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通过改变四正辛基溴化铵(TOABr)用量和Cs/Pb摩尔比, 在室温下采用一步单溶剂法成功制备出单斜相CsPbBr3和六方相Cs4PbBr6两种相结构可调的钙钛矿纳米晶. 研究发现, 当TOABr浓度较低时(Cs/Pb/Br = 1∶1∶4), 体系中主要生成了单斜相的CsPbBr3纳米立方块, 该立方块主要经历了快速成核、尺寸分布聚焦生长和Ostwald熟化生长3个阶段, 最终尺寸为(11.8 ± 1.6) nm. 随着TOABr用量的增加, Br–与Pb2+结合形成[PbBr3]–和少量的[PbBr4]2–络合物, 两种络合物相互竞争. 在成核期和生长早期体系中[PbBr3]–占主导, 因而形成大量的CsPbBr3纳米晶, 随着反应的进行, 体系中过量的Br–会与纳米晶中的Pb相互作用, 导致CsPbBr3纳米晶部分转变为具有六边形形状的Cs4PbBr6纳米晶, 同时[PbBr4]2–络合物的存在使得Cs4PbBr6纳米晶继续长大, 最终形成以CsPbBr3为发光中心的CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6复合纳米晶. 只有当TOABr用量为0.32 mmol时所得的CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 复合纳米晶其光学性能和稳定性表现最佳. 在此浓度下改变Cs/Pb摩尔比只影响CsPbBr3纳米晶和Cs4PbBr6纳米晶在体系中的相对含量, 当Cs4PbBr6纳米晶含量较高时其荧光强度和稳定性相对较差. 该工作对低温可控合成高效稳定的铯铅卤钙钛矿纳米晶提供一定思路.
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关键词:
- CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6复合纳米晶 /
- 原位研究 /
- 相转变 /
- 形成动力学
All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites have shown great potential applications in optoelectronic field due to their fascinating optical properties. Although perovskite materials have achieved great success in various fields, their inherent ionic properties and high dynamic surface properties have led to their poor stability, hindering their applications. The preparation of CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance their photoluminescence properties and stability. Herein, we report an easy synthesis of CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals with a diphase structure at room temperature by using Cs-OA, Pb-OA and TOABr as precursors in toluene. It is found that the phase transformation and the relative composition between CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 are dependent on the concentration of TOABr and the ratio of Cs/Pb. The in-situ PL experiments reveal that the formation of ~12 nm CsPbBr3 nanocubes experiences the fast nucleation, the focusing growth of size-distribution in early growth stage and Ostwald ripening growth in the later stage at a TOABr concentration of 0.16 mmol. With the increase of concentration of TOABr or molar ratio of Cs/Pb > 1 (Cs/Pb < 1), [PbBr4]2– complex and [PbBr3]– complex can coexist and compete with each other in toluene, and the CsPbBr3 nucleations dominate in the early stage, then CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposites are gradually formed on CsPbBr3 nucleations as photoluminescence centers due to the continuous generation of [PbBr4]2– complex between TOABr and Pb2+. The relative composition of Cs4PbBr6 in CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposites can be improved from 4% to 85% with the concentration of TOABr increasing or Cs/Pb < 1. The optimized CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 composite nanocrystals possess high PLQY and stability. Our work provides an understanding of the mechanism of phase transformation in cesium lead halide perovskite materials.-
Keywords:
- CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 composite nanocrystals /
- in-situ study /
- phase transformation /
- formation kinetic
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图 1 不同TOABr用量下所得铯铅溴纳米晶溶液的PL光谱(a)和UV-vis吸收光谱(b)
Fig. 1. (a) PL spectra (a) and UV-vis absorption spectra (b) of cesium lead bromide nanocrystal suspension at different dosages of TOABr.
图 2 (a)—(d)不同TOABr用量下所得铯铅溴纳米晶的TEM表征和晶粒尺寸统计结果, 其中(a) Br 0.16 mmol; (b) Br 0.24 mmol; (c) Br 0.32 mmol; (d) Br 0.4 mmol; (e)为图(c)中选择的任意样品区域的HRTEM图(黄色线圈为出现小黑点区域), (f)为小黑点晶粒的尺寸分布图
Fig. 2. TEM images and the corresponding histograms of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different dosages of TOABr: (a) Br 0.16 mmol, (b) Br 0.24 mmol, (c) Br 0.32 mmol, and (d) Br 0.4 mmol. (e) HRTEM image of sample in panel (c) (the yellow circles represent the small black dots); (f) size distribution of the small black dots from panel (e).
图 3 不同TOABr用量下所得铯铅溴钙钛矿纳米晶的XRD图谱
Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction patterns of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different dosages of TOABr.
图 4 不同浓度的TOABr前驱体与Pb-OA前驱体混合所得溶液的UV-vis图
Fig. 4. UV-vis absorption spectra of the solution obtained by mixing Pb-OA precursor and different concentration of TOABr precursor.
图 5 不同Cs/Pb摩尔比下所得铯铅溴纳米晶溶液的(a) PL光谱和(b) UV-vis吸收光谱
Fig. 5. (a) PL spectra and (b) UV-vis absorption spectra of cesium lead bromide nanocrystal suspension at different molar ratio of Cs/Pb.
图 6 不同Cs/Pb摩尔比下所得铯铅溴纳米晶的XRD图
Fig. 6. X-ray diffraction patterns of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different molar ratio of Cs/Pb.
图 7 不同Cs/Pb摩尔比下所得铯铅溴纳米晶的TEM表征结果和尺寸分布图 (a) 2∶1; (b) 2∶2; (c) 2∶3
Fig. 7. TEM images and the corresponding histograms of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different molar ratio of Cs/Pb: (a) 2∶1; (b) 2∶2; (c) 2∶3.
图 8 不同溴用量下所得铯铅溴纳米晶在80 s内的原位PL光谱图, 插图为纳米晶在80 s后的离线PL光谱图
Fig. 8. In-situ PL spectra of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different dosages of bromide ions within 80 s. The inset shows the ex-situ PL spectra of nanocrystals at reaction time after 80 s.
图 9 不同溴用量下所得铯铅溴纳米晶的PL峰峰位(a)、半峰宽(b)及峰强(c)随反应时间的变化规律图
Fig. 9. Changes in PL peak position (a), FWHM (b), peak intensity (c) of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different dosages of Br– as a function of reaction time.
图 10 不同Cs/Pb摩尔比下所得铯铅溴纳米晶的PL峰峰位(a)、半峰宽(b)及峰强(c)随反应时间的变化规律图
Fig. 10. Changes in PL peak position (a), FWHM (b), peak intensity (c) of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals synthesized at different molar ratio of Cs/Pb as a function of reaction time.
图 11 CsPbBr3纳米晶和CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6复合纳米晶的生长机理图
Fig. 11. Schematic presentation of growth mechanisms of CsPbBr3 NCs and CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 composite NCs.
表 1 不同TOABr用量下所得纳米晶中单斜相CsPbBr3和六方相Cs4PbBr6的相占比
Table 1. Proportion of CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 in nanocrystals synthesized at different dosages of TOABr.
溴用量/mmol 0.16 0.24 0.32 0.4 CsPbBr3相占比/% 96 89 58 17 Cs4PbBr6相占比/% 4 11 42 83 
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表 2 不同Cs/Pb摩尔比下所得纳米晶中CsPbBr3相和Cs4PbBr6相的占比情况
Table 2. Proportion of CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 in nanocrystals synthesized at different molar ratio of Cs/Pb.
Cs/Pb摩尔比 2∶1 2∶2 2∶3 CsPbBr3相占比/% 15 58 28 Cs4PbBr6相占比/% 85 42 72
下载: 导出CSV
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[1] Peng C, Zhang R, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhang S L, Fang T, Guo R, Zhang J, Shan Q, Jin Y, Wang L, Hou L, Zeng H B 2023 Adv. Mater. 35 2206969
Google Scholar
[2] Kim Y H, Kim S, Kakekhani A, et al. 2021 Nat. Photonics 15 148
Google Scholar
[3] Liu X K, Xu W, Bai S, Jin Y, Wang J, Friend R H, Gao F 2021 Nat. Mater. 20 10
Google Scholar
[4] Protesescu L, Yakunin S, Bodnarchuk M I, Krieg F, Caputo R, Hendon C H, Yang R X, Walsh A, Kovalenko M V 2015 Nano Lett. 15 3692
Google Scholar
[5] Li X M, Wu Y, Zhang S L, Cai B, Gu Y, Song J Z, Zeng H B 2016 Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 2435
Google Scholar
[6] Ng C K, Wang C, Jasieniak J J 2019 Langmuir 35 11609
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[7] Ng C K, Yin W, Li H, Jasieniak J J 2020 Nanoscale 12 4859
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[8] Chen M, Zou Y T, Wu L Z, Pan Q, Yang D, Hu H C, Tan Y S, Zhong Q X, Xu Y, Liu H Y, Sun B Q, Zhang Q 2017 Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 1701121
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[38] Kovalenko M V, Protesescu L, Bodnarchuk M I 2017 Science 358 745
Google Scholar
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