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Quantum noise is an important factor influencing the quality of the images obtained by X-ray phase contrast imaging because it induces a random fluctuation on the intensity. In this paper, a method is reported to analyze the noise characteristics of hard X-ray differential phase contrast imaging, and the relationship between the quantum noise and images is determined by numerical simulation. The results show that the mean square deviations of the refractive and scattering images are inversely proportional to the visibility of moir fringe. That is to say, the higher visibility of moir fringe leads to the lower mean square deviations of the refractive and scattering images. Therefore, in the case of ensuring an enough X-ray detection efficiency, the improvement in the visibility of moir fringe will be beneficial to obtaining high-quality phase contrast images and the effective reduction of X-ray exposure dose.
[1] Fitzgerald R 2000 Phys. Today 53 23
[2] Henke B L, Gullikson E M, Davis J C 1993 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 181
[3] Chen B, Zhu P P, Liu Y J, Wang J Y, Yuan Q X, Huang W X, Ming H, Wu Z Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1576 (in Chinese) [陈博, 朱佩平, 刘宜晋, 王寯越, 袁清习, 黄万霞, 明海, 吴自玉 2008 57 1576]
[4] Du Y, Lei Y H, Liu X, Guo J C, Niu H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 068702 (in Chinese) [杜杨, 雷耀虎, 刘鑫, 郭金川, 牛憨笨 2013 62 068702]
[5] Lewis R A 2004 Phys. Med. Biol. 49 3573
[6] Zhou S A, Brahme A 2008 Phys. Med. 24 129
[7] Keyrilainen J, Bravin A, Fernandez M, Tenhunen M, Virkkunen P, Suortti P 2010 Acta Radiol. 51 866
[8] Pfeiffer F, Weitkamp T, Bunk O, David C 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 258
[9] Pfeiffer F, Bech M, Bunk O, Kraft P, Eikenberry F E, Bronnimann C, Grunzweig C, David C 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 134
[10] Du Y, Liu X, Lei Y H, Guo J C, Niu H B 2011 Opt. Express 19 22669
[11] Liu X, Guo J C 2011 Acta Photon. Sin. 40 242 (in Chinese) [刘鑫, 郭金川 2011 光子学报 40 242]
[12] Guo J C, Zhou B, Liu X, Ren X K, Niu H B 2011 J. Shenzhen Univ. (Sci. Eng. Ed.) 28 311
[13] Momose A, Yashiro W, Takeda Y 2008 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47 8077
[14] Revol V, Kottler C, Kaufmann R, Straumann U, Urban C 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 073709
[15] Engel K J, Geller D, Kohler T, Martens G, Schusser S, Vogtmeier G, Rossl E 2011 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 648 202
[16] David C, Nohammer B, Solak H H 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 3287
[17] Momose A, Kawamoto S, Koyama I, Hamaishi Y, Takai K, Suzuki Y 2003 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 L886
[18] Goodman J W (translated by Qin K C, Liu P S, Chen J B, Cao Q Z) 2006 Introduction to Fourier Optics (Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry) pp78-82 (in Chinese) [古德曼 J W著 (秦克诚, 刘培森, 陈家璧, 曹其智译) 2006 傅里叶光学导论 (北京: 电子工业出版社) 第78–82页]
[19] An Y Y, Zeng X D 2004 Principle of Photoelectric Detection (Xi'an: Xidian University Press) pp238-239 (in Chinese) [安毓英, 曾晓东 2004 光电探测原理 (西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社) 第238–239页]
[20] Sun R H, Yi H Y, Liu Q S, He Z S 2000 Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics (Chongqing: Chongqing University Press) pp107-110 (in Chinese) [孙荣恒, 伊亨云, 刘琼荪, 何中市 2000 概率论和数理统计 (重庆: 重庆大学出版社) 第107–110页]
[21] Weitkamp T, Diaz A, David C, Pfeiffer F, Stampanoni M, Cloetens P, Ziegler E 2005 Opt. Express 13 6296
[22] Yang Q, Liu X, Guo J C, Lei Y H, Huang J H, Niu H B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 160702 (in Chinese) [杨强, 刘鑫, 郭金川, 雷耀虎, 黄建衡, 牛憨笨 2012 61 160702]
[23] Lei Y H, Liu X, Guo J C, Zhao Z G, Niu H B 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 042901
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[1] Fitzgerald R 2000 Phys. Today 53 23
[2] Henke B L, Gullikson E M, Davis J C 1993 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 54 181
[3] Chen B, Zhu P P, Liu Y J, Wang J Y, Yuan Q X, Huang W X, Ming H, Wu Z Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1576 (in Chinese) [陈博, 朱佩平, 刘宜晋, 王寯越, 袁清习, 黄万霞, 明海, 吴自玉 2008 57 1576]
[4] Du Y, Lei Y H, Liu X, Guo J C, Niu H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 068702 (in Chinese) [杜杨, 雷耀虎, 刘鑫, 郭金川, 牛憨笨 2013 62 068702]
[5] Lewis R A 2004 Phys. Med. Biol. 49 3573
[6] Zhou S A, Brahme A 2008 Phys. Med. 24 129
[7] Keyrilainen J, Bravin A, Fernandez M, Tenhunen M, Virkkunen P, Suortti P 2010 Acta Radiol. 51 866
[8] Pfeiffer F, Weitkamp T, Bunk O, David C 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 258
[9] Pfeiffer F, Bech M, Bunk O, Kraft P, Eikenberry F E, Bronnimann C, Grunzweig C, David C 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 134
[10] Du Y, Liu X, Lei Y H, Guo J C, Niu H B 2011 Opt. Express 19 22669
[11] Liu X, Guo J C 2011 Acta Photon. Sin. 40 242 (in Chinese) [刘鑫, 郭金川 2011 光子学报 40 242]
[12] Guo J C, Zhou B, Liu X, Ren X K, Niu H B 2011 J. Shenzhen Univ. (Sci. Eng. Ed.) 28 311
[13] Momose A, Yashiro W, Takeda Y 2008 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47 8077
[14] Revol V, Kottler C, Kaufmann R, Straumann U, Urban C 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 073709
[15] Engel K J, Geller D, Kohler T, Martens G, Schusser S, Vogtmeier G, Rossl E 2011 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 648 202
[16] David C, Nohammer B, Solak H H 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 3287
[17] Momose A, Kawamoto S, Koyama I, Hamaishi Y, Takai K, Suzuki Y 2003 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42 L886
[18] Goodman J W (translated by Qin K C, Liu P S, Chen J B, Cao Q Z) 2006 Introduction to Fourier Optics (Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry) pp78-82 (in Chinese) [古德曼 J W著 (秦克诚, 刘培森, 陈家璧, 曹其智译) 2006 傅里叶光学导论 (北京: 电子工业出版社) 第78–82页]
[19] An Y Y, Zeng X D 2004 Principle of Photoelectric Detection (Xi'an: Xidian University Press) pp238-239 (in Chinese) [安毓英, 曾晓东 2004 光电探测原理 (西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社) 第238–239页]
[20] Sun R H, Yi H Y, Liu Q S, He Z S 2000 Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics (Chongqing: Chongqing University Press) pp107-110 (in Chinese) [孙荣恒, 伊亨云, 刘琼荪, 何中市 2000 概率论和数理统计 (重庆: 重庆大学出版社) 第107–110页]
[21] Weitkamp T, Diaz A, David C, Pfeiffer F, Stampanoni M, Cloetens P, Ziegler E 2005 Opt. Express 13 6296
[22] Yang Q, Liu X, Guo J C, Lei Y H, Huang J H, Niu H B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 160702 (in Chinese) [杨强, 刘鑫, 郭金川, 雷耀虎, 黄建衡, 牛憨笨 2012 61 160702]
[23] Lei Y H, Liu X, Guo J C, Zhao Z G, Niu H B 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 042901
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