基于波束-波数域非相干匹配的浅海运动声源深度估计方法

周玉媛; 孙超; 谢磊; 刘宗伟

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20222361

摘要

浅海波导运动声源定位研究中, 在声源距离未知时估计声源深度一直是个具有挑战性的问题. 现有深度估计方法对声源未知初始距离敏感, 且要求声源运动形成的水平合成孔径长度远大于模态干涉长度. 针对这两个问题, 本文提出一种基于波束-波数域非相干匹配的浅海运动声源深度估计方法, 首先将垂直阵接收声压数据在深度和水平合成孔径方向分别进行波束形成变换到波束-波数域, 波束-波数平面的峰值幅度仅包含与声源深度有关的模态激励, 峰值位置与模态传播角和水平波数相对应; 然后, 在波束-波数平面内提取各峰值幅度, 并与拷贝计算的模态深度函数进行非相干匹配, 实现声源深度估计. 所提方法在波束-波数二维平面内进行模态分离, 消除了声源距离相关项, 提高了模态分辨能力, 可在声源初始距离未知和水平合成孔径长度小于模态干涉长度的情况下实现声源深度估计. 仿真和SWellEx-96实验数据处理结果验证了所提方法的优越性能.

关键词:

Abstract

Estimating the depth of a moving source with unknown source range is always a challenging problem in shallow water waveguides. The method of estimating the current motion source depth is sensitive to the unknown initial range and requires the horizontal synthetic aperture length formed by the motion of the source to be much longer than the modal interference period. Presented in this work is a method to estimate the depth of moving source based on the incoherently matched beam-wavenumber. In the beam-wavenumber domain, each peak amplitude only contains the modal excitation related to source depth, and each peak position corresponds to the mode propagation angle and the horizontal wavenumber. In this method, the received data are first used to perform beam-formed transformation in the vertical depth and horizontal synthetic aperture direction, and transformed into the beam-wavenumber domain. Then beam-wavenumber peak amplitudes are extracted and incoherently matched with the modal depth function to estimate the source depth. The proposed method is used to eliminate the unknown distance dependent term and improves the mode resolution by performing mode separation in the beam-wavenumber two-dimensional domain. The prominent feature of this method lies in realizing the source depth estimation at the unknown initial range and the horizontal synthetic aperture length which is smaller than the mode interference period. The simulation and SWellEx-96 experimental data processing results validate the superior performance of the proposed method.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
西北工业大学航海学院, 西安　710072

2.
西北工业大学, 陕西省水下信息技术重点实验室, 西安　710072

3.
西北工业大学青岛研究院, 青岛　266200

4.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 青岛　266061

通信作者: 孙超, csun@nwpu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11904342, 12274348, 11534009)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustic and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

3.
Qingdao Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Qingdao 266200, China

4.
First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China

Corresponding author: Sun Chao, csun@nwpu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11904342, 12274348, 11534009).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Premus V E 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104 1837
[2]	Premus V E, Helfrick M N 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133 4019 Google Scholar
[3]	Conan E, Bonnel J, Chaonavel T 2016 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140 434 Google Scholar
[4]	Conan E, Bonnel J, Nicolas B 2017 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 142 2776 Google Scholar
[5]	曹怀刚, 赵振东, 郭圣明, 马力 2020 声学学报 6 802 Cao H G, Zhao Z D, Ma L 2020 Acta. Acustica. 6 802
[6]	刘志韬, 郭良浩, 闫超 2019 声学学报 44 28 Liu Z T, Guo L H, Yan C 2019 Acta. Acustica. 44 28
[7]	Bucker H P 1976 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59 368 Google Scholar
[8]	Yang T C 1990 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87 2072 Google Scholar
[9]	Shang E C 1985 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77 1413 Google Scholar
[10]	Yang T C 1987 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82 1736 Google Scholar
[11]	Yang T C, Bogart C W 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 1677 Google Scholar
[12]	Lopatka M, Touzé G L, Nicolas B, Cristol L 2006 Eurasip J. Adv. Sig. Pr. 65901
[13]	李焜, 方世良, 安良 2013 62 094303 Google Scholar Li K, Fang S L, An L 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 094303 Google Scholar
[14]	Reeder B D 2014 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136 2120
[15]	Yang T C 2015 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137 2986 Google Scholar
[16]	Yang T C, Xu W 2016 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140 EL302 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhang J G, Yang T C, Zheng G Y 2021 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 EL 026002
[18]	Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (New York: Springer) pp629–630, 355, 359
[19]	Katsnelson B, Petnikov V, Lynch J 2012 Fundamentals of Shallow Water Acoustics (Boston: Springer) p86
[20]	Murray J, Ensberg D The SWellEx-96 Experiment http://swellex96.ucsd.edu/ (Last viewed December 2022)
[21]	Porter M B 1992 The KRAKEN Normal Mode Program (Washington DC: Naval Research Laboratory)

施引文献

图 1 垂直阵和水平运动声源位置示意图

Fig. 1. Vertical array and the position of the horizontal moving source.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 仿真环境

Fig. 2. Simulation environment.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 前50阶模态的变化规律　(a) 9 m和54 m声源的模态激励; (b) 模态水平波数和模态传播角; (c) 模态深度函数幅值

Fig. 3. The change regulation of the first 50 propagating modes: (a) Mode excitations of 9 m and 54 m sources; (b) mode horizontal wavenumber and propagation angle; (c) the depth-dependent mode function.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 9, 54和70 m声源深度下的仿真结果　(a) 10—11 km的波束输出; (b) 波束-波数输出; (c) 归一化的波束幅度和波束-波数幅度对比; (d) IMBWP和IMBP方法的归一化深度模糊函数对比

Fig. 4. Simulation results at 9, 54 and 70 m source depths: (a) Beam output from 10 km to 11 km; (c) beam-wavenumber output; (c) normalized beam amplitude and beam-to-wavenumber amplitude comparison; (d) normalized ambiguity functions comparison between IMBWP and IMBP methods.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同水平合成孔径长度下IMBWP方法对54 m声源的仿真结果对比(a), (b) 0.25 km和2.5 km水平合成孔径长度下的波束-波数输出; (c) 归一化深度模糊函数

Fig. 5. Comparison of simulated data by IMBWP method at different synthetic aperture lengths: (a), (b) Beam-wavenumber outputs at 0.25 km and 2.5 km synthetic aperture lengths, respectively; (c) normalized depth ambiguity function.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同水平合成孔径长度下IMBWP和IMBP方法的深度估计绝对误差仿真结果对比(a)—(c) 9, 54和70 m声源; (d) IMBWP估计10—90 m声源所需最小水平合成孔径长度

Fig. 6. Comparison of depth estimation absolute error for simulated data by IMBWP and IMBP methods at different synthetic aperture length: (a)–(c) 9, 54 and 70 m source; (d) IMBWP method estimates the minimum synthetic aperture length required for 10–90 m sources.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同初始距离下IMBWP和IMBP方法的深度估计绝对误差仿真结果对比(a)—(c) 9, 54和70 m声源; (d) 10—90 m声源在500个随机初始距离处的深度估计绝对误差均值和标准差

Fig. 7. Comparison of depth estimation absolute error for simulated data by IMBWP and IMBP methods at different initial ranges: (a)–(c) 9, 54 and 70 m source; (d) mean and standard deviation of depth estimation absolute errors for 10–90 m sources at 500 random initial ranges.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 SWellEx-96测线S5实验声源船轨迹　(a) 发射船轨迹和垂直阵位置; (b) 声源距离随时间变化

Fig. 8. The SWellEx-96 Event S5 launch ship track: (a) The path of a ship towed two sources and the vertical line array location; (b) source range varies with time.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同水平合成孔径长度下, IMBWP和IMBP方法对9 m浅源的深度估计绝对误差

Fig. 9. Depth estimation absolute error of experimental data for the 9 m source by IMBWP and IMBP methods at different synthetic aperture length.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同水平合成孔径长度下IMBWP和IMBP方法对54 m声源实验数据的深度估计结果　(a)—(c) D₁, D₂和D₃数据段; (d) D₁—D₃数据段深度估计的平均绝对误差

Fig. 10. Depth estimation of experimental data for the 54 m source by IMBWP and IMBP methods at different synthetic aperture length: (a)–(c) D₁, D₂ and D₃ data segment; (d) depth estimation average absolute errors of D₁– D₃ data segments.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同初始距离下9 m和54 m声源实验数据的深度估计结果　(a) IMBWP和IMBP方法的深度估计绝对误差对比; (b) IMBWP方法的归一化深度模糊函数伪彩图

Fig. 11. Depth estimation of experimental data for 9 m and 54 m sources at different initial ranges: (a) Comparison of depth estimation absolute errors between IMBWP and IMBP method; (b) normalized depth ambiguity surface of IMBWP method.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 D₁—D₃数据段对应时间和距离

Table 1. The time and range of D₁–D₃ data segments.

数据段时间/min 距离/km

D₁ 1.7—18.2 8.4—6.2
D₂ 22.4—36.4 5.3—3.3
D₃ 39.7—57.4 3.2—1.5

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Premus V E 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104 1837
[2]	Premus V E, Helfrick M N 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133 4019 Google Scholar
[3]	Conan E, Bonnel J, Chaonavel T 2016 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140 434 Google Scholar
[4]	Conan E, Bonnel J, Nicolas B 2017 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 142 2776 Google Scholar
[5]	曹怀刚, 赵振东, 郭圣明, 马力 2020 声学学报 6 802 Cao H G, Zhao Z D, Ma L 2020 Acta. Acustica. 6 802
[6]	刘志韬, 郭良浩, 闫超 2019 声学学报 44 28 Liu Z T, Guo L H, Yan C 2019 Acta. Acustica. 44 28
[7]	Bucker H P 1976 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59 368 Google Scholar
[8]	Yang T C 1990 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87 2072 Google Scholar
[9]	Shang E C 1985 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77 1413 Google Scholar
[10]	Yang T C 1987 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82 1736 Google Scholar
[11]	Yang T C, Bogart C W 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 1677 Google Scholar
[12]	Lopatka M, Touzé G L, Nicolas B, Cristol L 2006 Eurasip J. Adv. Sig. Pr. 65901
[13]	李焜, 方世良, 安良 2013 62 094303 Google Scholar Li K, Fang S L, An L 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 094303 Google Scholar
[14]	Reeder B D 2014 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136 2120
[15]	Yang T C 2015 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137 2986 Google Scholar
[16]	Yang T C, Xu W 2016 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 140 EL302 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhang J G, Yang T C, Zheng G Y 2021 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 EL 026002
[18]	Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (New York: Springer) pp629–630, 355, 359
[19]	Katsnelson B, Petnikov V, Lynch J 2012 Fundamentals of Shallow Water Acoustics (Boston: Springer) p86
[20]	Murray J, Ensberg D The SWellEx-96 Experiment http://swellex96.ucsd.edu/ (Last viewed December 2022)
[21]	Porter M B 1992 The KRAKEN Normal Mode Program (Washington DC: Naval Research Laboratory)

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基于波束-波数域非相干匹配的浅海运动声源深度估计方法