Correlative analysis between the changes of surface solar radiation and its relationship with air pollution, as well as meteorological factor in eastern and western China in recent 50 years

Qi Yue; Fang Shi-Bo; Zhou Wen-Zuo

doi:10.7498/aps.64.089201

Abstract

Based on the solar radiation information and climatic observation data from 1961 to 2011 in both East and West China, the interannual trends of surface solar radiation are investigated. By combining with cloud cover, sunshine percentage, sunshine duration, wind speed, atmospheric turbidity, and relative humidity, the causes affecting the variations of the total surface solar radiation in East China and West China are analyzed. The results show that the surface solar radiation decreased from 1961 to 2010 in both East and West China, but there was an abrupt change, which occurred in the early 1990s, followed by sustained increase. The surface solar radiation decreased from 1961 to 2010 in East China, and the decrease of surface solar radiation in the eastern region was greater than in the western region. The surface solar radiation is significantly correlated with sunshine duration in both East and West China. In East China, the surface solar radiation is significantly positively correlated with the percentage of sunshine. It indicates that the percentage of sunshine duration is the main factor affecting the total surface solar radiation in East China. The decrease of the total surface solar radiation is influenced by many factors. In East China, the percentage of sunshine and the atmospheric turbidity factor are the main factors affecting the surface solar radiation reduction. There is no correlation between cloud and ground solar total radiation. However, the percentage of sunshine is affected mainly by cloud cover and air pollution. In West China, no significant correlation is found between surface solar radiation and cloud cover, but significant correlation is detected between surface solar radiation and sunshine percentage. These indicate that the sunshine percentage could be a main factor affecting surface solar radiation. Wind becomes an important factor affecting the total surface solar radiation, since wind is a main factor expelling troposphere air pollution such as smog. A comparison of the variation in ground solar radiation between the East and West China shows that the aerosol particles of air pollution are the main factor affecting the reduction of total surface solar radiation in East China. Many scholars have found that the significant reduction of the surface solar radiation is mainly due to the absorption and scattering atmospheric aerosols. All these findings suggest that the air pollution has become an important factor affecting the surface solar total radiation, especially in East China.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Eco-environment and Agro-meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2.
Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3.
School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41375117).

References

[1]	Shen Y B, Wang B 2011 Chin. J. Geophys. 54 1457 (in Chinese) [申彦波, 王标 2011 地球 54 1457]
[2]	Xia L, Zhang Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 119201 (in Chinese) [夏露, 张强 2014 63 119201]
[3]	Yue P, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Wang J S, Wang R Y, Yao Y B, Wang S, Hao X C, Yang F L, Wang R A 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 209201 (in Chinese) [岳平, 张强, 赵文, 王劲松, 王润元, 姚玉璧, 王胜, 郝小翠, 阳伏林, 王若安 2014 63 209201]
[4]	Qi Y, Fang S B, Zhou W Z {2014 Acta Ecol. Sin. 34 7444 (in Chinese) [齐月, 房世波, 周文佐 2014 生态学报 34 7444]
[5]	Shi G Y 2007 Atmospheric Radiation (Beijing: Science Press) (in Chinese) [石广玉 2007 大气辐射学 (北京: 科学出版社)]
[6]	Alpert P, Kishcha P, Kaufman Y J, Schwarzbard R 2005 Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 L17802
[7]	Wang X, Wen J, Liu R, Tian H, Zhang T T 2011 J. Arid Meteorol. 29 427 (in Chinese) [王欣, 文军, 刘蓉, 田辉, 张堂堂 2011 干旱气象 29 427]
[8]	Shao Z Y, Zhou T, Shi P J, Gong D Y 2009 Plateau Meteor. 28 1105 (in Chinese) [邵振艳, 周涛, 史培军, 龚道溢 2009 高原气象 28 1105]
[9]	Gilgen H, Wild M, Ohmura A 1998 J. Clim. 11 2042
[10]	Qian Y, Kaiser D P, Leung L R, Xu M 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L01812
[11]	Liang F, Xia X A 2005 Ann. Geophys. 23 2425
[12]	Kaiser D P, Qian Y 2002 Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 2042
[13]	Romanou A, Liepert B, Schmidt G A, Rossow W B, Ruedy R A, Zhang Y 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L05713
[14]	Zhang M F, Lin Z Y 2011 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 22 53 (in Chinese) [张明锋, 林正云 2011 太阳能学报 22 53]
[15]	Ma J Y, Liang H, Luo Y, Li S K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 069601 (in Chinese) [马金玉, 梁宏, 罗勇, 李世奎 2011 60 069601]
[16]	Norris J R, Wild M 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 D08214
[17]	Elminir H K 2006 Meteor. Atmos. Phys. 96 257
[18]	Che H Z, Shi G Y, Zhang X Y, Zhao X Y, Li Y 2006 Theor. Appl. Climatol. 89 83
[19]	Zhang Y L, Qin B Q, Chen W M 2004 Theor. Appl. Climatol. 78 217
[20]	Qin S G, Shi G Y, Chen L, Wang B, Zhao J Q, Yu C W, Yang S 2010 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 34 449 (in Chinese) [秦世广, 石广玉, 陈林, 王标, 赵剑琦, 于长文, 杨溯 2010 大气科学 34 449]
[21]	Ding Y H, Liu Y J 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sci. 44 37 (in Chinese) [丁一汇, 柳艳菊 2014 中国科学:地球科学 44 37]
[22]	Ding Y H, Liu Y J 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sci. 57 36
[23]	Sun Y, Ma Z F, Niu T, Fu R Y, Hu J F 2013 Climatic Environ. Res. 18 397 (in Chinese) [孙彧, 马振峰, 牛涛, 付如友, 胡俊峰 2013 气候与环境研究 18 397]
[24]	Zhang L, Wu J, Zhang W 2011 J. Lanzhou Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 47 46 (in Chinese) [张利, 吴涧, 张武 2011 兰州大学学报 (自然科学版) 47 46]
[25]	Fan Y Q, Li C Q 2008 Plateau Meteor. 27 1392 (in Chinese) [范引琪, 李春强 2008 高原气象 27 1392]
[26]	China Meteorological Administration 1997 The Method of Radiation Observation (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) (in Chinese) [中国气象局 1997 气象辐射观测方法 (北京:气象出版社)]
[27]	Chen Q S 1997 Meteorol. Mon. 23 40 (in Chinese) [陈千盛 1997 气象 23 40]
[28]	Zhou S Z, Zhang C 1985 Urban Climatology Export Citation (Shanghai: East China Normal University Press) (in Chinese) [周淑贞, 张超 1985 城市气候学导论 (上海: 华东师范大学出版社)]
[29]	Wei F Y 2007 Modern Diagnosis and Prediction of Climate Statistics (Beijing: Meteorological Press) (in Chinese) [魏凤英 2007 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术 (北京: 气象出版社)]
[30]	Wang K, Ye H, Chen F, Xiong Y Z, Li X Y, Tang L N 2010 Ecol. Environ. Sci. 19 1119 (in Chinese) [汪凯, 叶红, 陈峰, 熊永柱, 李祥余, 唐立娜 2010 生态环境学报 19 1119]
[31]	Cai Z Y, Zheng Y F, Liu J J, L Y, Wu R J 2009 J. Meteorol. Sci. 29 447 (in Chinese) [蔡子颖, 郑有飞, 刘建军, 吕妍, 吴荣军 2009 气象科学 29 447]
[32]	Du C L, Shen X Y, Chen W M, Shi S H 2008 J. Nanjing Ins. Meteorol. 32 200 (in Chinese) [杜春丽, 沈新勇, 陈渭民, 施帅红 2008 南京气象学院学报 32 200]
[33]	Kaiser D P 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3599
[34]	Kaiser D P 2000 Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2193
[35]	Li H J, Liu J X, Liu D S, Wang W J, Lin D 2014 J. Arid Meteorol. 32 194 (in Chinese) [李慧晶, 刘建西, 刘东升, 王维佳, 林丹 2014 干旱气象 32 194]
[36]	Yao X Y, Pu J Y, You Z G, Chen W 2010 J. Arid Meteorol. 28 391 (in Chinese) [姚小英, 蒲金勇, 尤志刚, 陈薇 2010 干旱气象 28 391]
[37]	Chen S Y, Dong A X, Wang L P 2006 J. Chengdu Univ. Inform. Technol. 21 423 (in Chinese) [陈少勇, 董安祥, 王丽萍 2006 成都信息工程学院学报 21 423]
[38]	Zhang X Q, Peng L L, Zheng D, Tao J 2007 Acta Geogr. Sin. 62 959 (in Chinese) [张雪芹, 彭莉莉, 郑度, 陶杰 2007 地理学报 62 959]
[39]	Norris J R, Wild M 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 D00D15
[40]	Ma J Y 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (in Chinese) [马金玉 2011 博士学位论文 (南京:南京信息工程大学)]
[41]	Ramanathan V, Crutzen P J, Kiehl J T, Rosenfeld D 2001 Science 294 2119
[42]	Liepert B G 2002 Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 61
[43]	Li X 2006 Arid Zone Res. 23 484 (in Chinese) [李霞 2006 干旱区研究 23 484]
[44]	Zhang H, Yin Q, Teruyuki N, Nakata M M, Lu P, He J H 2013 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 27 87
[45]	Shen Z P, Zhang H 2009 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 30 1209 (in Chinese) [沈钟平, 张华 2009 太阳能学报 30 1209]

Cited By

[1]	Shen Y B, Wang B 2011 Chin. J. Geophys. 54 1457 (in Chinese) [申彦波, 王标 2011 地球 54 1457]
[2]	Xia L, Zhang Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 119201 (in Chinese) [夏露, 张强 2014 63 119201]
[3]	Yue P, Zhang Q, Zhao W, Wang J S, Wang R Y, Yao Y B, Wang S, Hao X C, Yang F L, Wang R A 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 209201 (in Chinese) [岳平, 张强, 赵文, 王劲松, 王润元, 姚玉璧, 王胜, 郝小翠, 阳伏林, 王若安 2014 63 209201]
[4]	Qi Y, Fang S B, Zhou W Z {2014 Acta Ecol. Sin. 34 7444 (in Chinese) [齐月, 房世波, 周文佐 2014 生态学报 34 7444]
[5]	Shi G Y 2007 Atmospheric Radiation (Beijing: Science Press) (in Chinese) [石广玉 2007 大气辐射学 (北京: 科学出版社)]
[6]	Alpert P, Kishcha P, Kaufman Y J, Schwarzbard R 2005 Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 L17802
[7]	Wang X, Wen J, Liu R, Tian H, Zhang T T 2011 J. Arid Meteorol. 29 427 (in Chinese) [王欣, 文军, 刘蓉, 田辉, 张堂堂 2011 干旱气象 29 427]
[8]	Shao Z Y, Zhou T, Shi P J, Gong D Y 2009 Plateau Meteor. 28 1105 (in Chinese) [邵振艳, 周涛, 史培军, 龚道溢 2009 高原气象 28 1105]
[9]	Gilgen H, Wild M, Ohmura A 1998 J. Clim. 11 2042
[10]	Qian Y, Kaiser D P, Leung L R, Xu M 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L01812
[11]	Liang F, Xia X A 2005 Ann. Geophys. 23 2425
[12]	Kaiser D P, Qian Y 2002 Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 2042
[13]	Romanou A, Liepert B, Schmidt G A, Rossow W B, Ruedy R A, Zhang Y 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 L05713
[14]	Zhang M F, Lin Z Y 2011 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 22 53 (in Chinese) [张明锋, 林正云 2011 太阳能学报 22 53]
[15]	Ma J Y, Liang H, Luo Y, Li S K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 069601 (in Chinese) [马金玉, 梁宏, 罗勇, 李世奎 2011 60 069601]
[16]	Norris J R, Wild M 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 D08214
[17]	Elminir H K 2006 Meteor. Atmos. Phys. 96 257
[18]	Che H Z, Shi G Y, Zhang X Y, Zhao X Y, Li Y 2006 Theor. Appl. Climatol. 89 83
[19]	Zhang Y L, Qin B Q, Chen W M 2004 Theor. Appl. Climatol. 78 217
[20]	Qin S G, Shi G Y, Chen L, Wang B, Zhao J Q, Yu C W, Yang S 2010 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 34 449 (in Chinese) [秦世广, 石广玉, 陈林, 王标, 赵剑琦, 于长文, 杨溯 2010 大气科学 34 449]
[21]	Ding Y H, Liu Y J 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sci. 44 37 (in Chinese) [丁一汇, 柳艳菊 2014 中国科学:地球科学 44 37]
[22]	Ding Y H, Liu Y J 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sci. 57 36
[23]	Sun Y, Ma Z F, Niu T, Fu R Y, Hu J F 2013 Climatic Environ. Res. 18 397 (in Chinese) [孙彧, 马振峰, 牛涛, 付如友, 胡俊峰 2013 气候与环境研究 18 397]
[24]	Zhang L, Wu J, Zhang W 2011 J. Lanzhou Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 47 46 (in Chinese) [张利, 吴涧, 张武 2011 兰州大学学报 (自然科学版) 47 46]
[25]	Fan Y Q, Li C Q 2008 Plateau Meteor. 27 1392 (in Chinese) [范引琪, 李春强 2008 高原气象 27 1392]
[26]	China Meteorological Administration 1997 The Method of Radiation Observation (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) (in Chinese) [中国气象局 1997 气象辐射观测方法 (北京:气象出版社)]
[27]	Chen Q S 1997 Meteorol. Mon. 23 40 (in Chinese) [陈千盛 1997 气象 23 40]
[28]	Zhou S Z, Zhang C 1985 Urban Climatology Export Citation (Shanghai: East China Normal University Press) (in Chinese) [周淑贞, 张超 1985 城市气候学导论 (上海: 华东师范大学出版社)]
[29]	Wei F Y 2007 Modern Diagnosis and Prediction of Climate Statistics (Beijing: Meteorological Press) (in Chinese) [魏凤英 2007 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术 (北京: 气象出版社)]
[30]	Wang K, Ye H, Chen F, Xiong Y Z, Li X Y, Tang L N 2010 Ecol. Environ. Sci. 19 1119 (in Chinese) [汪凯, 叶红, 陈峰, 熊永柱, 李祥余, 唐立娜 2010 生态环境学报 19 1119]
[31]	Cai Z Y, Zheng Y F, Liu J J, L Y, Wu R J 2009 J. Meteorol. Sci. 29 447 (in Chinese) [蔡子颖, 郑有飞, 刘建军, 吕妍, 吴荣军 2009 气象科学 29 447]
[32]	Du C L, Shen X Y, Chen W M, Shi S H 2008 J. Nanjing Ins. Meteorol. 32 200 (in Chinese) [杜春丽, 沈新勇, 陈渭民, 施帅红 2008 南京气象学院学报 32 200]
[33]	Kaiser D P 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3599
[34]	Kaiser D P 2000 Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2193
[35]	Li H J, Liu J X, Liu D S, Wang W J, Lin D 2014 J. Arid Meteorol. 32 194 (in Chinese) [李慧晶, 刘建西, 刘东升, 王维佳, 林丹 2014 干旱气象 32 194]
[36]	Yao X Y, Pu J Y, You Z G, Chen W 2010 J. Arid Meteorol. 28 391 (in Chinese) [姚小英, 蒲金勇, 尤志刚, 陈薇 2010 干旱气象 28 391]
[37]	Chen S Y, Dong A X, Wang L P 2006 J. Chengdu Univ. Inform. Technol. 21 423 (in Chinese) [陈少勇, 董安祥, 王丽萍 2006 成都信息工程学院学报 21 423]
[38]	Zhang X Q, Peng L L, Zheng D, Tao J 2007 Acta Geogr. Sin. 62 959 (in Chinese) [张雪芹, 彭莉莉, 郑度, 陶杰 2007 地理学报 62 959]
[39]	Norris J R, Wild M 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114 D00D15
[40]	Ma J Y 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (in Chinese) [马金玉 2011 博士学位论文 (南京:南京信息工程大学)]
[41]	Ramanathan V, Crutzen P J, Kiehl J T, Rosenfeld D 2001 Science 294 2119
[42]	Liepert B G 2002 Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 61
[43]	Li X 2006 Arid Zone Res. 23 484 (in Chinese) [李霞 2006 干旱区研究 23 484]
[44]	Zhang H, Yin Q, Teruyuki N, Nakata M M, Lu P, He J H 2013 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 27 87
[45]	Shen Z P, Zhang H 2009 Acta Energ. Sol. Sin. 30 1209 (in Chinese) [沈钟平, 张华 2009 太阳能学报 30 1209]

[1]	Wang Ming-Jun, Wei Ya-Fei, Ke Xi-Zheng. Laser propagation transmission properties characteristics between airborne communication terminal and unmanned aerial vehicle target in complex atmospheric background. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(9): 094203. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20182052
[2]	Zhong Wen-Ting, Liu Jun, Hua Deng-Xin, Hou Hai-Yan, Yan Ke-Jun. Multi-wavelength light-emitting diode light source radar system and near-ground atmospheric aerosol detection. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(18): 184208. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180721
[3]	Wang Qian, Bi Yan-Meng, Yang Zhong-Dong. Simulation analysis of aerosol effect on shortwave infrared remote sensing detection of atmospheric CO2. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(3): 039202. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20171993
[4]	Di Hui-Ge, Hua Hang-Bo, Zhang Jia-Qi, Zhang Zhan-Fei, Hua Deng-Xin, Gao Fei, Wang Li, Xin Wen-Hui, Zhao Heng. Design and analysis of high-spectral resolution lidar discriminator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(18): 184202. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.184202
[5]	Zheng Li-Juan, Cheng Tian-Hai, Wu Yu. Effect of aggregated black carbon aging on infrared absorption and longwave radiative forcing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(16): 169201. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.169201
[6]	Zhang Yong-Yan, Wu Jiu-Hui, Zeng Tao, Zhong Hong-Min. Mechanism of eliminating the aerosol haze particles by using laser gradient force. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(7): 074203. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.074203
[7]	Zhao Hu, Hua Deng-Xin, Mao Jian-Dong, Zhou Chun-Yan. Correction to near-range multiwavelength lidar optical parameter based on the measurements of particle size distribution. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(12): 124208. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.124208
[8]	Wang Yang, Wagner Thomas, Li Ang, Xie Pin-Hua, Wu De-Xia, Chen Hao, Mou Fu-Sheng, Zhang Jie, Xu Jin, Wu Feng-Cheng, Liu Jian-Guo, Liu Wen-Qing, Zeng Yi. Research of classification of cloud and aerosol using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(11): 110708. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.110708
[9]	Di Hui-Ge, Hou Xiao-Long, Zhao Hu, Yan Lei-Jie, Wei Xin, Zhao Huan, Hua Deng-Xin. Detections and analyses of aerosol optical properties under different weather conditions using multi-wavelength Mie lidar. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(24): 244206. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.244206
[10]	Wang Yang, Li Ang, Xie Pin-Hua, Chen Hao, Xu Jin, Wu Feng-Cheng, Liu Jian-Guo, Liu Wen-Qing. Retrieving vertical profile of aerosol extinction by multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(18): 180705. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.180705
[11]	Wang Hong-Xia, Zhu You-Zhang, Tian Tao, Li Ai-Jun. Characteristics of laser transmission in different types of aerosols. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(2): 024214. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.024214
[12]	Wu Hao, Hou Wei, Qian Zhong-Hua, Hu Jing-Guo. The research on the sensitivity of climate change in China in recent 50 years based on composite index. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(14): 149205. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.149205
[13]	Si Fu-Qi, Xie Pin-Hua, Dou Ke, Zhan Kai, Liu Yu, Xu Jin, Liu Wen-Qing. Determination of the atmospheric aerosol optical density by multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(4): 2867-2872. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.2867
[14]	Bai Lu, Tang Shuang-Qing, Wu Zhen-Sen, Xie Pin-Hua, Wang Shi-Mei. Study of random sample scattering phase functions of polydisperse atmospheric aerosol in ultraviolet band. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(3): 1749-1755. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.1749
[15]	Xiong Kai-Guo, Feng Guo-Lin, Wang Qi-Guang, Hu Jing-Guo. Spatial-temporal characteristics of record-breaking temperature events over China in recent 46 years. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(11): 8107-8115. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.8107
[16]	Zhou Lei, Gong Zhi-Qiang, Zhi Rong, Feng Guo-Lin. Study on the regional characteristics of the temperature changes in China based on complex network. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(10): 7351-7358. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.7351
[17]	Zhou Lei, Gong Zhi-Qiang, Zhi Rong, Feng Guo-Lin. An approach to research the topology of Chinese temperature sequence based on complex network. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(11): 7380-7389. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.7380
[18]	Zhang Gai-Xia, Zhao Yue-Feng, Zhang Yin-Chao, Zhao Pei-Tao. A lidar system for monitoring planetary boundary layer aerosol in daytime. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(11): 7390-7395. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.7390
[19]	Hao Nan, Zhou Bin, Chen Li-Min. Measurement of nitrous acid and retrieval of aerosol parameters with differential optical absorption spectroscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(3): 1529-1533. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.1529
[20]	Si Fu-Qi, Liu Jian-Guo, Xie Pin-Hua, Zhang Yu-Jun, Dou Ke, Liu Wen-Qing. Determination of size distribution of atmospheric aerosol by DOAS. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(6): 3165-3169. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.3165

Catalog

Vol. 64, Issue 8 - 2015-04-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 14459
PDF Downloads: 4435
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板