直剪颗粒体系声波探测

张祺; 李寅阊; 刘锐; 蒋亦民; 厚美瑛

doi:10.7498/aps.61.234501

摘要

建立了声波监测系统,探测颗粒体系在直剪过程中声速与剪切应力的变化关系. 发现声速在剪切开始后随着剪切应力的增加会迅速减小.而在应力达到屈服点之后, 声速变化逐渐变缓并趋近于一个稳定值.剪切作用对声速变化的影响小于20%, 而非所预测由于剪切带的形成,声波(尤其是横向波)的振动无法通过剪切带而使得探测的飞行速度变为零. 这是由于直剪的应变率甚低于声波的频率,直剪的颗粒体系可被视为局部区域膨胀的准静态的弹塑固体. 结合等效介质理论和颗粒弹性理论对以上结果进行了解释和讨论.

关键词:

颗粒固体 /
直剪 /
剪切带 /
声速

Abstract

Acoustic signal is used to study the mechanical properties of dense granular system under direct shear. In the process of direct shearing, it is found that the velocity of the sound wave decreases rapidly with the increase of shear stress. After the yield point of stress, with the increase of strain, the velocity of the propagating wave decreases gradually and attains a constant. The net reduction in velocity is found to be less than 20%, which differs from the fact that acoustic wave (especially the transverse wave) could not propagate through the shear band. This is because the direct shear strain rate is far smaller than the frequency of sound wave, and particles under shear can be regarded as quasi-static elastic-plastic solid. Effective medium theory and granular dlastic theory are employed for explaining these results.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
武汉大学物理科学与技术学院,人工微纳结构教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430072;

2.
中国科学院物理研究所,北京凝聚态国家重点实验室, 北京 100190;

3.
中南大学物理科学与技术学院, 长沙 410083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11034010) 和地震行业科研经费(批准号: 201208011)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory Artificial Micro-and Nano-structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;

2.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

3.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11034010) and Special Fund for Earthquake Research (Grant No. 201208011).

参考文献

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[7]	Liu C H, Nagel S R 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15646
[8]	Liu C H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 782
[9]	Jia X P, Caroli C, Velicky B 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1863
[10]	Jia X P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 154303
[11]	Jia X P, Laurent J, Khidas Y, Langlois V 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 4327
[12]	Tournat V, Gusev V 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 011306
[13]	Inserra C, Tournat V, Gusev V 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 191916
[14]	Bonneau L, Catelin-Jullien T, Andreotti B 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 011309
[15]	Khidas Y, Jia X P In: Nakagawa M, Luding S (editors) 2009 Powders {& Grains} 1145 259
[16]	Digby P J 1981 J. Appl. Mech. 48 803
[17]	Makse H A, Gland N, Johnson D L, Schwartz L 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 061302
[18]	Velicky B, Caroli C 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 021307
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[21]	Song C M, Wang P, Makse H A 2008 Nature 453 629
[22]	Cui L, Sullivan C O 2006 Geotechnique 56 455
[23]	Duffy J, Mindlin R D 1957 J. Appl. Mech. 24 585
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施引文献

[1]	Jaeger H M, Nagel S R, Behringer R P 1996 Rev. Mod. Phys. 68 1259
[2]	Travers T, Ammi M, Bideau D, Gervois A 1987 Europhys. Lett. 4 329
[3]	Liu C H, Nagel S R, Schecter D A 1995 Science 269 5223
[4]	Majmudar T S, Behringer R P 2005 Nature 435 1079
[5]	Lasic S, Stepisnik J, Mohoric A 2006 Europhys. Lett. 6 887
[6]	Liu C H, Nagel S R 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 2301
[7]	Liu C H, Nagel S R 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15646
[8]	Liu C H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 782
[9]	Jia X P, Caroli C, Velicky B 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1863
[10]	Jia X P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 154303
[11]	Jia X P, Laurent J, Khidas Y, Langlois V 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 4327
[12]	Tournat V, Gusev V 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 011306
[13]	Inserra C, Tournat V, Gusev V 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 191916
[14]	Bonneau L, Catelin-Jullien T, Andreotti B 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 011309
[15]	Khidas Y, Jia X P In: Nakagawa M, Luding S (editors) 2009 Powders {& Grains} 1145 259
[16]	Digby P J 1981 J. Appl. Mech. 48 803
[17]	Makse H A, Gland N, Johnson D L, Schwartz L 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 061302
[18]	Velicky B, Caroli C 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 021307
[19]	Johnson D L, Schwartz L M, Elata D, Berryman J G, Hornby B, Norris A N 1998 J. Appl. Mech. 65 380
[20]	Khidas Y, Jia X P 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 021303
[21]	Song C M, Wang P, Makse H A 2008 Nature 453 629
[22]	Cui L, Sullivan C O 2006 Geotechnique 56 455
[23]	Duffy J, Mindlin R D 1957 J. Appl. Mech. 24 585
[24]	Bi Z W, Sun Q C, Liu J G, Jin F, Zhang C H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 034502 (in Chinese) [毕忠伟, 孙其诚, 刘建国, 金峰, 张楚汉 2011 60 034502]
[25]	Jiang Y M, Liu M 2009 Granular Matter 11 139
[26]	Mayer M, Liu M 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 042301
[27]	Jiang Y M, Liu M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 144301
[28]	Jiang Y M, Liu M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 105501
[29]	Zhang Q, Hou M Y, Jiang Y M, Liu M 2012 Phys. Rev. E 86 031306

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