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The SnSb/C composite material is prepared by using the carbonthermal reduction to deal with the mixture of SnO2 and SbO3, respectively with different carbon reductant-glucose and mesocarbon microbead (MCMB). The morphologies and electrochemical properties of two kinds of structures of SnSb/C composite are compared. To characterize the phase and morphology of the composite material, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and scanning electron microscope are used. The current charge and discharge, cyclic voltammograms and AC impedancetests are also used to test the electrochemical performance of SnSb/C. The experimental results show that a kind of core-shell structure, of which the alloy particle serves as the core and the pyrolytic carbon as the outside shell, is formed when the glucose is used as the reducing agent. The first discharge specific capacity is 793.379 mA·h/g and it is still kept at 449.987 mA·h/g after 50 cycles. However, when the MCMB is used as the reducing agent, there are only a few of alloy particles attaching to the surface of MCMB, and it is not a kind of core-shell structure but a mixture of alloy particles and MCMB spheres. Its initial discharge specific capacity is 1164.938 mA·h/g, and after 50 cycles it is only 290.807 mA·h/g.
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Keywords:
- SnSb/C /
- carbonthermal reduction /
- lithium ion battery /
- mesocarbon microbeads
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[1] Scrosati B 1995 Nature 373 557
[2] Wang Y X, Chou S L, Kim J H, Liu H K, Dou S X 2013 Electrochim. Acta 93 213
[3] Chen Z X, Xie K, Hong X B 2013 Electrochim. Acta 108 674
[4] Derrien G, Hassoun J, Panero S, Scrosati B 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 2336
[5] Gnanamuthu R M, Mohan S, Lee C W 2012 Mater. Lett. 84 101
[6] Fang G Q, Kaneko S, Liu W W, Xia B B, Sun H D, Zhang R X, Zheng J W, Li D C 2013 Electrochim. Acta 111 627
[7] Hou X H, Hu S J, Li W S, Ru Q, Yu H W, Huang Z W 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3422
[8] Huang Z W, Hu S J, Hou X H, Zhao L Z, Ru Q, Li W S, Zhang Z W 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 117101
[9] Hassoun J, Derrien G, Panero S, Scrosati B 2008 J. Power Sources 183 339
[10] Morcrette M, Larcher D, Tarascon J M, Edström K, Vaughey J T, Thackeray M M 2007 Electrochim. Acta 52 5339
[11] Zheng Y X, Xie J, Liu S Y, Song W T, Cao G S, Zhu T J, Zhao X B 2012 J. Power Sources 202 276
[12] Wang J L, Li Z H, Yang J, Tang J J, Yu J J, Nie W B, Lei G T, Xiao Q Z 2012 Electrochim. Acta 75 115
[13] Lu X H, Zhao W X, Li G R, Hong H E, Tong Y X 2008 Mater. Lett. 62 4280
[14] Wang F, Xu S H, Zhu S S, Peng H, Huang R, Wang L W, Xie X H, Chu P K 2013 Electrochim. Acta 87 250
[15] Si Q, Hanai K, Imanishi N, Kubo M, Hirano A, Takeda Y, Yamamoto O 2009 J. Power Sources 189 761
[16] Jo Y N, Kim Y, Kim J S, Song J H, Kim K J, Kwag C Y, Lee D J, Park C W, Kim Y J 2010 J. Power Sources 195 6031
[17] Ru Q, Hu S J, Zhang Z W, Peng W, Hou X H, Huang Z W 2010 Chin. Sci. Bull. 55 3113
[18] Hou X H, Yu H W, Hu S J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8226 (in Chinese) [侯贤华, 余洪文, 胡社军 2010 59 8226]
[19] Park C M, Sohn H J 2009 Electrochim. Acta 54 6367
[20] Chang C C 2008 J. Power Sources 175 874
[21] Simonin L, Lafont U, Kelder E M 2008 J. Power Sources 180 859
[22] Zhang S C, Xing Y L, Jiang T, Du Z J, Li F, He L, Liu W B 2011 J. Power Sources 196 6915
[23] Mukaibo H, Momma T, Osaka T 2005 J. Power Sources 146 457
[24] Wachtler M, Winter M, Besenhard J O 2002 J. Power Sources 105 151
[25] Liu Y, Xie J Y, Yang J 2003 J. Power Sources 119-121 572
[26] Wu X D, Wang Z X, Chen L Q, Huang X J 2004 Carbon 42 1965
[27] Fan S F, Sun T, Rui X H, Yan Q Y, Hng H H 2012 J. Power Sources 201 288
[28] Li H, Wang Q, Shi L H, Chen L Q, Huang X J 2002 Chem. Mater. 14 103
[29] Shi L H, Li H, Wang Z X, Huang X J, Chen L Q 2001 J. Mater. Chem. 11 1502
[30] Wang Z, Tian W H, Liu X H, Yang R, Li X G 2007 J. Solid State Chem. 180 3360
[31] Liu S, Li Q, Chen Y X, Zhang F J 2009 J. Alloys Compd. 478 694
[32] Lai J, Guo H J, Wang Z X, Li X H, Zhang X P, Wu F X, Yue P 2012 J. Alloys Compd. 530 30
[33] Li J, Ru Q, Sun D W, Zhang B B, Hu S J, Hou X H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 098201 (in Chinese) [李娟, 汝强, 孙大伟, 张贝贝, 胡社军, 侯贤华 2013 62 098201]
[34] McCann J T, Lim B, Ostermann R, Rycenga M, Marquez M, Xia Y N 2007 Nano Lett. 7 2470
[35] Guo J C, Chen X L, Wang C S 2010 J. Mater. Chem. 20 5035
[36] Li J, Ru Q, Hu S J, Sun D W, Zhang B B, Hou X H 2013 Electrochim. Acta 113 505
[37] Ru Q, Tian Q, Hu S J, Zhao L Z 2011 Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 18 216
[38] Balan L, Schneider R, Billaud D, Lambert J, Ghanbaja J 2005 Mater. Lett. 59 2898
[39] Trifonova A, Wachtler M, Wagner M R, Schroettner H, Mitterbauer C, Hofer F, Möller K C, Winter M, Besenhard J O 2004 Solid State Ionics 168 51
[40] Hassoun J, Derrien G, Panero S, Scrosati B 2009 Electrochim. Acta 54 4441
[41] Suo L M, Hu Y S, Li H, Armand M, Chen L Q 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1481
[42] Suo L M, Hu Y S, Li H, Wang Z X, Chen L Q, Huang X J 2013 Chin. Sci. Bull. 58 3172 (in Chinese) [索鎏敏, 胡勇胜, 李泓, 王兆翔, 陈立泉, 黄学杰 2013 科学通报 58 3172]
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