基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的纳秒锁模掺铥光纤激光器

王小发; 张俊红; 高子叶; 夏光琼; 吴正茂

doi:10.7498/aps.66.114209

摘要

报道了一种基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的纳秒锁模掺铥光纤激光器.该激光器采用环形腔结构，利用自制的三层石墨烯薄膜作为可饱和吸收体实现锁模.同时在腔内插入一个窄带光纤光栅，约束腔内起振的纵模数，适当调节抽运功率和偏振控制器的角度，得到了重复频率为3.8 MHz、脉宽在3.8-94.3 ns之间灵活可调的2 μm纳秒锁模脉冲输出，整个脉宽调节范围超过90 ns.此外，由于获得的兆赫兹纳秒锁模脉冲时间带宽积在49-1119范围内，即存在强烈的啁啾，因而可作为2 μm波段啁啾脉冲放大系统中的种子源使用.

关键词:

Abstract

The Tm-doped mode-locked pulsed fiber lasers, which are known for their wide applications in optical communication, laser medical system and special material processing, have attracted considerable interest as novel laser sources. Up to now, many reported Tm-doped mode-locked fiber lasers focused on emitting picosecond or femtosecond pulses at a few megahertz (MHz) repetition rate. Actually, due to the strong chirp, large pulse width, low peak power and little nonlinear phase accumulation characteristics in the process of power amplifier, nanosecond mode-locked fiber laser is a representative of ideal seed source in the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system. However, nanosecond mode-locked fiber lasers are generally implemented with the kilometerlong cavity length, corresponding to the fundamental repetition rate of hundreds of kilohertz. Usually, fiber lasers with such a low repetition rate are not desirable in applications of laser material processing, nor medical treatment nor scientific researches. In this paper, we report a nanosecond mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser with MHz repetition rate based on graphene saturable absorber (SA). As the SA, graphene has excellent optical properties, such as optical visualization, high transparency, ultra-fast relaxation time and nonlinear absorption. It is not limited by the band gap either because of its zero-band-gap structure. Therefore, graphene can be used as fast SA, with wide spectral range operated. Generally, graphene suitable for mode-locked fiber lasers can be produced by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), liquid phase exfoliation and mechanical exfoliation. Since the CVD technique can obtain high-quality graphene with precisely controlled number of layers, it is always the first choice for the manufacture of graphene. In our work, monolayer graphene layers are grown on copper foils by CVD, and then transferred onto the end face of the fiber connector three times. Meanwhile, a narrow-band fiber Bragg grating is used to constrain longitudinal modes of the laser intra-cavity. By simply adjusting the pump power and the polarization angle of polarization controller, stable 2 μm nanosecond mode-locked pulses are obtained in a wide range from 3.8 ns to 94.3 ns at 3.8 MHz repetition rate. We believe that the results obtained will be helpful for investigating the CPA system at 2 μm.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
西南大学物理科学与技术学院, 重庆 400715;

2.
重庆邮电大学光电工程学院, 重庆高校光通信技术重点实验室, 重庆 400065;

3.
西南大学数学与统计学院, 重庆 400715

通信作者: 吴正茂, zmwu@swu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：11304409，61475127，61575163）、重庆市自然科学基金（批准号：CSTC2013jcyjA4004）、重庆市教委科学技术研究项目（批准号：KJ1500422）和液晶面板产业共性技术创新专题项目（批准号：CSTC2015zdcy-ztzx40003）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;

2.
Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Communication Technology, Chongqing Education Commission, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;

3.
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

Corresponding author: Wu Zheng-Mao, zmwu@swu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11304409, 61475127, 61575163), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City, China (Grant No. CSTC2013jcyjA4004), the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, China (Grant No. KJ1500422), and the Special Theme Projects on LCD Industrial Generic Technology Innovation of Chongqing, China (Grant No. CSTC2015zdcy-ztzx40003).

参考文献

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[31]	Liu J, Xu J, Wang P 2012 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 24 539
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施引文献

[1]	Wang Q, Geng J, Luo T, Jiang S 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3616
[2]	Liu J, Xu J, Liu K, Tan F, Wang P 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 4150
[3]	Yang N, Tang Y, Xu J 2015 Laser Phys. Lett. 12 085102
[4]	Kieu K, Wise F 2009 Lasers and Electro-Optics Baltimore, Maryland USA, June 2-4 2009 pCML7
[5]	Wang Y, Alam S, Obraztsova E, Pozharov A, Set S, Yamashita S 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 3864
[6]	Yan Z Y, Li X H, Tang Y L, Shum P, Zhang Y, Wang Q J 2015 Opt. Express 23 4369
[7]	Wang Q Q, Chen T, Chen K 2010 Lasers and Electro-Optics San Jose, California, USA, May 16-21, 2010 pCFK7
[8]	Rudy C, Urbanek K, Digonnet M, Byer R 2013 J. Lightwave Technol. 31 1809
[9]	Jin X X, Wang X, Wang X, Zhou P 2015 Appl. Opt. 54 8260
[10]	Huang S S, Wang Y G, Yan P G, Zhang G L, Li H Q, Lin R Y 2014 Laser Phys. 24 015001
[11]	Huang S S, Wang Y G, Yan P G, Zhao J Q, Li H Q, Lin R Y 2014 Opt. Express 22 11417
[12]	Bonaccorso F, Sun Z, Hasan T, Ferrari A C 2010 Nature Photon. 4 611
[13]	Bao Q, Zhang H, Wang Y, Ni Z H, Yan Y L, Shen Z X, Loh K P, Tang Y T 2009 Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 3077
[14]	Zhang M, Kelleher E, Torrisi F, Sun Z, Hasan T, Popa D, Wang F, Ferrari A, Popov S, Taylor J 2012 Opt. Express 20 25077
[15]	Sobon G, Sotor J, Pasternak I, Krajewska A, Strupinski W, Abramski K 2013 Opt. Express 21 12797
[16]	Wang Q Q, Chen T, Zhang B, Li M S, Lu Y F, Chen K 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 131117
[17]	Sobon G, Sotor J, Pasternak I, Krajewska A, Strupinski W, Abramski K 2015 Opt. Express 23 9339
[18]	Boguslawski J, Sotor J, Sobon G, Kozinski R, Librant K, Aksienionek M, Lipinska L, Abramski K 2015 Photon. Res. 3 119
[19]	Ismail M A, Harun S W, Zulkepely N R, Nor R M, Ahmad F, Ahmad H 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 8621
[20]	Kelleher E, Travers J, Sun Z, Rozhin A, Ferrari A 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 111108
[21]	Zhang X M, Gu C, Chen G L, Sun B, Xu L X, Wang A T, Ming H 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 1334
[22]	Xu J, Wu S D, Liu J, Wang Q, Yang Q H, Wang P 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 4466
[23]	Kobtsev S, Kukarin S, Fedotov Y 2008 Opt. Express 16 21936
[24]	Liu Z B, He X Y, Wang D N 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3024
[25]	Azooz S, Harun S, Ahmad H, Halder A, Paul M, Pal M, Bhadra S 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 014204
[26]	Wang X, Zhou P, Wang X L, Xiao H, Liu Z J 2014 Opt. Express 22 6147
[27]	Fu B, Gui L, Li X, Xiao X S, Zhu H W, Yang C X 2013 IEEE Photon. Tech. L. 25 1447
[28]	Wang W R, Zhou Y X, Li T, Wang Y L, Xie X M 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 038702 (in Chinese) [王文荣, 周玉修, 李铁, 王跃林, 谢晓明 2012 61 038702]
[29]	Ferrari A, Meyer J, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov K, Roth S, Geim A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 187401
[30]	Graf D, Molitor F, Ensslin K, Stampfer C, Jungen A, Hierold C 2007 Nano Lett. 7 238
[31]	Liu J, Xu J, Wang P 2012 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 24 539
[32]	Zhao J Q, Wang Y G, Yan P G, Ruan S C, Zhang G L, Li H Q, Tsang Y H 2013 Laser Phys. 23 075105
[33]	Jin C, Yang S G, Wang X J, Chen H W, Chen M H, Xie S Z 2016 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 28 1352
[34]	Kelleher E, Travers J, Ippen E, Sun Z, Ferrari A, Popov S, Taylor J 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3526

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