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The equation of state for solid at extreme pressure and relatively low temperature is an important topic in the study of astrophysics and fundamental physics of condensed matter. Direct laser-driven quasi-isentropic compression is a powerful method to achieve such extreme states which have been developed in recent years. A lot of researches have been done in Research Center of Laser Fusion in China since 2012, which are introduced in this article. The researches include an analytical isentropic compression model, a developed characteristic method, techniques for target manufacture, and experiments performed on SHENGUANG Ⅲ prototype laser facility. The analytical isentropic compression model for condensed matter is obtained based on hydrodynamic equations and a Murnaghan-form state equation. Using the analytical model, important parameters, such as maximum shockless region width, material properties, pressure pulse profile, and pressure pulse duration can be properly allocated or chosen, which is convenient for experimental estimation and design. The characteristic method is developed based on a Murnaghan-form isentropic equation and characteristics, which can be used for experimental design, simulation, and experimental data processing. Based on the above researches, several rounds of experiments have been performed to obtain better isentropic effect by upgrading the target configurations. Five kinds of target configurations have been used up to now, which are three-step aluminum target, CH-coated planar aluminum target, CH-coated three-step aluminum target, planar aluminum target with Au blocking layer, and three-step aluminum target with Au blocking layer. The rear surface of three-step aluminum target is found to be destroyed when the loading pressure rises up to 194 GPa, and weak shock appears in CH-coated planar aluminum target and CH-coated three-step aluminum target. Besides, velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) fingers are found to decrease when the pressure rises up to about 400 GPa and disappears at 645 GPa. By reducing laser intensity, the whole interface velocities on three steps are obtained in the CH-coated three-step aluminum target and a stress-density curve is calculated. In order to eliminate the weak shock, the target configurations are upgraded by changing the ablation layer and putting a gold blocking layer after it. The experimental results show that the weak shock is eliminated and much clearer VISAR fingers are obtained when pressure rises to as high as 570 GPa.
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Keywords:
- quasi-isentropic compression /
- characteristics /
- high pressure physics /
- temporal-shaped laser
[1] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Jeanloz R, Duffy T S, Braun D G, Patterson J R, Rudd R E, Biener J, Lazicki A E, Hamza A V, Wang J, Braun T, Benedict L X, Celliers P M, Collins G W 2014 Nature 511 330
[2] Laio A, Bernard S, Chiarotti G, Scandolo S, Tosatti E 2000 Science 287 1027
[3] Remington B, Drake R P, Ryutov D D 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 755
[4] Bradley D K, Eggert J H, Smith R F, Prisbrey S T, Hicks D G, Braun D G, Biener J, Hamza A, Rudd R E, Collins G 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 075503
[5] Guillot T 1999 Science 286 72
[6] Lindl J 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 3933
[7] Davis J P 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 103512
[8] Reisman D B, Wolfer W G, Elsholz A, Furnish M D 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 8952
[9] Baer M R, Hall C A, Gustavsen R L, Hooks D E, Sheffield S A 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 034906
[10] Ray A, Menon S V G 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 064501
[11] Hawke R S, Duerre D E, Huebel J G, Keeler R N, Wallace W C 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 3298
[12] Lorenz K T, Edwards M J, Jankowski A F, Pollaine S M, Smith R F, Remington B A 2006 High Energy Density Physics 2 113
[13] Edwards J, Lorenz K T, Remington B A, Pollaine S, Colvin J, Braun D, Lasinski B F, Reisman D, McNaney J M, Greenough J A, Wallace R, Louis H, Kalantar D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 075002
[14] Smith R F, Pollaine S M, Moon S J, Lorenz K T, Celliers P M, Eggert J H, Park H S, Collins G W 2007 Phys. Plasma 14 057105
[15] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Rudd R E, Swift D C, Bolme C A, Collins G W 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 11 0123515
[16] Shu H, Fu S Z, Huang X G, Ye J J, Zhou H Z, Xie Z Y, Long T 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 114102 (in Chinese)[舒桦, 傅思祖, 黄秀光, 叶君建, 周华珍, 谢志勇, 龙滔 2012 61 114102]
[17] Xue Q, Wang Z, Jiang S, Ye X, Liu J 2014 AIP Adv. 4 057127
[18] Xue Q, Jiang S, Wang Z, Wang F, Hu Y, Ding Y 2016 Physica B 495 64
[19] Xue Q X, Jiang S E, Wang Z B, Zhang H, Ye X S, Zhang Y S 2014 Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Physics 34 17 (in Chinese)[薛全喜, 江少恩, 王哲斌, 章欢, 叶锡生, 张永生 2014 核聚变与等离子体物理 34 17]
[20] Xue Q X, Jiang S E, Wang Z B, Zhang H, Ye X S, Zhang Y S 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 25 2891 (in Chinese)[薛全喜, 江少恩, 王哲斌, 章欢, 叶锡生, 张永生 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 2891]
[21] Xue Q, Wang Z, Jiang S, Wang F, Ye X, Liu J 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 072709
[22] Zhang Z Y, Zhao Y, Xue Q X, Wang F, Yang J M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 205202 (in Chinese)[张志宇, 赵阳, 薛全喜, 王峰, 杨家敏 2015 64 205202]
[23] Wang F, Peng X S, Xue Q X, Xu T, Wei H Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 085202 (in Chinese)[王峰, 彭晓世, 薛全喜, 徐涛, 魏惠月 2015 64 085202]
[24] Hawke R S, Duerre D E, Huebel J G, Klapper H, Steinberg D J, Keeler R N 1972 J. Appl. Phys. 43 2734
[25] Nuckolls J, Wood L, Thiessen A, Zimmerman G 1972 Nature 239 139
[26] Atzeni S, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2004 The Physics of Inertial Fusion (London:Oxford University Press) p148
[27] Davis J P, Deeney C, Knudson M D, Raymond W L, Timothy D P, David E B 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 056310
[28] Swift D C, Kraus R G, Loomis E N, HicksD G, McNaney J M, Johnson R P 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 066115
[29] Li W 2003 One-Dimensional Nonsteady Flow and Shock Waves (Beijing:Defense Industry Press) pp36-55 (in Chinese)[李维新 2003 一维不定常流与冲击波(北京:国防工业出版社)第3655页]
[30] Ramis R, Schmaltz R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 1988 Comp. Phys. Commun. 49 475
[31] Seaman L 1974 J. Appl. Phys. 45 4303
[32] Rothman S D, Davis J P, Maw J, Robinson C M, Parker K, Palmer J 2005 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 38 733
[33] Hayes D 2001 Bakward Intergration of the Equations of Motion to Correct for Free Surface Perturbations (Sandia National Laboratories Report) SAND2001-1440
[34] Rothman S D, Maw J 2006 J. Phys. IV France 134 745
[35] Reisman D B, Wolfer W G, Elsholz A, Furnish M D 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 8952
[36] Davis J P 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 103512
[37] Kerley G I 1987 Int. J. Impact Eng. 5 441
[38] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Jankowski A, Celliers P M, Edwards M J, Gupta Y M, Asay J R, Collins G W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 065701
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[1] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Jeanloz R, Duffy T S, Braun D G, Patterson J R, Rudd R E, Biener J, Lazicki A E, Hamza A V, Wang J, Braun T, Benedict L X, Celliers P M, Collins G W 2014 Nature 511 330
[2] Laio A, Bernard S, Chiarotti G, Scandolo S, Tosatti E 2000 Science 287 1027
[3] Remington B, Drake R P, Ryutov D D 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 755
[4] Bradley D K, Eggert J H, Smith R F, Prisbrey S T, Hicks D G, Braun D G, Biener J, Hamza A, Rudd R E, Collins G 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 075503
[5] Guillot T 1999 Science 286 72
[6] Lindl J 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 3933
[7] Davis J P 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 103512
[8] Reisman D B, Wolfer W G, Elsholz A, Furnish M D 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 8952
[9] Baer M R, Hall C A, Gustavsen R L, Hooks D E, Sheffield S A 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 034906
[10] Ray A, Menon S V G 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 064501
[11] Hawke R S, Duerre D E, Huebel J G, Keeler R N, Wallace W C 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 3298
[12] Lorenz K T, Edwards M J, Jankowski A F, Pollaine S M, Smith R F, Remington B A 2006 High Energy Density Physics 2 113
[13] Edwards J, Lorenz K T, Remington B A, Pollaine S, Colvin J, Braun D, Lasinski B F, Reisman D, McNaney J M, Greenough J A, Wallace R, Louis H, Kalantar D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 075002
[14] Smith R F, Pollaine S M, Moon S J, Lorenz K T, Celliers P M, Eggert J H, Park H S, Collins G W 2007 Phys. Plasma 14 057105
[15] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Rudd R E, Swift D C, Bolme C A, Collins G W 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 11 0123515
[16] Shu H, Fu S Z, Huang X G, Ye J J, Zhou H Z, Xie Z Y, Long T 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 114102 (in Chinese)[舒桦, 傅思祖, 黄秀光, 叶君建, 周华珍, 谢志勇, 龙滔 2012 61 114102]
[17] Xue Q, Wang Z, Jiang S, Ye X, Liu J 2014 AIP Adv. 4 057127
[18] Xue Q, Jiang S, Wang Z, Wang F, Hu Y, Ding Y 2016 Physica B 495 64
[19] Xue Q X, Jiang S E, Wang Z B, Zhang H, Ye X S, Zhang Y S 2014 Nuclear Fusion and Plasma Physics 34 17 (in Chinese)[薛全喜, 江少恩, 王哲斌, 章欢, 叶锡生, 张永生 2014 核聚变与等离子体物理 34 17]
[20] Xue Q X, Jiang S E, Wang Z B, Zhang H, Ye X S, Zhang Y S 2013 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 25 2891 (in Chinese)[薛全喜, 江少恩, 王哲斌, 章欢, 叶锡生, 张永生 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 2891]
[21] Xue Q, Wang Z, Jiang S, Wang F, Ye X, Liu J 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 072709
[22] Zhang Z Y, Zhao Y, Xue Q X, Wang F, Yang J M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 205202 (in Chinese)[张志宇, 赵阳, 薛全喜, 王峰, 杨家敏 2015 64 205202]
[23] Wang F, Peng X S, Xue Q X, Xu T, Wei H Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 085202 (in Chinese)[王峰, 彭晓世, 薛全喜, 徐涛, 魏惠月 2015 64 085202]
[24] Hawke R S, Duerre D E, Huebel J G, Klapper H, Steinberg D J, Keeler R N 1972 J. Appl. Phys. 43 2734
[25] Nuckolls J, Wood L, Thiessen A, Zimmerman G 1972 Nature 239 139
[26] Atzeni S, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2004 The Physics of Inertial Fusion (London:Oxford University Press) p148
[27] Davis J P, Deeney C, Knudson M D, Raymond W L, Timothy D P, David E B 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 056310
[28] Swift D C, Kraus R G, Loomis E N, HicksD G, McNaney J M, Johnson R P 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 066115
[29] Li W 2003 One-Dimensional Nonsteady Flow and Shock Waves (Beijing:Defense Industry Press) pp36-55 (in Chinese)[李维新 2003 一维不定常流与冲击波(北京:国防工业出版社)第3655页]
[30] Ramis R, Schmaltz R, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 1988 Comp. Phys. Commun. 49 475
[31] Seaman L 1974 J. Appl. Phys. 45 4303
[32] Rothman S D, Davis J P, Maw J, Robinson C M, Parker K, Palmer J 2005 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 38 733
[33] Hayes D 2001 Bakward Intergration of the Equations of Motion to Correct for Free Surface Perturbations (Sandia National Laboratories Report) SAND2001-1440
[34] Rothman S D, Maw J 2006 J. Phys. IV France 134 745
[35] Reisman D B, Wolfer W G, Elsholz A, Furnish M D 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 8952
[36] Davis J P 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 103512
[37] Kerley G I 1987 Int. J. Impact Eng. 5 441
[38] Smith R F, Eggert J H, Jankowski A, Celliers P M, Edwards M J, Gupta Y M, Asay J R, Collins G W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 065701
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