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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) provides significant advantages, including high bandwidth, low latency, and low power consumption, establishing it as a crucial technology for building information networks in marine environments. However, due to the scattering effect of seawater, some photons carrying information are inevitably scattered out of their predetermined paths, resulting in the potential for information leakage. Therefore, we propose a physical-layer security analysis model for UWOC systems based on the wiretap channel model. The model evaluates the security of the communication system by calculating the capacity difference between the legitimate channel and the eavesdropping channel in the UWOC system. Specifically, the model first constructs the three-dimensional intensity distribution of scattered photons in the underwater channel via Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements. Then, it calculates the capacities of both the legitimate and eavesdropping channels based on the decoding results. Finally, the three-dimensional distribution of secrecy capacity is derived to assess the security of the communication system. This article applies this model to analyze the security of the UWOC system in clear seawater environments. It is found that the secrecy capacity of the system is zero within a certain range near the transmission path, demonstrating that scattered photons can cause information leakage. We recommend that, in practical applications, monitoring the non-signal transmission area near the transmitter is essential to ensure communication security. This research provides a solution for the quantitative security analysis of UWOC, which can strongly support the design of UWOC systems and encoding/decoding schemes.
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Keywords:
- Underwater wireless optical communication /
- Physical-layer security /
- Scattered photons /
- Monte Carlo /
- Secrecy capacity
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