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Organic nonlinear optical materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their potential applications in photonic devices and optical information processing. Recent studies have shown that annulene derivatives exhibit good second-order nonlinear optical properties, but their third-order nonlinear optical properties are studied little. In this paper, the values of molecular static linear polarizability α and second hyperpolarizability γ of substituted annulenes have been investigated with different levels of HF, B3LYP, BHandHLYP and CAM-B3LYP at different basis sets, respectively. Their ultraviolet spectra have also been calculated by using the TD-B3LYP method. It is found that the quality of the basis set is important for the hyperpolarizability calculations, and diffuse functions are important to obtain accurate results for the second hyperpolarizability. We also study the structure-optical property relationship for annulene. It is found that annulene molecular structure has a significant influence on third-order nonlinear optical response. Increasing the conjugation length and introducing push-pull electronic groups can enhance the second hyperpolarizability. But the introduction of push-pull electronic groups can enhance the hyperpolarizability more remarkably than increasing the conjugation length dose, which may be due to the fact that the introduction of push-pull electronic groups can provide a large number of polarizable electrons whereas increasing the conjugation length can only enhance the electron delocalization. Meanwhile the push-pull electronic group substituted annulenes can also exhibit high transparency in visible region. Thus, this work has a good reference for designing nonlinear optical material with high, nonlinear optical coefficient and good transparency. In addition, for the same push-pull electronic groups, the higher conjugation degree and the longer πup -conjugated bridge result in the decrease of HOMO-LUMO energy gap and transition energy which benefits the enhancement of nonlinear optical response. Our results demonstrate that annulene derivative shows both high transparency and large second hyperpolarizability, and thus becomes a promising candidate for third-order nonlinear optical material. In addition, the dynamic (hyper) polarizabilities of considered annulene molecules are calculated by using CAM-B3LYP method. It is found that in near-infrared region, with the increase of frequency of incident light, α (ω; ω), γ (-ω; ω, 0, 0) and γ (-2ω; ω, ω, 0) are all increased, and the near-resonance enhancement effect occurs. Under the condition of far resonance, α (ω; ω), γ (-ω; ω, 0, 0) and γ (-2ω; ω, ω, 0) change little. This dispersion effect may be helpful for the experimental study and applications as well.
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Keywords:
- annulene derivatives /
- the second hyperpolarizability /
- ultraviolet spectra /
- quantum chemistry calculations
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[2] Zhu J, L C G, Hong X S, Cui Y P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2850 (in Chinese) [朱菁, 吕昌贵, 洪旭升, 崔一平 2010 59 2850]
[3] Wang Y D, Meng Y, Wang S L, An Z 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 127105
[4] Manjunatha K B, Dileep R, Umesh G, Satyanarayan M N, Ramachandra B B 2014 Opt. Mater. 36 1054
[5] Woodford J N, Wang C H, Asato A E, Liu R S 1999 J. Chem. Phys. 111 4621
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[9] Scarpaci A, Nantalaksakul A, Hales J M, Matichak J D, Barlow S, Rumi M, Perry J W, Marder S R 2012 Chem. Mater. 24 1606
[10] Li H P, Shen X P, Han K, Tang G, Zhang Z H 2013 Comput. Theor. Chem. 1023 95
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[15] Wang J Y, Zhou J, Chen D L, Jian P M, Zhang G L 2000 Chem. J. Chin. Univ. 21 3703 (in Chinese) [王进义, 周晶, 程东亮, 菅盘铭, 张国林 2000 高等学校化学学报 21 3703]
[16] Lu J, Yang B Q, Bai Y J 2002 Synthetic Commun. 32 3703
[17] Islam M M, Bhuiyan M D H, Bredow T, Try A C 2011 Comput. Theor. Chem. 967 165
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[19] Ge Y, Han K, Zhou F, Ju F L 2012 J. At. Mol. Phys. 291 1 (in Chinese) [葛阳, 韩奎, 周菲, 居发亮 2012 原子与分子 291 1]
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[22] Yanai T, Tew P D, Handy N C 2004 Chem. Phys. Lett. 393 51
[23] Sun T, Wang Y B 2011 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 27 2553 (in Chinese) [孙涛, 王一波 2011 物理化学学报 27 2553]
[24] Li Y D, Li Z L, Leng J C, Li W, Wang C K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 073101 (in Chinese) [李英德, 李宗良, 冷建材, 李伟, 王传奎 2011 60 073101]
[25] Wang C K, Wang Y H, Su Y, Lou Y 2003 J. Chem. Phys. 119 4409
[26] Zhang C Z, Lu C, Zhu J, Wang C Y, Lu G Y, Wang C S, Wu D L, Liu F, Cui Y P 2008 Chem. Mater. 20 4628
[27] Han K, Li H P, Wu Y X, Tang G, Li M X, Zhong Q, Huang Z M 2009 J. Mol. Struct.: Theochem 908 69
[28] Maroulis G 2008 J. Chem. Phys. 129 044314
[29] Marcano E, Squitieri E, Murgich J, Soscún H 2012 Comput. Theor. Chem. 985 72
[30] Li H P, Han K, Shen X P, Lu Z P, Huang Z M, Wang H T, Zhang Z H, Bai L 2006 J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem.) 767 113
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[1] Ye C, Zyss J 1996 Theory and Practice of Nonlinear Optical Molecules (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) pp1-3 (in Chinaese) [叶成, 习斯 J 1996 分子非线性光学的理论与实践 (北京: 化学工业出版社) 第1-3页]
[2] Zhu J, L C G, Hong X S, Cui Y P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2850 (in Chinese) [朱菁, 吕昌贵, 洪旭升, 崔一平 2010 59 2850]
[3] Wang Y D, Meng Y, Wang S L, An Z 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 127105
[4] Manjunatha K B, Dileep R, Umesh G, Satyanarayan M N, Ramachandra B B 2014 Opt. Mater. 36 1054
[5] Woodford J N, Wang C H, Asato A E, Liu R S 1999 J. Chem. Phys. 111 4621
[6] Takimoto Y, Otani M, Sugino O 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 153405
[7] Li H P, Han K, Wang Q 2004 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 20 806 (in Chinese) [李海鹏, 韩奎, 王群 2004 物理化学学报 20 806]
[8] Hales J M, Matichak J, Barlow S, Ohira S, Yesudas K, Brédas J, Perry J W, Marder S R 2010 Science 327 1485
[9] Scarpaci A, Nantalaksakul A, Hales J M, Matichak J D, Barlow S, Rumi M, Perry J W, Marder S R 2012 Chem. Mater. 24 1606
[10] Li H P, Shen X P, Han K, Tang G, Zhang Z H 2013 Comput. Theor. Chem. 1023 95
[11] Xiang H, Tian Z Y, Wang S F, Wang Z W, Li Z, Yang H, Yao J N, Gong Q H 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 2535
[12] Wu W, Li C, Yu G, Liu Y, Ye C, Qin J, Li Z 2012 Chem. Eur. J. 18 11019
[13] Liu Z Y 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University) (in Chinese) [刘泽玉 2007 博士学位论文(南京: 南京大学)]
[14] Li M X, Han K, Li H P, Huang Z M, Zhong Q, Tong X, Wu Q H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1809 (in Chinese) [李明雪, 韩奎, 李海鹏, 黄志敏, 钟琪, 童星, 吴琼华 2010 59 1809]
[15] Wang J Y, Zhou J, Chen D L, Jian P M, Zhang G L 2000 Chem. J. Chin. Univ. 21 3703 (in Chinese) [王进义, 周晶, 程东亮, 菅盘铭, 张国林 2000 高等学校化学学报 21 3703]
[16] Lu J, Yang B Q, Bai Y J 2002 Synthetic Commun. 32 3703
[17] Islam M M, Bhuiyan M D H, Bredow T, Try A C 2011 Comput. Theor. Chem. 967 165
[18] Pang H W 2014 Gong Dong Chem. Ind. 41 13 (in Chinese) [庞宏伟 2014 广东化工 41 13]
[19] Ge Y, Han K, Zhou F, Ju F L 2012 J. At. Mol. Phys. 291 1 (in Chinese) [葛阳, 韩奎, 周菲, 居发亮 2012 原子与分子 291 1]
[20] Medved M, Champagne B, Noga I, Perpece E A 2004 J. Comput. Meth. Sci. Eng. 4 251
[21] Panja N, Ghanty T K, Nandle P K 2010 Theor. Chem. Acc 126 323
[22] Yanai T, Tew P D, Handy N C 2004 Chem. Phys. Lett. 393 51
[23] Sun T, Wang Y B 2011 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 27 2553 (in Chinese) [孙涛, 王一波 2011 物理化学学报 27 2553]
[24] Li Y D, Li Z L, Leng J C, Li W, Wang C K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 073101 (in Chinese) [李英德, 李宗良, 冷建材, 李伟, 王传奎 2011 60 073101]
[25] Wang C K, Wang Y H, Su Y, Lou Y 2003 J. Chem. Phys. 119 4409
[26] Zhang C Z, Lu C, Zhu J, Wang C Y, Lu G Y, Wang C S, Wu D L, Liu F, Cui Y P 2008 Chem. Mater. 20 4628
[27] Han K, Li H P, Wu Y X, Tang G, Li M X, Zhong Q, Huang Z M 2009 J. Mol. Struct.: Theochem 908 69
[28] Maroulis G 2008 J. Chem. Phys. 129 044314
[29] Marcano E, Squitieri E, Murgich J, Soscún H 2012 Comput. Theor. Chem. 985 72
[30] Li H P, Han K, Shen X P, Lu Z P, Huang Z M, Wang H T, Zhang Z H, Bai L 2006 J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem.) 767 113
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