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Rydberg atoms possess a large electric dipole moment and exhibit high sensitivity to electromagnetic signals. Receivers based on Rydberg atoms represent a novel reception mechanism, demonstrating broad application prospects in the field of communication. Current research has not addressed the influence of the operating parameters of Rydberg atomic receiver on channel capacity. This study establishes a channel capacity model for Rydberg atomic receiver based on Shannon's formula and the response mechanism of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. Using this model, the influences of atomic number density, laser beam waist, and coupling laser Rabi frequency on the channel capacity of Rydberg atomic receiver are analyzed. A strategy for optimizing channel capacity by adjusting the coupling laser Rabi frequency is proposed, and an analytical solution for the Rabi frequency that maximizes channel capacity is derived. The accuracy of this analytical solution is then verified through numerical simulations. The channel capacity corresponding to the analytical solution in this study is similar to the optimal channel capacity obtained using the one-dimensional optimization method (Newton’s method) and is superior to the results obtained by the quadratic interpolation method, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed analytical solution in optimizing the channel capacity of Rydberg atomic receiver. This research provides theoretical guidance for designing high-performance Rydberg atomic receiver and optimizing channel capacity.
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Keywords:
- quantum sensing /
- Rydberg atomic receiver /
- channel capacity /
- parameter optimization
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图 1 里德伯原子接收机 (a) 实验装置; (b) Rb原子四能级跃迁示意图
Fig. 1. Rydberg atomic receiver: (a) Experimental setup; (b) schematic of the four-level transition diagram in Rb atoms.
图 2 (a) 信道容量与原子数密度之间的关系曲线; (b) 信道容量与激光束腰之间的关系曲线
Fig. 2. (a) Channel capacity versus atomic density; (b) channel capacity versus laser beam waist.
图 3 (a) 带宽$ B $与$ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $的关系曲线; (b) 信噪比$ {\mathrm{SNR}} $与$ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $的关系曲线
Fig. 3. (a) Bandwidth $ B $ versus $ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $; (b) $ {\mathrm{SNR}} $ versus $ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $.
图 4 $ {{\partial {C_{{\text{Ry}}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\partial {C_{{\text{Ry}}}}} {\partial {\varOmega _{\text{c}}}}}} \right. } {\partial {\varOmega _{\text{c}}}}} $与$ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $的关系曲线
Fig. 4. $ {{\partial {C_{{\text{Ry}}}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\partial {C_{{\text{Ry}}}}} {\partial {\varOmega _{\text{c}}}}}} \right. } {\partial {\varOmega _{\text{c}}}}} $ versus $ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $.
图 5 $ {\varOmega _{{\text{c-opt}}}} $与$ {\varOmega _{{\text{RF}}}} $的关系曲线
Fig. 5. $ {\varOmega _{{\text{c-opt}}}} $ versus $ {\varOmega _{{\text{RF}}}} $.
表 1 符号说明
Table 1. Symbols and definitions.
符号 含义 参数的变化对信道容量的影响程度 $ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $ 耦合光的
拉比频率$ {\varOmega _{\text{c}}} $从$ 2\pi \times 10{\text{ MHz}} $提升至$ 2\pi \times 15{\text{ MHz}} $,
信道容量提升约8至14 Mbit/s$ {\varOmega _{\text{p}}} $ 探测光
拉比频率$ {\varOmega _{\text{p}}} $从$ 2\pi \times 1{\text{ MHz}} $提升至$ 2\pi \times 3{\text{ MHz}} $, 信道容量提升约1 Mbit/s
($ {\varOmega _{\text{p}}} $通常取值较小)$ {\varOmega _{{\text{RF}}}} $ 信号场
拉比频率$ {\varOmega _{{\text{RF}}}} $从$ 2\pi \times 5{\text{ MHz}} $提升至$ 2\pi \times 15{\text{ MHz}} $,
信道容量提升约5 Mbit/s$ n $ 原子数密度 $ n $从$ 25 \times {10^{16}}{\text{ }}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}} $提升至$ 100 \times {10^{16}}{\text{ }}{{\text{m}}^{ - 3}} $,
信道容量提升约8 Mbit/s$ r $ 激光束腰 $ r $从$ 25{\text{ μm}} $提升至$ 25{\text{ μm}} $,
信道容量提升约8 Mbit/s$ L $ 原子气室
的长度信道容量随$ L $的增大略有提升 $ {{{\varGamma }}_i} $ 能级$ \left| i \right\rangle $自发
辐射衰变速率由实验设置确定 $ {\omega _{\text{p}}} $ 探测光频率 由实验设置确定 $ {q_{\text{d}}} $ 探测效率 固定值 $ {\varepsilon _0} $ 真空介电常数 固定值 $ \hbar $ 约化普朗克
常数固定值 $ \delta $ 里德伯态失谐 固定值 
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