抗方阻波动的超宽带轻薄频率选择表面吸波体

王东俊; 孙子涵; 张袁; 唐莉; 闫丽萍

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231365

摘要

满足宽带、极化和入射角度稳定、轻薄和强吸收等高性能要求的电阻膜频率选择表面(FSS)吸波体设计难度大, 且易因加工中方阻波动导致吸波性能变化. 为此, 本文首先分析了方阻波动影响电阻膜FSS吸波体性能的机理, 提出抗方阻波动的FSS吸波体设计方法. 在此基础上, 提出利用不同层FSS阻抗随频率变化互补的扩展带宽方法, 结合弯折小型化设计, 获得了超宽带、极化和角度稳定的轻薄型抗方阻波动FSS吸波体. 该FSS吸波体在TE和TM极化下, 90%吸波带宽为1.50—20.50 GHz (相对带宽173%), 厚度仅为0.093λ_L. TE极化波80%吸波的角度稳定性可达45°, 而TM极化波90%吸波的角度稳定性可达70°. 当每层FSS方阻在12—30 Ω/sq范围内波动时, 吸波体的90%吸波带宽仍保持在167.0%. 实验测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合, 证明了所提方法的有效性.

关键词:

Abstract

The design of thin frequency selective surface (FSS) absorber based on resistive film that meets the requirements of broadband, polarization independence, incident angle stability, and strong absorption is a challenging task. Fabrication tolerance of resistive film can result in fluctuations in sheet resistance, which negatively affects the absorber performance. To tackle these problems, this work firstly investigates how sheet resistance fluctuations affect the absorbing performance of resistive film FSS absorber. The analysis of simulated surface current density distribution and impedance reveals that the diversity of current paths provides an effective way to mitigate the influence of sheet resistance fluctuation. This is achieved by enabling flexible variation of surface current in response to sheet resistance fluctuations. Consequently, the variation of input impedance of the FSS absorber due to the fluctuation of sheet resistance is suppressed within a small range. Then, a method of extending bandwidth is proposed by employing the complementary variation of FSS impedance with frequency at different layers. By combining this approach with a miniaturization design, a thin and light FSS absorber is developed that exhibits ultra-wide bandwidth, polarization independence and angle stability while mitigating the effects of sheet resistance perturbation. The proposed FSS absorber achieves a 90% absorption bandwidth from 1.50 GHz to 20.50 GHz, covering Ku, X, C, S bands and part of the L and K bands, with a relative bandwidth reaching 173%. The absorber has a thickness of 0.093λ_L for both transverse electric (TE) polarization and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, yielding a figure of merit (FoM, the ratio of the theoretical minimum thickness to the actual thickness) of 0.95, indicating that the thickness is close to the theoretical limit. The absorber maintains over 90% absorption rate for TM polarization at an incidence angle of up to 70°, and 80% absorption for TE polarization at 45°. Furthermore, the 90% absorbance bandwidth of the absorber remains at 167.0% when the sheet resistance of any FSS layer fluctuates within a range from 12 to 30 Ω/sq. A prototype of the proposed FSS absorber is fabricated and measured, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司, 成都　610073

2.
四川大学电子信息学院, 成都　610065

3.
电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院, 成都　611731

通信作者: 闫丽萍, liping_yan@scu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金 (批准号: U22A2015)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Chengdu Aircraft Industrial (Group) Co. LTD., Chengdu 610073, China

2.
College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

3.
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Corresponding author: Yan Li-Ping, liping_yan@scu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U22A2015).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 分形FSS吸波体结构　(a) 无方环时和 (b) 有方环时的十字分形FSS单元结构; (c) 吸波体侧视图

Fig. 1. Structure of the proposed fractal FSS absorber: The cross-fractal structure (a) without and (b) with square ring; (c) side view of the absorber.

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图 2 分形FSS吸波体的反射系数

Fig. 2. The scattering parameters of the fractal FSS absorber.

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图 3 不同方阻时分形FSS吸波体的 (a)反射系数和(b)吸波率

Fig. 3. (a) Reflection coefficient and (b) absorption rate of the fractal FSS absorbers with respect to different sheet resistance.

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图 4 分形FSS吸波体的输入阻抗随方阻波动的变化　(a) 等效电阻; (b) 等效电抗

Fig. 4. Input impedance of the fractal FSS absorber with respect to fluctuation of sheet resistance: (a) Resistance; (b) reactance.

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图 5 高性能FSS吸波体结构图　(a) 整体结构; (b) FSS I, (c) FSS II 和(d) FSS III的单元结构

Fig. 5. Configuration of the proposed FSS absorber: (a) Perspective view; unit cell of (b) FSS I, (c) FSS II and (d) FSS III.

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图 6 FSS 吸波体(a)分层结构示意图及(b)输入电导和(c)输入电纳

Fig. 6. The schematic (a) and input conductance (b) and susceptance (c) of the proposed FSS absorber.

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图 7 各层处的输入阻抗　(a) 等效电阻; (b) 等效电抗

Fig. 7. Input impedance at each layer: (a) Resistance; (b) reactance.

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图 8 FSS 吸波体散射参数

Fig. 8. The scattering parameters of the proposed FSS absorber.

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图 9 FSS 吸波体吸波率随入射角的变化　(a) TE 极化; (b) TM 极化

Fig. 9. Absorption rate with respect to incident angles for (a) TE and (b) TM polarizations.

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图 10 (a) FSS Ⅰ, (b) FSS Ⅱ 和 (c) FSS Ⅲ 方阻 R_s1, R_s2, R_s3变化对吸波率的影响（注意: 当一层 FSS 层方阻变化时, 另外两层取原值）

Fig. 10. Effects of (a) R_s1, (b) R_s2 and (c) R_s3 on absorption rate of the proposed FSS absorber. Note that when the sheet resistance of one FSS layer changes, the other two layers take their original values

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图 11 (a) FSS Ⅰ 方阻为 5 Ω/sq 和(b) FSS Ⅰ 方阻为 35 Ω/sq 时其他 FSS 层方阻同时变化对吸波率的影响

Fig. 11. Effects of simultaneous variation of square resistances of 2nd and 3rd layers on the absorption performance.

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图 12 (a) 加工样件; (b) 实验测试系统

Fig. 12. (a) Fabricated prototype; (b) the experimental setup

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图 13 (a) TE 与(b) TM 极化下垂直入射测试结果与仿真结果对比

Fig. 13. Comparison of measurement and simulation results of (a) TE and (b) TM polarizations for normal incidence.

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图 14 (a) TE 与(b) TM 极化下不同入射角吸波率测试结果

Fig. 14. The measured absorption rate of (a) TE and (b) TM polarizations with respect to incident angles.

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表 1 分形FSS吸波体参数

Table 1. Structural parameters of the fractal FSS absorber.

参量	值/mm	参量	值/mm
l₁	3.90	w₁	0.58
l₂	2.59	w₂	0.58
l₃	1.38	w₃	0.20
P	11.85	t₁	0.175
h	5.00	t₂	0.05

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表 2 不同方阻情况下分形FSS吸波体的表面电流密度分布

Table 2. Surface current density of the fractal FSS absorber for different sheet resistance

频率	方阻
频率	8 Ω/sq	11 Ω/sq	14 Ω/sq	17 Ω/sq	21 Ω/sq
8 GHz
11 GHz
15 GHz

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表 3 FSS吸波体参数

Table 3. Structural parameters of the FSS absorber.

参量	值/mm	参量	值/mm	参量	值/mm
l₁	10.28	w₁	0.20	s₁	0.56
g₁	0.90	r₁	3.30	w_r1	0.38
r₂	2.54	r₃	1.78	l₂	11.78
w₂	0.50	i₂	2.18	s₂	4.74
w_s2	0.54	g₂	1.62	l₃	10.64
w₃	0.22	i₃	2.96	s₃	2.60
w_s3	0.40	g₃	1.06	P	11.90
h₁	6.00	h₂	0.175

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表 4 与其他宽带FSS吸波体的性能对比

Table 4. Comparison between the proposed and other FSS absorbers.

文献	90%带宽/GHz	FBW/%	厚度 (FoM)	FSS层数	角度稳定性
文献	90%带宽/GHz	FBW/%	厚度 (FoM)	FSS层数	TE	TM
[15]	1.07—9.70	160.3	0.93	2	30° (80%)	60° (80%)
[17]	2.24—11.40	134.3	0.075 λ_L	2	45° (80%)	30° (87%)
[22]	2.11—3.89	59.3	0.090 λ_L	3D	50° (90%)	50° (90%)
[25]	5.80—22.20	117.1	0.155 λ_L	1	50° (90%)	40° (90%)
[29]	0.87—9.28	165.8	0.086 λ_L	2	45° (80%)	45° (90%)
[31]	7.0—27.5	118.8	0.096 λ_L	1	45° (80%)	30° (80%)
[32]	2.79—20.62	152.0	0.119 λ_L	2	60° (80%)	60° (80%)
[34]^#	2.0—15.5	154.3	0.113 λ_L	1	—	—
[36]	1.14—14.2	170.2	0.093 λ_L	3	30° (90%)	50° (90%)
[37]	7.5—42.0	139.4	0.02 λ_L	2	50° (> 80%)	50°(> 80%)
[38]^#*	7.8—18.0	79.1	0.065 λ_L	1	—	—
[39]^*	0.76—4.92	146.5	0.031 λ_L	2	—	—
[41]	2.1—37.5	179.0	0.98	4	45° (80%)	60° (90%)-
[51]	3.16—51.6	176.9	0.102 λ_L	4	45° (80%)	45° (88%)
本文设计	1.50—20.50	173.0	0.95或0.093 λ_L	3	45° (80%)	70° (90%)
注: ^# 代表所用介质层为有耗电介质层; ^* 代表介质层为有耗磁介质.

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map

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