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等离子体自发旋转对托卡马克装置的约束性能和稳定性十分重要。能否有效地诱导等离子体自发旋转来致稳电阻壁模对国际热核聚变实验堆（International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor，ITER）的稳定运行尤为关键。在韩国先进超导托卡马克（Korea Superconducting TokamakAavanced Research，KSTAR）装置上首次实验证明了在特定参数下，共振磁扰动（Resonant Magnetic Perturbation，RMP）产生的新经典环向粘滞（Neoclassical Torodial Viscosity，NTV）力矩能够驱动等离子体旋转。在东方超环托卡马克（Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak，EAST）的RMP实验中同样也观测到了RMP加入后等离子体旋转在同电流方向增加的实验现象，与KSTAR不同，EAST上模拟计算的NTV力矩比实验测得RMP产生的力矩小2个量级，说明存在NTV以外的机制驱动等离子体旋转。在EAST的实验中，旋转速度增大的同时也伴随有 E × B 速度的明显变化，并且与实验测量得到的RMP产生的力矩分布一致，表明 E × B 剪切的变化产生的残余应力可能是导致RMP加入后旋转速度增大的原因。实验的统计结果也表明，RMP对环向旋转的驱动效果与湍流强度有关，进一步验证了RMP加入 E × B 剪切产生的残余应力是驱动环向旋转变化的主要机制。Plasma spontaneous rotation significantly influences confinement performance and stability in tokamaks. Effectively inducing this rotation is essential for stabilizing resistive wall modes (RWMs) and ensuring the stable operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Recent experiments on the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device demonstrated that resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) can induce neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque under certain conditions, successfully driving plasma rotation. Similarly, an increase in plasma rotation in the direction of the plasma current following RMP application has been observed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). However, unlike the KSTAR findings, NTV torque simulations for EAST are two orders of magnitude lower than experimental measurements, suggesting additional mechanisms beyond NTV may be driving the observed plasma rotations. To investigate these mechanisms, momentum balance, causality, and statistical analyses have been performed at EAST. An increase in rotation velocity has been found to correlate with significant changes in the E × B flow, matching the RMP-induced torque distribution. This alignment suggests that residual stress, arising from variations in E × B shear, may drive the observed rotation increases. The effects of stochastic fields on multi-scale turbulence are proposed as a possible explanation for correlations between E × B velocity and toroidal rotation. Stochastic fields appear to enhance the inertia of large-scale turbulence while driving small-scale turbulence to maintain quasi-neutrality. The resulting turbulent Reynolds stress, generated by small-scale turbulence, may account for the observed E × B velocity increases during RMP application. Statistical analysis further highlights the importance of island width in understanding the threshold RMP current in ramping-up RMP experiments, supporting the conclusion that turbulence-driven E × B shear-related residual stress is the key mechanism driving plasma rotation following RMP application.
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Keywords:
- tokamak /
- momentum transport /
- intrinsic rotation /
- RMP
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