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稀土元素的原子结构特殊，具有内层未成对4f轨道电子多、原子磁矩高、自旋轨道耦合作用强的性质，故其电子能级极为丰富，易形成多种价态、多种配位的化合物，通常表现出特殊的磁学性质和丰富的磁畴结构，成为高新技术产业发展的关键材料。这类材料中复杂的磁结构形式、多样的磁耦合类型及多种直接或间接的磁交换作用，为开发新型功能器件提供便利的同时，也对基础研究提出了严峻挑战。随着数据挖掘技术的快速发展，大数据和人工智能的出现给研究人员提供了一个新的选择，可以高效地分析大量实验和计算数据，从而加速稀土磁性材料的研究与开发。本文围绕稀土永磁材料、稀土磁致冷材料、稀土磁致伸缩材料等，详细阐述了数据挖掘技术在其性能预测、成分与工艺优化、微观结构分析等方面的应用进展，深入探讨了当前面临的挑战，并对未来发展趋势进行展望，为推动数据挖掘技术与稀土磁性材料研究的深度融合提供理论基础。Rare-earth elements possess unique atomic structures characterized by multiple unpaired 4f orbital electrons in inner shells, high atomic magnetic moments, and strong spin-orbit coupling. These attributes endow them with rich electronic energy levels, enabling the formation of compounds with diverse valence states and coordination environments. Consequently, rare-earth materials often exhibit exceptional magnetic properties and complex magnetic domain structures, making them critical for high-tech industrial development. The intricate magnetic configurations, diverse types of magnetic coupling, and direct/indirect magnetic exchange interactions in these materials not only facilitate the development of novel functional devices but also pose significant challenges to fundamental research. With the rapid advancement of data mining techniques, the emergence of big data and artificial intelligence has provided researchers with a new approach to efficiently analyze vast experimental and computational datasets, thereby accelerating the exploration and development of rare-earth magnetic materials. This paper focuses on rare-earth permanent magnetic materials, rare-earth magnetocaloric materials, and rare-earth magnetostrictive materials, detailing the application progress of data mining techniques in property prediction, composition and process optimization, and microstructural analysis. It also delves into current challenges and future trends, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for deepening the integration of data mining technologies with rare-earth magnetic material research.
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Keywords:
- Data mining /
- Rare earth magnetic material /
- Machine learning /
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