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Single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes and time-correlated single-photon counting technology are widely used in pulsed laser ranging. The ranging accuracy is one of the most important performances of laser ranging. In this work, a laser ranging method based on high-precision single-photon detector is developed to achieve laser ranging for non-cooperative targets with hundred-micron-level ranging accuracy. In the system, a low-time jitter Si APD single photon detector, picosecond pulsed laser and high-precision timing counter are used to reduce the time jitter of the ranging system, and a reference position is added to suppress the influence of delay drift of the system. And a laser interferometer system with a ranging resolution of 1 nm and an accuracy of 0.5 ppm is used to calibrate the distance of each movement of the ranging target. The photon flight time accuracy of 0.5 ps is achieved while the integral time ≥ 3 s. The ranging accuracy of 65 μm@RMS is realized, while the target is 2 m away. This work is one of the highest levels of pulsed time-of-flight ranging, and provides an effective technology for high-precision ranging and imaging of long-range non-cooperative targets.
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Keywords:
- single-photon detection /
- avalanche photodiode /
- laser ranging /
- centroid method
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Ren M 2013 Ph D. Dissertation (Shanghai: East China Normal University) (in Chinese)
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图 1 单光子测距系统. L1: 聚焦透镜; R1, R2: 反射镜; BS1, BS2: 分束镜; PIN: 高速光电探测器; TCSPS: 时间相关单光子符合计数器
Figure 1. Single-photon ranging system. L1: focusing lens; R1, R2: mirror; BS1, BS2: beam splitter; PIN: high-speed photodetector; TCSPS: time- correlated single-photon counter.
图 2 测距系统时间抖动
Figure 2. Time jitter of the ranging system.
图 3 (a) 有无参考物测距系统在TCSPC中的数据示意图; (b) 固定状态下目标位置延时-时间图象; (c) 固定状态下参考位置延时-时间图象; (d) 固定状态下相对时间差-时间图象
Figure 3. (a) Data schematic diagram of ranging system with or without reference in TCSPC; (b) delay-time image of target position in fixed state; (c) delay-time image of reference position in fixed state; (d) relative delay-time image in fixed state.
图 4 某固定位置下参考位置与目标位置的光子计数-延时关系
Figure 4. Photon-delay number relationship between reference position and target position in a fixed position.
图 5 不同积分时间对应的时间精度
Figure 5. Time accuracy corresponding to different integration times.
图 6 单光子测距值与激光干涉仪位移测量值比较
Figure 6. Comparison of the single-photon ranging and the displacement measurement of the laser interferometer.
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[1] Warburton R E, McCarthy A, Wallace A M, Hernandez-Marin S, Hadfield R H, Nam S W, Buller G S 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2266
Google Scholar
[2] Cova S, Ghioni M, Lacaita A, Samori C, Zappa F 1996 Appl. Opt. 35 1956
Google Scholar
[3] Massa J S, Wallace A M, Buller G S, Fancey S J, Walker A C 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 543
Google Scholar
[4] Massa J S, Buller G S, Walker A C, Cova S, Umasuthan M, Wallace A M 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 7298
Google Scholar
[5] Pellegrini S, Buller G S, Smith J M, Wallace A M, Cova S 2000 Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 712
Google Scholar
[6] Ren M, Gu X R, Liang Y, Kong W B, Wu E, Wu G, Zeng H P 2011 Opt. Express 19 13497
Google Scholar
[7] 张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 李朴, 孟文东, 陈菊平, 庞毓 2014 中国激光 41 s108005
Google Scholar
Zhang Z P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Li P, Meng W D, Chen J P, Pang Y 2014 Chin. J. Las. 41 s108005
Google Scholar
[8] 孟文东, 汤凯, 邓华荣, 李朴, 张海峰, 吴志波, 张忠萍 2015 光学学报 35 s112006
Meng W D, Tang K, Deng H R, Li P, Zhang H F, Wu Z B, Zhang Z P 2015 Acta Opt. Sin. 35 s112006
[9] Gariepy G, Tonolini F, Henderson R, Leach J, Faccio D 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 23
Google Scholar
[10] Li Z H, Wu E, Pang C K, Du B C, Tao Y L, Peng H, Zeng H P, Wu G 2017 Opt. Express 25 10189
Google Scholar
[11] Du B C, Wang Y, Wu E, Chen X L, Wu G 2018 Opt. Commun. 426 89
Google Scholar
[12] Zheng T X, Shen G Y, Li Z H, Yang L, Zhang H Y, Wu E, Wu G 2019 Photonics Res. 7 1381
Google Scholar
[13] 孟文东, 张海峰, 邓华荣, 汤凯, 吴志波, 王煜蓉, 吴光, 张忠萍, 陈欣扬 2020 69 019502
Google Scholar
Meng W D, Zhang H F, Deng H R, Tang K, Wu Z B, Wang Y R, Wu G, Zhang Z P, Yang X Y 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 019502
Google Scholar
[14] Ye L, Gu G H, He W J, Dai H D, Mao T Y, Chen Q 2019 J. Opt. 21 045703
Google Scholar
[15] Fu C K, Zheng H B, Wang G, Zhou Y, Chen H, He Y C, Liu J B, Sun J, Xu Z 2020 Appl. Sci. 10 1930
Google Scholar
[16] Carreira J F C, Griffitns A D, Xie E, Guilhabert B J E, Herrnsdorf J, Henderson R K, Gu E, Strain M J, Dawson M D 2020 Opt. Express 28 6909
Google Scholar
[17] Morimoto K, Ardelean A, Wu M L, Ulku A C, Antolovic I M, Bruschini C, Charbon E 2020 Optica 7 346
Google Scholar
[18] Griffiths A D, Chen H, Li D D U, Henderson R K, Herrnsdorf J, Dawson M D, Strain M J 2019 Opt. Express 27 35485
Google Scholar
[19] Rehain P, Sua Y M, Zhu S Y, Dickson I, Muthuswamy B, Ramanathan J, Shahverdi A, Huang Y P 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 921
Google Scholar
[20] Shahverdi A, Sua Y M, Tumeh L, Huang Y P 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 6495
Google Scholar
[21] Ma J H, Hu H Q, Chen Y, Xu G J, Pan H F, Wu E 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 034202
[22] Wu W J, Ma J H, Pan H F, Wu E, Chen H X, Dismas K C, Liang W G 2017 Optoelectron. Lett. 13 156
Google Scholar
[23] 张海燕, 汪琳莉, 吴琛怡, 王煜蓉, 杨雷, 潘海峰, 刘巧莉, 郭霞, 汤凯, 张忠萍, 吴光 2020 69 074204
Google Scholar
Zhang H Y, Wang L L, Wu C Y, Wang Y R, Yang L, Pan H F, Liu Q L, Guo X, Tang K, Zhang Z P, Wu G 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 074204
Google Scholar
[24] Fouche D G 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 5388
Google Scholar
[25] Wang F, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Sun X D 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 5561
Google Scholar
[26] Kong H J, Kim T H, Jo S E, Oh M S 2011 Opt. Express. 19 19323
Google Scholar
[27] Gatt P, Johnson S, Nichols T 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 3261
Google Scholar
[28] 黄科, 李松, 马跃, 田昕, 周辉, 张智宇 2018 67 064205
Google Scholar
Huang K, Li S, Ma Y, Tian X, Zhou H, Zhang Z Y 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 064205
Google Scholar
[29] 任旻 2013 博士学位论文 (上海: 华东师范大学)
Ren M 2013 Ph D. Dissertation (Shanghai: East China Normal University) (in Chinese)
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