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This research proposes an innovative method that proton irradiation technology for defect control in practical engineering YBCO tapes,to improve the critical current density of YBCO high-temperature superconducting tapes in high magnetic fields.Based on the material irradiation terminal of a 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator at Peking University, systematic irradiation experiments were conducted using 3 MeV proton beams on YBCO superconducting tapes at different fluence rates, successfully constructing high-density, low-dimensional controllable artificial pinning centers in the high superconducting tapes. This defect engineering significantly suppresses the flux creep phenomenon and enhances the pinning effect by creating low-energy pinning sites for flux lines, thereby significantly weakening the inhibitory effect of external magnetic fields on critical current (Ic). Comparative analysis of superconducting tapes before and after irradiation, including superconducting transition temperature, superconducting critical performance, and critical current density on magnetic field dependence.As the irradiation dose increases, high-density point defects (vacancies, interstitial atoms, etc.) and a small number of vacancy clusters are implanted inside the superconducting tape, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the superconducting phase. Therefore, as the dose increases, the orderliness of the superconducting phase in the superconducting tape decreases sharply, leading to a gradual widening of the superconducting transition temperature zone. By measuring the hysteresis loops of samples irradiated with different doses of protons and calculating the critical current density Jc based on the Bean model, the experimental data show that under irradiation conditions with a fluence rate of 8×1016 P/cm2, the critical current of the sample under extreme operating conditions of 4.2K@6.5T achieved an 8-fold breakthrough improvement. Meanwhile, the maximum improvement factors in critical current density at 20K@5T and 30K@4T were also 5.5 times and 4.8 times, respectively. The logarithmic curve was fitted using the Jc ∝ B– α power exponent model to obtain the power parameterα values of 0.276, 0.361, and 0.397 for the variation of critical current density with magnetic field at three temperature ranges of 4.2K, 20K, and 30K, respectively. This indicates that the superconducting tape irradiated with protons will form more effective strong pinning centers at lower temperatures, reducing the dependence of the critical current density of the superconducting tape on the magnetic field.This performance breakthrough significantly enhances the application potential of high superconducting tapes in low-temperature and high magnetic fields environments, especially in frontier fields such as particle accelerators and fusion reactors, where there is an urgent demand for high-performance superconducting magnets. The study confirms that proton irradiation technology can achieve efficient optimization of critical performance through defect engineering without altering the existing preparation process of YBCO tapes, providing a highly feasible and process-compatible technical path for practical performance control of superconducting materials.
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Keywords:
- YBCO /
- Proton irradiation /
- Pinning centers /
- Critical current density
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