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A novel mechanism of cascaded difference frequency generation (DFG) is advanced in this article to solve the problem of low-efficiency in terahertz (THz) DFG. The cascaded DFG process is theoretically analyzed using ZnTe crystal as an example. The optimal pumping condition and crystal length is obtained, and the effects of crystal absorption, wave number mis-match and pumping intensity are investigated by solving the coupling wave equations of cascaded DFG. It is obviously seen from the calculation results that the terahertz conversion efficiency can be greatly enhanced in cascaded DFG, in which the photon conversion efficiency can even break through the Manley-Rowe limit.
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Keywords:
- terahertz radiation /
- difference frequency generation /
- cascaded /
- ZnTe crystal
[1] Shikata J, Kawasa K, Karino K, Taniuchi T, Ito H 2000 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 48 653
[2] Sun B, Liu J S, Ling F R, Wang K J, Zhu D Q, Yao J Q 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1745 (in Chinese) [孙 博、刘劲松、凌福日、王可嘉、朱大庆、姚建铨 2009 58 1745]
[3] Sun B, Liu J S, Li E B, Yao J Q 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2846
[4] Li Z Y,Yao J Q, Li J, Bing P B, Xu D G, Wang P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6237 (in Chinese) [李忠洋、姚建铨、李 俊、邴丕彬、徐德刚、王 鹏 2010 596237]
[5] Kawase K, Mizuno M, Sohma, Takahashi H, Taniuchi T, Urata Y, Wada S, Tashiro H, Ito H 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 1065
[6] Kawase K, Hatanaka T, Takahashi H, Nakamura K, Taniuchi T, Ito H 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1714
[7] Shi W, Ding Y J, Fernelius N, Vodopyanov K 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1454
[8] Shi W, Ding Y J 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 848
[9] Sun B, Yao J Q, Wang Z, Wang P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1390 (in Chinese) [孙 博、姚建铨、王 卓、王 鹏 2007 56 1390]
[10] Liu H, Xu D G, Yao J Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5662 (in Chinese) [刘 欢、徐德刚、姚建铨 2008 57 5662]
[11] Huang N, Li X F, Liu H J, Xia C P 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8326 (in Chinese) [黄 楠、李雪峰、刘红军、夏彩鹏 2009 58 8326]
[12] Liu H, Xu D G, Yao J Q 2009 Chin Phy. B 18 1077
[13] Wang Z, Wang Y Y, Yao J Q, Wang P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3249 (in Chinese) [王 卓、王与烨、姚建铨、王 鹏 2010 59 3249]
[14] Zhong K, Yao J Q, Xu D G, Wang Z, Li Z Y, Zhang H Y, Wang P 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 3520
[15] Tochitsky S Ya, Ralph J E, Sung C, Joshi 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 026101
[16] Tochitsky S Ya, Sung C, Trubnick S E, Joshi C, Vodopyanov K L 2007 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24 2509
[17] Ji J R, Feng Y 2008 Advanced Optics Textbook (Beijing: Science Press) p60 (in Chinese) [家 镕、冯 莹2008高等光学教程 (北京:科学出版社) 第60页]
[18] Qian S X, Wang G M 2001 Nonlinear Optics (Shanghai: Fudan University Press) p87 (in Chinese) [钱士雄、王恭明 2001 非线性光学(上海:复旦大学出版社) 第87页]
[19] Cronin-Golomb M 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2046
[20] Yuan T, Xu J Z, Zhang X C 2004 Infrared Phys. Techn. 45 417
[21] Vodopyanov K L, Fejer M M, Yu X, Harris J S, Lee Y S, Hurlbut W C, Kozlov V G, Bliss D, Lynch C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 141119
[22] Lee Y S, Hurlbut W C, Vodopyanov K L, Fejer M M, Kozlov V G 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 181104
[23] Trubnick S E, Tochitsky S Ya, Joshi C 2009 Opt. Express 17 2385
[24] Schaar J E, Vodopyanov K L, Fejer M M 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 1284
[25] Skauli T, Kuo P S, Vodopyanov K L, Pinguet T J, Levi O, Eyres L A, Harris J S, Fejer M M, Gerard B, Becouarn L, Lallier E 2003 J Appl. Phys. 94 6447
[26] Vodopyanov K L 2008 Laser Photon. Rev. 2 11
[27] Schaar J E, Vodopyanov K L, Kuo P S, Fejer M M, Yu X, Lin A, Harris J S, Bliss D, Lynch C, Kozlov V, Hurlbut W 2008 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14 354
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[1] Shikata J, Kawasa K, Karino K, Taniuchi T, Ito H 2000 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 48 653
[2] Sun B, Liu J S, Ling F R, Wang K J, Zhu D Q, Yao J Q 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1745 (in Chinese) [孙 博、刘劲松、凌福日、王可嘉、朱大庆、姚建铨 2009 58 1745]
[3] Sun B, Liu J S, Li E B, Yao J Q 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2846
[4] Li Z Y,Yao J Q, Li J, Bing P B, Xu D G, Wang P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6237 (in Chinese) [李忠洋、姚建铨、李 俊、邴丕彬、徐德刚、王 鹏 2010 596237]
[5] Kawase K, Mizuno M, Sohma, Takahashi H, Taniuchi T, Urata Y, Wada S, Tashiro H, Ito H 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 1065
[6] Kawase K, Hatanaka T, Takahashi H, Nakamura K, Taniuchi T, Ito H 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1714
[7] Shi W, Ding Y J, Fernelius N, Vodopyanov K 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1454
[8] Shi W, Ding Y J 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 848
[9] Sun B, Yao J Q, Wang Z, Wang P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1390 (in Chinese) [孙 博、姚建铨、王 卓、王 鹏 2007 56 1390]
[10] Liu H, Xu D G, Yao J Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5662 (in Chinese) [刘 欢、徐德刚、姚建铨 2008 57 5662]
[11] Huang N, Li X F, Liu H J, Xia C P 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8326 (in Chinese) [黄 楠、李雪峰、刘红军、夏彩鹏 2009 58 8326]
[12] Liu H, Xu D G, Yao J Q 2009 Chin Phy. B 18 1077
[13] Wang Z, Wang Y Y, Yao J Q, Wang P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3249 (in Chinese) [王 卓、王与烨、姚建铨、王 鹏 2010 59 3249]
[14] Zhong K, Yao J Q, Xu D G, Wang Z, Li Z Y, Zhang H Y, Wang P 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 3520
[15] Tochitsky S Ya, Ralph J E, Sung C, Joshi 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 026101
[16] Tochitsky S Ya, Sung C, Trubnick S E, Joshi C, Vodopyanov K L 2007 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24 2509
[17] Ji J R, Feng Y 2008 Advanced Optics Textbook (Beijing: Science Press) p60 (in Chinese) [家 镕、冯 莹2008高等光学教程 (北京:科学出版社) 第60页]
[18] Qian S X, Wang G M 2001 Nonlinear Optics (Shanghai: Fudan University Press) p87 (in Chinese) [钱士雄、王恭明 2001 非线性光学(上海:复旦大学出版社) 第87页]
[19] Cronin-Golomb M 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 2046
[20] Yuan T, Xu J Z, Zhang X C 2004 Infrared Phys. Techn. 45 417
[21] Vodopyanov K L, Fejer M M, Yu X, Harris J S, Lee Y S, Hurlbut W C, Kozlov V G, Bliss D, Lynch C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 141119
[22] Lee Y S, Hurlbut W C, Vodopyanov K L, Fejer M M, Kozlov V G 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 181104
[23] Trubnick S E, Tochitsky S Ya, Joshi C 2009 Opt. Express 17 2385
[24] Schaar J E, Vodopyanov K L, Fejer M M 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 1284
[25] Skauli T, Kuo P S, Vodopyanov K L, Pinguet T J, Levi O, Eyres L A, Harris J S, Fejer M M, Gerard B, Becouarn L, Lallier E 2003 J Appl. Phys. 94 6447
[26] Vodopyanov K L 2008 Laser Photon. Rev. 2 11
[27] Schaar J E, Vodopyanov K L, Kuo P S, Fejer M M, Yu X, Lin A, Harris J S, Bliss D, Lynch C, Kozlov V, Hurlbut W 2008 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14 354
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