-
Piezoelectrets, also known as ferroelectrets, are space-charge electrets based polymer foams with strong piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect in piezoelectrets originates from the regularly arranged dipolar space charges in the polymer matrix, achieved by properly charging the specific foam structure. The large figure of merit (FOM, d33·g33) in piezoelectrets implies that such kinds of materials are promising candidates in energy harvesters. In this article, the electron-irradiated cross-linked polypropylene (IXPP) foam sheets are rendered piezoelectric (i.e. to become piezoelectrets) by modification of the microstructure using hot-pressing process and polarization using corona charging at room temperature. The electromechanical properties of the fabricated IXPP piezoelectrets are investigated by measurements of quasi- and dynamic piezoelectric d33 coefficients, dielectric resonance spectrum, and isothermal decay at elevated temperatures. The energy harvesting from vibrations by using the IXPP piezoelectret films, at various vibration frequencies, load resistances, and seismic masses, are also studied. Results indicate that the quasi-static piezoelectric d33 coefficients of IXPP films up to 620 pC/N can be achieved. The variation of quasi-static piezoelectric d33 coefficient is dependent on the applied pressures, from 0.1 to 1.3 kPa, while it shows good linearity at larger pressures from 1.3 to 15 kPa. The typical values of Young's modulus in the thickness direction and the figure of merit (FOM) are 0.7 MPa and 11.2 GPa-1, respectively. The d33 coefficients will drop to 54%, 43%, 29% of the initial values after annealing the samples for 24 h at 50, 70, 90℃, respectively. At an exciting frequency of 820 Hz, the normalized output power of 65 μW/g2 is obtained from an IXPP film with an area of 3.14 cm2 and a seismic mass of 25.6 g around the optimum load resistance. Such thin, light and flexible IXPP piezoelectret films may be applied in vibration energy harvesters for powering low-power electronic devices.
[1] Erturk A, Inman D J 2011 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (New York: John Wiley & Sons) pp19-48
[2] Mitcheson P D, Rao G K, Green T C 2008 Proc. IEEE 96 1457
[3] Cook-Chennault K A, Thambi N, Sastry A M 2008 Smart Mater. Struct. 17 043001
[4] Guan M J, Liao W H 2007 Smart Mater. Struct. 16 498
[5] Okamoto H, Suzuki T, Mori K, Cao Z, Onuki T, Kuwano H 2007 Int'l. J. Energy Res. 33 1180
[6] Fan K Q, Xu C H, Wang W D, Fang Y 2014 Chinese Phys. B 23 084501
[7] Wu S H, Du L D, Kong D Y, Ping H Y, Fang Z, Zhao Z 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 044302
[8] Bauer S, Gerhard-Multhaupt R, Sessler G M 2004 Phys. Today 57 37
[9] Zhang X Q, Zhang X W, You Q, Sessler G M 2014 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 299 290
[10] Cao G X, Zhang X, Sun Z L, Wang X W, Lou K X, Xia Z F 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6514 (in Chinese) [曹功勋, 张晓青, 孙转兰, 王学文, 娄可行, 夏钟福 2010 59 6514]
[11] Sessler G M, Hillbenrand J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 122904
[12] Zhang T L, Huang X, Zheng K, Zhang X W, Wang Y J, Wu L M, Zhang X Q, Zheng J, Zhu B 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 157703 (in Chinese) [张添乐, 黄曦, 郑凯, 张欣梧, 王宇杰, 武丽明, 张晓青, 郑洁, 朱彪 2014 63 157703]
[13] Xu R, Kim S G 2012 PowerMEMS 2012 Atlanta, GA, USA, December 2-5, 2012, pp.464-467
[14] Anton S R, Farinholt K M 2012 Proc. of SPIE 8341 83410G
[15] Pondrom P, Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M, Bös J, Melz T 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 172901
[16] Anton S R, Farinholt K M, Erturk A 2014 J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 25 1681
[17] Zhang X, Huang J, Chen J, Wan Z, Wang S, Xia Z 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 182901
[18] Zhang X, Pan D, Wang X, Cao G, Sun Z, Xia Z 2011 J. Electrostact 69 554
[19] Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M 2000 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 7 537
[20] Kressmann R 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 90 3489
[21] Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M 2004 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 11 72
[22] Zhang X, Wu L M, Sessler G M, "Energy harvesting from vibration with cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectrets" to be published
[23] Zhang X, Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 054114
[24] Neugschwandtner G S, Schwödiauer R, Vieytes M, Bauer-Gogonea S, Bauer S, Hillenbrand J, Kressmann R, Sessler G M, Paajanen M, Lekkala J 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3827
[25] Mellinger A 2003 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 10 842
[26] DuToit N E, Wardle B L, Kim S 2005 Intergr. Ferroelectr. 71 121
-
[1] Erturk A, Inman D J 2011 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting (New York: John Wiley & Sons) pp19-48
[2] Mitcheson P D, Rao G K, Green T C 2008 Proc. IEEE 96 1457
[3] Cook-Chennault K A, Thambi N, Sastry A M 2008 Smart Mater. Struct. 17 043001
[4] Guan M J, Liao W H 2007 Smart Mater. Struct. 16 498
[5] Okamoto H, Suzuki T, Mori K, Cao Z, Onuki T, Kuwano H 2007 Int'l. J. Energy Res. 33 1180
[6] Fan K Q, Xu C H, Wang W D, Fang Y 2014 Chinese Phys. B 23 084501
[7] Wu S H, Du L D, Kong D Y, Ping H Y, Fang Z, Zhao Z 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 044302
[8] Bauer S, Gerhard-Multhaupt R, Sessler G M 2004 Phys. Today 57 37
[9] Zhang X Q, Zhang X W, You Q, Sessler G M 2014 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 299 290
[10] Cao G X, Zhang X, Sun Z L, Wang X W, Lou K X, Xia Z F 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6514 (in Chinese) [曹功勋, 张晓青, 孙转兰, 王学文, 娄可行, 夏钟福 2010 59 6514]
[11] Sessler G M, Hillbenrand J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 122904
[12] Zhang T L, Huang X, Zheng K, Zhang X W, Wang Y J, Wu L M, Zhang X Q, Zheng J, Zhu B 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 157703 (in Chinese) [张添乐, 黄曦, 郑凯, 张欣梧, 王宇杰, 武丽明, 张晓青, 郑洁, 朱彪 2014 63 157703]
[13] Xu R, Kim S G 2012 PowerMEMS 2012 Atlanta, GA, USA, December 2-5, 2012, pp.464-467
[14] Anton S R, Farinholt K M 2012 Proc. of SPIE 8341 83410G
[15] Pondrom P, Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M, Bös J, Melz T 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 172901
[16] Anton S R, Farinholt K M, Erturk A 2014 J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 25 1681
[17] Zhang X, Huang J, Chen J, Wan Z, Wang S, Xia Z 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 182901
[18] Zhang X, Pan D, Wang X, Cao G, Sun Z, Xia Z 2011 J. Electrostact 69 554
[19] Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M 2000 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 7 537
[20] Kressmann R 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 90 3489
[21] Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M 2004 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 11 72
[22] Zhang X, Wu L M, Sessler G M, "Energy harvesting from vibration with cross-linked polypropylene piezoelectrets" to be published
[23] Zhang X, Hillenbrand J, Sessler G M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 054114
[24] Neugschwandtner G S, Schwödiauer R, Vieytes M, Bauer-Gogonea S, Bauer S, Hillenbrand J, Kressmann R, Sessler G M, Paajanen M, Lekkala J 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3827
[25] Mellinger A 2003 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 10 842
[26] DuToit N E, Wardle B L, Kim S 2005 Intergr. Ferroelectr. 71 121
Catalog
Metrics
- Abstract views: 7280
- PDF Downloads: 232
- Cited By: 0
下载:
