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The Kapitza’s pendulum is inverted pendulum that is dynamically stabilized by a fast driving of its pivot point. Many applications of Kapitza stabilization in quantum systems have been proposed, such as optical molasses, the stability of optical resonators, preparation of molecular ions, the breaking of translation symmetry, the periodically driven sine-Gordon model, polariton Rabi oscillation, the stabilization of bright solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate, and so on. In particular, Kapitza stabilization can be used to trap particles. The most notable example of such an application is the Paul trap.
Recently, the Kapitza trap is created by superimposing time-tuned focused laser beams to produce a periodic driven harmonic potential for ultracold atomic gases. This work opens up new possibilities to study Floquet systems of ultracold atomic gases. So we consider the periodic driven harmonic potential, and investigate the properties of soliton in ultracold atomic gases by numerical simulations. It is interesting found that, when the soliton is located at the center of the harmonic potential, a resonance phenomenon of soliton amplitude oscillation occurs under specific driven frequency. In addition, the oscillation amplitude increases with the increasing of the trapping frequency of the harmonic potential, and the resonance frequency increases with the increasing of the soliton initial amplitude.
The change of driven frequency and initial phase has a significant effect on soliton motion when the soliton is located at the edge of the harmonic potential. When the initial phase is zero, there is a characteristic driven frequency. For the case of the driven frequency is equal to the characteristic frequency, soliton motion exhibits periodic oscillations. For the case of the driven frequency is slightly lower than the characteristic frequency, the resonance of soliton oscillation can be found. While the driving frequency is slightly higher than the characteristic frequency, the anti-resonance of soliton oscillation can be found. In addition, it was found that the characteristic driven frequency increases linearly with the increasing of the trapping frequency of the harmonic potential. When the initial phase is not equal to zero, the irregular oscillation, quasi-periodic oscillation and periodic oscillation can be observed with increasing driven frequency. While the driven frequency is equal to a specific value, the resonance of soliton oscillation can also obtained. Furthermore, the fast driving has no effect on the motion trajectory of solitons. These results can provide help for the precise controlling of ultracold atomic gases.-
Keywords:
- ultracold atomic gases /
- soliton /
- periodic modulated
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