimum value is located in the center of the thruster while the maximum value is near the margin region of screen gird. The radial distribution of accelerator grid transparency is opposite to that of the screen grid transparency, which decreases along the radial direction, and its maximum value is located at the axis of the thruster. The radial distribution of optical system transparency is the same as that of the screen grid transparency. And its minimum value is in the center of optics system, which indicates that the effect of accelerator grid transparency on the optical system transparency is little. In addition, the study also finds that the total optical transparency of ion thruster decreases slowly as the beam current increases. This work will provide a lot of support for the optimal design of ion thruster optics system.
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Keywords:
- ion thruster /
- optics /
- transparency /
- particle in cell
[1] Porst J P, Kuhmann J, Kukies R, Leiter H 2015 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, Hyogo-Kobe Japan, July 4-10, 2015 p2015-b-2901
[2] Hutchins M, Simpson H, Palencia Jiménez J 2015 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium Hyogo-Kobe, Japan, July 4-10, 2015 p2015-b-1311
[3] Chen M L, Xia G Q, Mao G W 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 182901(in Chinese)[陈茂林, 夏广庆, 毛根旺2014 63 182901]
[4] Zhang T P, Wang X Y, Jiang H C 2013 Presented at the 33th International Electric Propulsion Conference Washington, USA, 2013 p2013-48-1
[5] Chen J J, Zhang T P, Jia Y H, Li X P 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 2469(in Chinese)[陈娟娟, 张天平, 贾艳辉, 李小平2012强激光与粒子束流24 2469]
[6] Zhou Z C, Wang M, Zhong X Q, Chen J J, Zhang T P 2015 Chin. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. 35 1088(in Chinese)[周志成, 王敏, 仲小清, 陈娟娟, 张天平2015真空科学与技术学报35 1088]
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[8] Brophy J R 1990 Presented at the 21th International Electric Propulsion Conference California, USA, 1990 p90-2655-1
[9] Arakawa Y, Nakano M 1996 Presented at the 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences Vista, USA, 1996 p96-3198-1
[10] Wirz R, Goebel D M 2008 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 17 035010
[11] Haag T, Soulas G C 2002 Presented at the 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences Indianapolis, Indiana, 2002 p2003-4557-1
[12] Anderson J, Goodfellow K, Polk J, Shotwell R, Rawlin V, Sovey J, Patterson M 1999 Presented at the 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences California USA, 1999 p99-2857-1
[13] Chen M L, Xia G Q, Yang Z Y, Zhang B, Xu Z Q, Mao G W 2014 High Voltage Engineering 40 3012(in Chinese)[陈茂林, 夏广庆, 杨正岩, 张斌, 徐宗琦, 毛根旺2014高电压技术40 3012]
[14] Li J, Chu Y C, Cao Y 2012 J. Propul. Technol. 33 131(in Chinese)[李娟, 楚豫川, 曹勇2012推进技术33 131]
[15] Wang M, Gu Z, Xu J L 2013 Vacuum&Cryogenics 19 95(in Chinese)[王蒙, 顾左, 徐金灵2013真空与低温19 95]
[16] Zhong L W, Liu Y, Li J, Gu Z, Jiang H C, Wang H X, Tang H B 2010 Chin. J. Aeronaut. 23 15
[17] Hu W P, Sang C F, Tang T F, Wang D Z, Li M, Jin D Z, Tan X H 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 033510
[18] Liu H, Wu B, Yu D, Cao Y, Duan P 2010 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 43 165202
[19] Boer P 1997 J. Propul. Power 13 783
[20] Wang J, Polk J, Brophy J, Katz J 2003 J. Propul. Power 19 1192
[21] Herman D A, Gallimore A D 2013 Presented at the 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences Florida USA 2013 p2004-3794-1
[22] Zheng M F, Jiang H C 2011 J. Propul. Technol. 32 762(in Chinese)[郑茂繁, 江豪成2011推进技术32 762]
[23] Farnell C C, Williams J D 2010 J. Propul. Power 26 125
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[1] Porst J P, Kuhmann J, Kukies R, Leiter H 2015 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, Hyogo-Kobe Japan, July 4-10, 2015 p2015-b-2901
[2] Hutchins M, Simpson H, Palencia Jiménez J 2015 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium Hyogo-Kobe, Japan, July 4-10, 2015 p2015-b-1311
[3] Chen M L, Xia G Q, Mao G W 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 182901(in Chinese)[陈茂林, 夏广庆, 毛根旺2014 63 182901]
[4] Zhang T P, Wang X Y, Jiang H C 2013 Presented at the 33th International Electric Propulsion Conference Washington, USA, 2013 p2013-48-1
[5] Chen J J, Zhang T P, Jia Y H, Li X P 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 2469(in Chinese)[陈娟娟, 张天平, 贾艳辉, 李小平2012强激光与粒子束流24 2469]
[6] Zhou Z C, Wang M, Zhong X Q, Chen J J, Zhang T P 2015 Chin. J. Vacuum Sci. Technol. 35 1088(in Chinese)[周志成, 王敏, 仲小清, 陈娟娟, 张天平2015真空科学与技术学报35 1088]
[7] Kaufman H R 1999 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 8 R1
[8] Brophy J R 1990 Presented at the 21th International Electric Propulsion Conference California, USA, 1990 p90-2655-1
[9] Arakawa Y, Nakano M 1996 Presented at the 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences Vista, USA, 1996 p96-3198-1
[10] Wirz R, Goebel D M 2008 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 17 035010
[11] Haag T, Soulas G C 2002 Presented at the 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences Indianapolis, Indiana, 2002 p2003-4557-1
[12] Anderson J, Goodfellow K, Polk J, Shotwell R, Rawlin V, Sovey J, Patterson M 1999 Presented at the 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences California USA, 1999 p99-2857-1
[13] Chen M L, Xia G Q, Yang Z Y, Zhang B, Xu Z Q, Mao G W 2014 High Voltage Engineering 40 3012(in Chinese)[陈茂林, 夏广庆, 杨正岩, 张斌, 徐宗琦, 毛根旺2014高电压技术40 3012]
[14] Li J, Chu Y C, Cao Y 2012 J. Propul. Technol. 33 131(in Chinese)[李娟, 楚豫川, 曹勇2012推进技术33 131]
[15] Wang M, Gu Z, Xu J L 2013 Vacuum&Cryogenics 19 95(in Chinese)[王蒙, 顾左, 徐金灵2013真空与低温19 95]
[16] Zhong L W, Liu Y, Li J, Gu Z, Jiang H C, Wang H X, Tang H B 2010 Chin. J. Aeronaut. 23 15
[17] Hu W P, Sang C F, Tang T F, Wang D Z, Li M, Jin D Z, Tan X H 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 033510
[18] Liu H, Wu B, Yu D, Cao Y, Duan P 2010 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 43 165202
[19] Boer P 1997 J. Propul. Power 13 783
[20] Wang J, Polk J, Brophy J, Katz J 2003 J. Propul. Power 19 1192
[21] Herman D A, Gallimore A D 2013 Presented at the 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, Joint Propulsion Conferences Florida USA 2013 p2004-3794-1
[22] Zheng M F, Jiang H C 2011 J. Propul. Technol. 32 762(in Chinese)[郑茂繁, 江豪成2011推进技术32 762]
[23] Farnell C C, Williams J D 2010 J. Propul. Power 26 125
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