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声学斯格明子模式是一种在声学结构表面产生的速度场矢量拓扑纹理结构, 这种受保护的矢量分布为先进的声音信息处理、传输和数据存储提供了新的维度. 本文设计了一种波导和螺旋结构的组合结构, 利用定向声源激发波导模式传输进而实现对局域型声学斯格明子模式的选择性激发. 通过理论分析和数值仿真, 研究了自旋声源、Huygens声源、Janus声源在此结构中激发的压力场分布以及速度场分布, 展示了组合结构中声表面波的定向传输性质和选择性激发的声学斯格明子模式. 这种波导激发方式是一种激发声学斯格明子模式的新手段, 使得声学斯格明子模式的激发更加灵活. 并且这种波导激发的方式在更复杂和更大规模的声学系统中有着重要的应用潜力, 研究结果可能促进对声学近场物理的对称性理解, 为利用声波操控粒子开辟新的路径, 还可能为设计先进声学器件开辟新途径.Acoustic skyrmion modes are topological texture structures of velocity field vectors generated on the surface of acoustic structures. This protected vector distribution provides new dimensions for processing advanced sound information, transmission, and data storage. In this study, a combined structure of waveguides and spiral structures is designed by using directional acoustic sources to excite waveguide mode transmission, thereby achieving selective excitation of localized acoustic skyrmion modes. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, the pressure field distribution and velocity field distribution excited by spin acoustic sources, Huygens acoustic sources, and Janus acoustic sources in this structure are investigated, demonstrating the directional transmission properties of acoustic surface waves and the selectively excited acoustic skyrmion modes in the combined structure. Numerical calculations reveal that when the spin acoustic source excites acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide, the acoustic skyrmion modes in the helical structure in the direction corresponding to the propagation are selectively excited. When the Huygens source excites acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide, the acoustic skyrmion modes in the right or left direction are selectively excited. However, when the Janus source excites acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide, the acoustic skyrmion modes in the upward or downward direction are selectively excited. This waveguide excitation method is a new means of exciting acoustic skyrmion modes, making the excitation of acoustic skyrmion modes more flexible. Moreover, this waveguide excitation method has significant potential applications in more complex and larger-scale acoustic systems. The research results may promote the understanding of the symmetry in acoustic near-field physics, open up new ways for manipulating particles by using sound waves, and also pave the way for designing advanced acoustic devices.
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图 1 (a) 组合结构示意图; (b) 不同波导宽度$ {\mathrm{Q}}{\mathrm{U}}{\mathrm{O}}{\mathrm{T}}{\mathrm{E}}{\mathrm{W}}{\mathrm{W}} $的色散关系曲线; (c)螺旋结构示意图; (d) 声学斯格明子模式图
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of combination structure; (b) dispersion relation curves for different waveguide widths $ W $; (c) schematic diagram of spiral structure; (d) acoustic skyrmion pattern diagram.
图 2 (a) 顺时针旋转的自旋声源激发声表面波沿波导定向传播示意图; (b) 声表面波沿上方波导向右传播的声压强度变化曲线图; (c) 声表面波沿波导前后向传输比随频率变化的曲线图; (d) 声表面波沿下方波导向左传播的声压强度变化曲线图
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of the directional propagation of surface acoustic waves along a waveguide excited by a clockwise rotating spin acoustic source; (b) graph of the variation of sound pressure intensity of surface acoustic waves propagating to the right along the upper waveguide; (c) graph of the ratio of forward and backward transmission of surface acoustic waves along the waveguide as a function of frequency; (d) graph of the variation in sound pressure intensity of surface acoustic waves propagating to the left along the lower waveguide.
图 3 (a) 顺时针旋转的自旋声源激发的组合结构中压力场分布; (b) 顺时针旋转的自旋声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (c) 逆时针旋转的自旋声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (d) 逆时针旋转的自旋声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式
Fig. 3. (a) Pressure field distribution in a combined structure excited by a clockwise rotating spin source; (b) acoustic skyrmion modes in combinatorial structures excited by clockwise rotating spin sources; (c) pressure field distribution in a combined structure excited by a counterclockwise rotating spin source; (d) acoustic skyrmion modes in combinatorial structures excited by counterclockwise rotating spin sources.
图 4 (a) 声学表面波沿波导向1号方向传播的示意图; (b) 螺旋结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (c) 声学表面波沿波导向2号方向传播; (d) 螺旋结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (e) 声学表面波沿波导向3号方向传播; (f) 螺旋结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (g) 声学表面波沿波导向4号方向传播; (h) 螺旋结构中的声学斯格明子模式
Fig. 4. (a) Schematic diagram of acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide in the direction of No.1; (b) acoustic skyrmion modes in helical structures; (c) schematic diagram of acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide in the direction of No.2; (d) acoustic skyrmion modes in helical structures; (e) schematic diagram of acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide in the direction of No.3; (f) acoustic skyrmion modes in helical structures; (g) schematic diagram of acoustic surface waves propagating along the waveguide in the direction of No.4; (h) acoustic skyrmion modes in helical structures.
图 5 (a) 前向的Huygens声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (b) 前向的Huygens声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (c) 后向的Huygens声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (d) 后向的Huygens声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式
Fig. 5. (a) Pressure field distribution in the combined structure excited by a forward Huygens sound source; (b) acoustic skyrmion modes in the composite structure excited by forward Huygens sound sources; (c) pressure field distribution in the combined structure excited by a backward Huygens sound source; (d) acoustic skyrmion modes in composite structures excited by backward Huygens acoustic sources.
图 6 (a) 向上的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (b) 向上的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (c) 向下的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (d) 向下的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式
Fig. 6. (a) Pressure field distribution in a combined structure excited by an upward Janus source; (b) acoustic skyrmion modes in combinatorial structures excited by upward Janus sources; (c) pressure field distribution in a combined structure excited by a downward Janus source; (d) acoustic skyrmion modes in combinatorial structures excited by downward Janus sources.
图 7 (a) 向上的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (b) 向上的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式; (c) 向下的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的压力场分布; (d) 向下的Janus声源激发的组合结构中的声学斯格明子模式
Fig. 7. (a) Pressure field distribution in a combined structure excited by an upward Janus source; (b) acoustic skyrmion modes in combinatorial structures excited by upward Janus sources; (c) pressure field distribution in a combined structure excited by a downward Janus source; (d) acoustic skyrmion modes in combinatorial structures excited by downward Janus sources.
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