一种基于石墨烯的超宽带吸波器

姜彦南; 王扬; 葛德彪; 李思敏; 曹卫平; 高喜; 于新华

doi:10.7498/aps.65.054101

摘要

隐身技术对降低飞行器目标的雷达散射截面、提高飞行器目标的生存能力具有重要的意义和价值, 而在飞行器目标上引入吸波器结构是一种重要的隐身手段. 然而, 目前已有吸波器的研究主要集中在单频或多频窄带方面. 为了拓展吸波器工作频带, 基于石墨烯材料提出了一种工作于S/C波段的新型超宽带吸波器模型单元, 其中包含一个用石墨烯材料设计的方圆形双环周期结构. 调节石墨烯的表面阻抗, 使得吸收率超过90%的频带范围为2.1-9.0 GHz, 相对带宽约为124%, 实现了超宽带的吸波特性; 鉴于模型的高度对称性, 提出的吸波器模型表现出对入射波极化不敏感的吸波特性; 在不改变模型结构情况下, 调节石墨烯的静态偏置电场, 亦可调控吸波器谐振在2.0-9.0 GHz频带范围内的任意频率点处, 且达到超过99%的吸收效果. 最后采用等效电路模型方法和波的干涉理论对其吸波机理进行深入研究与分析: 从等效电路角度来讲, 方形和圆形环分别引入高、低吸波谐振频率, 二者优化叠加拓展了吸波带宽; 从干涉理论方面来看, 吸波器表面处的首次反射波与透射波的多次出射波形成较强的干涉相消现象, 有效减少了吸波器的反射回波.

关键词:

Abstract

Stealth technology is of great importance and significance in reducing the radar cross section and improving the survivability of the target aircraft. Absorber is one of the most important structures in stealth technology. However, the present investigations of absorbers mainly focus on the narrow band or multi-band. To extend the operation bandwidth, a graphene-based absorber structure is proposed in this paper. The proposed absorber has a periodic structure whose unit cell consists of a square and a circular graphene-based ring. The surface impedance of the periodic structure can be optimized to match the impedance of the free space in a very wide band by adjusting the electrostatic bias voltage. Then the operation band is significantly extended. By using the commercial software, CST Microwave Studio 2014, the performance of the proposed absorber is studied. The simulated results show that the proposed absorber can absorb electromagnetic (EM) waves in an ultra-wideband from 2.1 to 9.0 GHz, with an absorbing rate of up to 90%. Moreover, the proposed absorber is insensitive to the polarization of the incident wave due to the symmetry of the structure. We also find that the absorber can be tuned to work at any frequency in a range from 2.0 to 9.0 GHz for a fixed geometrical parameter. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) approach and interference theory (INF) are employed to investigate the physical mechanism of the proposed absorber. According to the ECM, we analyze the resonant characteristics of the square and circular graphene rings. Owing to the existence of two different graphene rings, two resonant frequencies are detected. By optimizing the structure parameters of the graphene rings, the two resonant frequencies are brought closer, resulting in the increase of the operation band. On the other hand, the real part of the input impedance of the equivalent circuit reaches up to about 300 Ω and the imaginary part is close to 0 Ω, which provides good matching to the free space, leading to high absorption rate. According to the interference theory, the amplitudes and phases of the direct reflection and the multiple reflections of EM waves are studied. It is found that the destructive interference between the direct reflection and multiple reflection makes the absorber have high performance in an ultra-wideband. The results obtained from ECM and INF are in good agreement with the simulation ones.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
广西无线宽带通信与信号处理重点实验室, 桂林 541004;

2.
桂林电子科技大学信息与通信学院, 桂林 541004;

3.
桂林电子科技大学, 广西信息科学实验中心, 桂林 541004;

4.
西安电子科技大学物理与光电工程学院, 西安 710071

通信作者: 姜彦南, ynjiang@guet.edu.cn.

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61361005, 61461016, 61161002, 61561013)、广西自然科学基金(批准号: 2014GXNSFAA118283, 2014GXNSFAA118366, 2015GXNSFAA139305)、桂林电子科技大学创新团队和认知无线电与信息处理省部共建教育部重点实验室（桂林电子科技大学）主任基金资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Wireless Wideband Communication & Signal Processing, Guilin 541004, China;

2.
School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China;

3.
Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China;

4.
School of Physics Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China

Corresponding author: Jiang Yan-Nan, ynjiang@guet.edu.cn.

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61361005, 61461016, 61161002, 61561013), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi, China(Grant Nos. 2014GXNSFAA118283, 2014GXNSFAA118366, 2015GXNSFAA139305), the Program for Innovative Research Team of Guilin University of Electronic Technology (IRTGUET), and the Director Fund of Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing (Guilin University of Electronic Technology), Ministry of Education.

参考文献

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[12]	Alaee R, Farhat M, Rockstuhl C, Lederer F 2012 Opt. Express 20 28017
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[15]	Vakil A, Engheta N 2011 Science 332 1291
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[17]	Avitzour Y, Yaroslav A, Urzhumov, Shvels G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 045131
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施引文献

[1]	Fante R L, McCormack M T 1988 IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propag. 36 1443
[2]	Toit L J D 1994 IEEE Antennas. Propag. Mag. 36 17
[3]	Landy N, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402
[4]	Wang B X, Wang L L, Wang G Z, Huang W Q, Zhai X, Li X F 2014 Opt. Commun. 325 78
[5]	Li L Y, Wang J, Du H L, Wang J F, Qu S B 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 064201
[6]	Gu C, Qu S B, Pei Z B, Xu Z, Ma H, Lin B Q, Bai P, Peng W D 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 107801 (in Chinese) [顾超, 屈绍波, 裴志斌, 徐卓, 马华, 林宝勤, 柏鹏, 彭卫东 2011 60 107801]
[7]	Gu C, Qu S B, Pei Z B, Xu Z, Liu J, Gu W 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 017801
[8]	Agarwal S, Prajapati Y K, Singh V, Saini J P 2015 Opt. Commun. 356 565
[9]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nature. Mater. 63 183
[10]	Geim A K 2009 Science 324 1530
[11]	Sensale-Rodriguez B, Yan R, Kelly M 2012 Nature Commun. 3 780
[12]	Alaee R, Farhat M, Rockstuhl C, Lederer F 2012 Opt. Express 20 28017
[13]	Fallahi A, Perruisseau-Carrier J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 195408
[14]	Sensale-Rodriguez B, Yan R, Rafique S, Zhu M, Li W, Liang X, Gundlach D, Protasenko V, Kelly M M, Jena D, Liu L, Xing H G 2012 Nano Lett. 12 4518
[15]	Vakil A, Engheta N 2011 Science 332 1291
[16]	Nayyeri V, Soleimani M, Ramahi O M 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propag. 61 4176
[17]	Avitzour Y, Yaroslav A, Urzhumov, Shvels G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 045131
[18]	Zhang Y, Feng Y J, Zhu B, Zhao J M, Jiang T 2014 Opt. Express 22 22743
[19]	Langley R J Parker E A 1982 Electron. Lett. 18 294
[20]	Langley R J Parker E A 1983 Electron. Lett. 19 675
[21]	Costa F, Monorchio A, Manara G 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propag. 58 1551
[22]	Costa F, Monorchio A, Manara G 2009 IEEE Antennas Propag. Society Int. Symp Charleston, June, 2009 p781
[23]	Luukkonen O, Simovski C, Granet G, Goussetis G, Lioubtchenko D, Raisanen A V, Tretyakov S A 2008 IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propag. 56 1624
[24]	Gao X, Han X, Cao W P, Li H O, Ma H F, Cui T J 2015 IEEE Trans. Antennas. Propag. 63 3522
[25]	Chen H T, Zhou J F, John F O, Frank C, Abul K A, Antoinette J T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 073901
[26]	Chen H T 2012 Opt. Express 20 7165

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