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为获得更优性能的无铟透明导电薄膜, 需要在不损害薄膜透光性的同时提高导电性能. 本文采用紫外光刻和磁控溅射, 在Cu网格的表面覆盖Al掺杂的ZnO (ZnO:Al, AZO) 薄膜, 制备透明导电的AZO/Cu网格复合膜. Cu网格的线宽低至15 μm, 透光性极高, 并且导电性能得到大幅度改善, 覆盖稳定的透明导电AZO薄膜为Cu网格提供屏障保护. 通过六边形网格形状的设计和工艺参数的优化, 制备出的复合膜的可见光波段透过率达到86.4%, 方块电阻降低至4.9 Ω/sq, 同时实现了高透光性和高导电性. 成本低廉、光电性能好且环境稳定的AZO/Cu网格复合膜在透明电子领域具有广泛的应用前景, 将其用于透明电加热膜, 可在较低电压下实现快速、均匀、稳定的电热响应, 有望作为透明的面发热膜应用于除雾除霜玻璃、热疗贴膜等.Transparent conductive films (TCFs) play an indispensable role in optoelectronic devices because of their high conductivity and high optical transmittance. In order to obtain indium-free transparent conductive films with better performance, we need to improve the conductivity, while not damaging the transmittance. Metal mesh is highly conductive but prone to oxidation and abrasion, while transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is stable but less conductive. Thus, we composite the metal mesh with the stable TCO to achieve complementary advantages. In this work, we fabricate a hexagonal Cu mesh and then cover the Cu mesh with Al-doped ZnO (AZO) film by using lithography and magnetron sputtering. The line width and length of mesh are 15 µm and 150 µm, respectively, which are not visible to the naked eye. The effect of AZO growth temperature on the properties of such AZO/Cu mesh composite film is studied and the optimal temperature is 300 ℃. By designing the mesh and optimizing the process, the transmittance (400–800 nm), sheet resistance and FoM of AZO/ Cu mesh composite film reach 86.4%, 4.9 Ω/sq and 4.73 × 10–2 Ω–1, respectively, thus possessing both transparent and conductive property. Because of its low cost, competitive optoelectronic performance and stability, the potential applications of AZO/Cu mesh composite film in transparent electronics are fantastic. When used as a transparent conductor to connect LED to 3 V DC power, the luminance of LED in series with AZO/Cu mesh composite film is lighter than that of AZO film and Cu mesh. According to the Ohmic heating effect of electric current passing through a conductor, AZO/Cu mesh composite film can be designed as electric heating film. At low voltage safe for human body, AZO/Cu mesh composite film can implement fast, uniform and stabile heat. In the cyclic electric heating test, the AZO/Cu mesh composite film can be heated rapidly to 175 ℃ all the time, showing a fast temperature response and stable cyclic performance. More importantly, the AZO is itself transparent and conductive and prevents the metal from oxidizing effectively, thus ensuring the overall performance and maintaining the electric heating response. The experimental result and simulation application show that the AZO/Cu mesh composite film has a great potential application in transparent and heating film for defogging and defrosting glass.
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Keywords:
- ZnO /
- metal mesh /
- transparent conductive film /
- electric heating film
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图 1 AZO/Cu网格复合薄膜的(a)—(d) 制备和(e) 电加热测试示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the (a)–(d) fabrication and (e) electric heating test of AZO/Cu mesh composite film.
图 2 不同AZO生长温度下制备的AZO/Cu网格复合膜的XRD图
Fig. 2. XRD patterns of AZO/Cu mesh composite films deposited at different AZO growth temperatures.
图 3 在(a) 100 ℃, (b) 200 ℃, (c) 300 ℃, (d) 400 ℃生长AZO后制备的AZO/Cu网格复合膜的SEM图; 300 ℃生长AZO后制备的AZO/Cu网格复合膜的(e)光学显微镜图和(f)照片
Fig. 3. SEM images of AZO/Cu mesh composite films deposited at different AZO growth temperatures of (a) 100 ℃, (b) 200 ℃, (c) 300 ℃, (d) 400 ℃; (e) microscope image and (f) photo of AZO/Cu mesh composite film when AZO is grown at 300 ℃.
图 4 (a) AZO/Cu网格复合膜的电阻率、霍尔迁移率、载流子浓度与AZO生长温度的关系; (b) AZO/Cu网格复合膜的透射光谱 (AZO生长温度为300 ℃); (c) AZO/Cu网格复合膜的平均透过率(400—800 nm)、品质因数与AZO生长温度的关系; (d) 现有TCFs的性能对比
Fig. 4. (a) Resistivity, Hall mobility and carrier concentrations of AZO/Cu mesh composite films as a function of AZO growth temperatures; (b) transmission spectrum of AZO/Cu mesh composite film (AZO is grown at 300 ℃); (c) average transmittance (400–800 nm) and FoM of AZO/Cu mesh composite film as a function of AZO growth temperatures; (d) performance comparison of TCFs.
图 5 (a)不同厚度的AZO/Cu网格复合膜在5 V下的温度响应; (b)分别与AZO透明电极、AZO/Cu网格复合透明电极、Cu网格透明电极串联的LED在3 V电压下的发光亮度
Fig. 5. (a) Temperature response of AZO/Cu mesh composite films of different thickness at 5 V; (b) luminance of LED in series with AZO, AZO/Cu mesh composite film, and Cu mesh under 3 V.
图 6 红外相机拍摄AZO/Cu网格复合膜表面温度分布的(a)装置图及所得到的(b)红外热分布图; AZO/Cu网格复合膜与单层Cu网格、单层AZO膜在5 V下的(c)温度响应和(d)循环性能
Fig. 6. (a) Measurement setup and (b) the thermal radiation of AZO/Cu mesh composite film measured with an infrared camera; (c) temperature response and (d) cyclic performance of AZO/Cu mesh composite film, Cu mesh and AZO film at 5 V.
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[1] 刘宏燕, 颜悦, 望咏林, 伍建华, 张官理, 厉蕾 2015 航空材料学报 35 63
Google Scholar
Liu H Y, Yan Y, Wang Y L, Wu J H, Zhang G L, Li L 2015 J. Aeronautical Mater. 35 63
Google Scholar
[2] 刘世丽, 辛智青, 李修, 方一, 李亚玲, 莫黎昕, 李路海 2015 功能材料与器件学报 21 13
Liu S L, Xin Z Q, Li X, Fang Y, Li Y L, Mo L X, Li L H 2015 J. Functional Mater. Dev. 21 13
[3] 杨桢林, 费纯纯, 成程, 张宏梅 2019 发光学报 40 238
Google Scholar
Yang Z L, Fei C C, Cheng C, Zhang H M 2019 Chin. J. Luminescence 40 238
Google Scholar
[4] Hautcoeur J, Colombel F, Himdi M, Castel X, Cruz E M 2013 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 12 933
Google Scholar
[5] Zhao Z Y, Xia K Q, Hou Y, Zhang Q H, Ye Z Z, Lu J G 2021 Chem. Soc. Rev. 50 12702
Google Scholar
[6] Bel Hadj Tahar R, Ban T, Ohya Y, Takahashi Y 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 2631
Google Scholar
[7] 廖亚琴, 李愿杰, 黄添懋 2014 东方电气评论 28 13
Google Scholar
Liao Y Q, Li Y J, Huang T M 2014 Dongfang Electric. Review 28 13
Google Scholar
[8] Lu J G, Fujita S, Kawaharamura T, Nishinaka H, Kamada Y, Ohshima T, Ye Z Z, Zeng Y J, Zhang Y Z, Zhu L P, He H P, Zhao B H 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 083705
Google Scholar
[9] Lu J G, Ye Z Z, Zeng Y J, Zhu L P, Wang L, Yuan J, Zhao B H, Liang Q L 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 073714
Google Scholar
[10] 李佳, 杨晔, 朱科, 魏铁锋, 王木钦, 朱超挺, 宋伟杰 2015 中国科学: 技术科学 45 941
Google Scholar
Li J, Yang Y, Zhu K, Wei T F, Wang M Q, Zhu C T, Song W J 2015 Sci. Sin. Technol. 45 941
Google Scholar
[11] Jiang Q J, Lu J G, Yuan Y L, Cai H, Zhang J, Deng N, Ye Z Z 2014 Mater. Lett. 123 14
Google Scholar
[12] Gong L, Lu J, Ye Z 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 3870
Google Scholar
[13] Wang Y P, Lu J G, Bie X, Ye Z Z, Li X, Song D, Zhao X Y, Ye W Y 2011 Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 5966
Google Scholar
[14] Qin L H, Yan Y Q, Yu G, Zhang Z Y, Zhama T, Sun H 2021 Materials (Basel) 14 4097
Google Scholar
[15] Catrysse P B, Fan S 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2944
Google Scholar
[16] Afshinmanesh F, Curto A G, Milaninia K M, van Hulst N F, Brongersma M L 2014 Nano Lett. 14 5068
Google Scholar
[17] Jang C, Jiang Q J, Lu J G, Ye Z Z 2015 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 31 1108
Google Scholar
[18] Khan A, Lee S, Jang T, Xiong Z, Zhang C, Tang J, Guo L J, Li W D 2016 Small 12 3021
Google Scholar
[19] Liu W, Fang Y, Xu Y F, Li X, Li L H 2014 Sci. China Tech. Sci. 57 2536
Google Scholar
[20] Choi K H, Kim J Y, Lee Y S, Kim H J 1999 Thin Solid Films 341 152
Google Scholar
[21] 杨田林, 张之圣, 宋淑梅, 李延辉, 吕茂水, 韩圣浩, 庞智勇 2009 太阳能学报 30 1209
Google Scholar
Yang T L, Zhang Z S, Song S M, Li Y H, Lv M S, Han S H, Pang Z Y 2009 Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica 30 1209
Google Scholar
[22] Wang Y P, Lu J G, Bie X, Gong L, Li X, Song D, Zhao X Y, Ye W Y, Ye Z Z 2011 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 29 031505
Google Scholar
[23] Sahu D R, Huang J L 2007 Microelectron. J. 38 299
Google Scholar
[24] Chen Z, Li W, Li R, Zhang Y, Xu G, Cheng H 2013 Langmuir 29 13836
Google Scholar
[25] Tran N H, Duong T H, Kim H C 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 15093
Google Scholar
[26] Jiu J, Nogi M, Sugahara T, Tokuno T, Araki T, Komoda N, Suganuma K, Uchida H, Shinozaki K 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 23561
Google Scholar
[27] Li L, Fan Q, Xue H, Zhang S, Wu S, He Z, Wang J 2020 Rsc Adv. 10 9894
Google Scholar
[28] Zhu C, Tan R, Song W, Ouyang B, Cai M, Zhou S, Lu Y, Li N 2018 Mater. Res. Express. 5 066427
Google Scholar
[29] Zhou W X, Chen J, Li Y, Wang D B, Chen J Y, Feng X M, Huang Z D, Liu R Q, Lin X J, Zhang H M, Mi B X, Ma Y W 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 11122
Google Scholar
[30] Kang J, Kim H, Kim K S, Lee S K, Bae S, Ahn J H, Kim Y J, Choi J B, Hong B H 2011 Nano Lett. 11 5154
Google Scholar
[31] Kim Y, Lee H R, Saito T, Nishi Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 153301
Google Scholar
[32] Vosgueritchian M, Lipomi D J, Bao Z 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 421
Google Scholar
[33] Kim Y H, Sachse C, Machala M L, May C, Müller-Meskamp L, Leo K 2011 Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 1076
Google Scholar
[34] Li H, Liu Y, Su A, Wang J, Duan Y 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 17998
Google Scholar
[35] Kim T H, Choi B H, Park J S, Lee S M, Lee Y S, Park L S 2010 Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 520 485
Google Scholar
[36] Acosta M, Mendez-Gamboa J, Riech I, Acosta C, Zambrano M 2019 Superlattices Microstruct. 127 49
Google Scholar
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