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将碱金属溶于含有芳香化合物的醚类溶剂，碱金属的一个电子转移给芳香化合物形成一个碱金属离子和一个阴离子自由基，同时溶于醚类溶剂得到一类具有高电子电导率和离子电导率的蓝黑色液体. 当碱金属为钠、芳香化合物为联苯、醚类溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚时，其电子电导率和离子电导率分别为8.410-3Scm-1和3.610-3Scm-1，电极电位为0.09 V vs. Na/Na+，适合作为负极材料，具有原材料低廉、易于制备等优点. 我们将该液体作为负极，分别以苯醌和蒽醌（AQ）溶液作为正极构建了一种新型二次电池，结果表明以AQ溶液作为正极的电池具有长循环寿命、低成本的优势. 该阴离子自由基液态负极材料的提出为开发新型的储能电池提供了新思路.Electrochemical batteries for wind and solar renewable energy storage have attracted world-wide attention, due to their merits of flexibility, modularity and being environmental friendly. Nowadays, new rechargeable battery systems are highly desired for large-scale electrical energy storage. Here in this paper, we report that alkali metal can be dissolved into aromatic compound-ether solvent to obtain a dark blue solution with high conductivity. This solution consists of alkali metal cation and radical anion generated by electron transfer reaction between alkali metal and aromatic compounds. For instance, sodium and biphenyl can be dissolved into 1,2-dimethoxyethane to obtain a dark blue solution which exhibits high electronic conductivity (8.410-3Scm-1), high ionic conductivity (3.6 10-3Scm-1), low potential 0.09 V vs. Na/Na+ and low cost. Using this solution as the anode, we demonstrate a new rechargeable battery with quinone liquid cathode. It is found that the battery with anthraquinone (AQ) liquid cathode displays long cycle ability, low cost properties. This work proposes a new strategy for designing the electrode materials and rechargeable battery systems. Furthermore, this kind of liquid may possess other unique physical properties and might be used in other devices, like thermoelectric battery.
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Keywords:
- alkali metal /
- aromatic compounds /
- radical anion /
- liquid electrode material /
- mixed conductor
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[1] Wei X, Xu W, Vijayakumar M, Cosimbescu L, Liu T, Sprenkle V, Wang W 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 7649
[2] Li B, Nie Z, Vijayakumar M, Li G, Liu J, Sprenkle V, Wang W 2015 Nat. Commu. 6 6303
[3] Yu X, Manthiram A 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 22952
[4] Yu X, Manthiram A 2015 Adv. Energy Mater. 5 1500350
[5] Yu X, Manthiram A 2016 Chem. Mater. 28 896
[6] Yang Y, Zheng G, Cui Y 2013 Energy Environ. Sci. 6 1552
[7] Wang K, Jiang K, Chung B, Ouchi T, Burke P J, Boysen D A, Bradwell D J, Kim H, Muecke U, Sadoway D R 2014 Nature 514 348
[8] Huskinson B, Marshak M P, Suh C, Er S, Gerhardt M R, Galvin C J, Chen X, Aspuru-Guzik A, Gordon R G, Aziz M J 2014 Nature 505 195
[9] Duduta M, Ho B, Wood V C, Limthongkul P, Brunini V E, Carter W C, Chiang Y M 2011 Adv. Energy Mater. 1 511
[10] Janoschka T, Martin N, Martin U, Friebe C, Morgenstern S, Hiller H, Hager M D, Schubert U S 2015 Nature 527 78
[11] Pan H L, Hu Y S, Chen L Q 2013 Energy Environ. Sci. 6 2338
[12] Yabuuchi N, Kubota K, Dahbi M, Komaba S 2014 Chem. Rev. 114 11636
[13] Scott N, Walker J, Hansley V 1936 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 58 2442
[14] Freeman P K, Hutchinson L L 1980 J. Org. Chem. 45 1924
[15] Connelly N G, Geiger W E 1996 Chem. Rev. 96 877
[16] Holy N 1974 Chem. Rev. 74 243
[17] Garst J F 1971 Acc. Chem. Res. 4 400
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