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高功率单频光纤激光在引力波探测、非线性频率变换等领域有重要的应用需求, 其输出功率的提升面临横向模式不稳定和非线性效应等因素带来的技术挑战, 而长锥形增益光纤具有综合抑制横向模式不稳定效应和非线性效应的潜力. 为进一步提升全光纤结构单频光纤激光器的输出功率, 国防科技大学自主研制了一段长度为2.2 m的长锥形掺镱双包层光纤, 其输入端纤芯和内包层直径分别为30.3 μm和245 μm, 输出端纤芯和内包层直径为49.3 μm和404 μm. 基于该光纤, 采用前向泵浦的方式搭建了一个全光纤结构的单频主振荡功率放大系统. 其中种子激光的中心波长为1064 nm, 输出功率为30 mW. 该系统实现了中心波长为1064 nm、功率超过400 W的单频激光输出, 斜率效率为81.7%, 功率400 W时光束质量因子(M 2)为1.29. 系统输出功率的进一步提升受限于横向模式不稳定效应. 据可查询文献, 这是目前基于国产增益光纤实现的单频单模光纤激光器最高输出功率. 该结果表明, 长锥形光纤在实现单频光纤激光器高功率、高光束质量输出方面极具潜力, 通过光纤参数和实验结构的进一步优化有望实现更高功率水平的单频单模激光输出.In recent years, the high-power single-frequency fiber lasers have developed rapidly, and they have been used in nonlinear frequency conversion and gravitational wave detection. The main factors limiting the output power of single-frequency fiber lasers are the nonlinear effect and transverse mode instability (TMI) effect. In general, large-core fibers can mitigate nonlinear effects while small-core fibers help to suppress the TMI effect. Owing to the core diameter varying in the longitudinal direction, tapered double clad fiber (T-DCF) is a promising solution to simultaneously suppress the nonlinearity and TMI effects. In the present study, we have fabricated a piece of 2.2-m-long Ytterbium-doped T-DCF. The core diameter and the cladding diameter of this fiber vary gradually from 30.3 μm to 49.3 μm and from 245 μm to 404 μm, respectively. Using this homemade fiber, we constructe an all-fiberized single-frequency master oscillator power amplifier system, which is pumped by laser diodes with a central wavelength of 976 nm. The seed of the system has a central wavelength of 1064 nm, and output power of 30 mW. The T-DCF is coiled on a piece of cooling plate, whose output end is cleaved at a 8° angle. The laser is output to free space and collimated by a free-space collimator. After the collimator, dichroic mirror is utilized to strip out the residual pump power for measuring power, spectrum, time-domain signal and beam quality. The output power increases linearly with the pumping power increasing. When the pumping power is 502 W, the output power reaches 400 W. And there is no stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) nor TMI under the power level. The corresponding slope efficiency is 81.7% while the M2 is measured to be 1.29, exhibiting the single-mode output characteristic of the system. When the output power is further increased to 418 W, the TMI effect is observed, which limits further the power scaling of the single-mode output. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power of single-frequency fiber laser based on home-made gain fibers. The results indicate that T-DCFs can simultaneously suppress the nonlinearity and TMI, thus providing a useful reference for further power scaling of single-frequency fiber lasers. Higher output power is expected by optimizing the parameters of T-DCF and the structure of system.
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Keywords:
- single-frequency /
- high power fiber lasers /
- long tapered fiber /
- transverse mode instability
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图 1 长锥形光纤小芯径均匀区的吸收谱
Fig. 1. Absorption spectrum of the small-core region of the long tapered fiber.
图 2 基于长锥形双包层光纤搭建的单频光纤放大器的实验装置图
Fig. 2. Experimental setup of single frequency fiber amplifier based on tapered double clad fiber.
图 3 不同输出功率下, 光电探测器接收光信号的时频域 (a)输出功率为400 W时的时域; (b) 输出功率为400 W时的频域; (c) 输出功率为418 W时的时域; (d) 输出功率为418 W时的频域; (e) 输出功率为434 W时的时域; (f) 输出功率为434 W时的频域
Fig. 3. The detected scattering light signals under different output power levels: (a) Time domain when output power reaches 400 W; (b) frequency domain when output power reaches 400 W; (c) time domain when output power reaches 418 W; (d) frequency domain when output power reaches 418 W; (e) time domain when output power reaches 434 W; (f) frequency domain when output power reaches 434 W.
图 5 种子光及经过主放大器后不同输出功率下的光谱 (a) 种子光; (b) 输出功率109 W; (c) 输出功率255 W; (d) 输出功率400 W
Fig. 5. Spectra of the seed light and the output laser with different power lever: (a) Seed light; (b) output power of 109 W; (c) output power of 255 W; (d) output power of 400 W.
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[1] Fu S J, Shi W, Feng Y, Zhang L, Yang Z M, Xu S H, Zhu X S, Norwood R A, Peyghambarian N 2017 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 34 A49
Google Scholar
[2] 杨昌盛, 岑旭, 徐善辉, 杨中民 2021 光学学报 41 0114002
Google Scholar
Yang C S, Cen X, Xu S H, Yang Z M 2021 Acta Opt. Sin. 41 0114002
Google Scholar
[3] 来文昌, 马鹏飞, 肖虎, 刘伟, 李灿, 姜曼, 许将明, 粟荣涛, 冷进勇, 马阎星 周朴 2020 强激光与粒子束 32 121001
Lai W C, Ma P F, Xiao H, Liu W, Li C, Jiang M, Xu J M, Su R T, Leng J Y, Ma Y X, Zhou P 2020 High Power Las. Part. Beam. 32 121001
[4] Chang H X, Chang Q, Xi J C, Hou T Y, Su R T, Ma P F, Wu J, Li C, Jiang M, Ma Y X, Zhou P 2020 Photonics Res. 8 1943
Google Scholar
[5] Dong J Y, Zeng X, Cui S Z, Zhou J Q, Feng Y 2019 Opt. Express 27 35362
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[7] Zhang L, Cui S Z, Liu C, Zhou J, Feng Y 2013 Opt. Express 21 5456
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Google Scholar
An Y, Yang H, Xiao H, Chen X, Huang L J, Pan Z Y, Wang X L, Xi X M, Ma P F, Wang Z F, Zhou P, Xu X J, Jiang Z F, Chen J B 2021 Chin. J. Las. 48 0115002
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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