基于超材料角反射面的高增益高效率双圆极化Fabry-Perot天线设计

赵振宇; 刘海文; 陈智娇; 董亮; 常乐; 高萌英

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211914

摘要

基于射线跟踪模型, 提出了一种超材料角反射面结构, 实现了Fabry-Perot天线增益和口径效率的提升. 首先对基于超材料角反射面的Fabry-Perot天线进行了理论推导和分析. 然后, 设计并分析了双圆极化馈源、基于超材料角反射面的Fabry-Perot天线及其性能. 最后, 对所提出的Fabry-Perot天线模型进行了制造和测试. 结果表明, 该天线的左圆极化增益和右圆极化增益分别为21.4 dBi和21.3 dBi. 相比馈源天线, 增益分别提高了16.4 dB和16.3 dB. 与传统Fabry-Perot天线相比, 所提出超材料角反射面同时充当了反射面和相位校正面, 实现了对Fabry-Perot天线边缘电磁波的有效调控. 所设计Fabry-Perot天线工作在2.8 GHz频段, 具有高增益、高口径效率和低旁瓣的优点, 满足了太阳射电望远镜F107指数观测的需求.

关键词:

Abstract

Based on the ray-tracing model, a new method of achieving a high gain and high aperture efficiency Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector is proposed. The proposed Fabry-Perot antenna is composed of a dual circularly polarized patch antenna feed and the metamaterial-based corner reflector. The metamaterial-based corner reflector consists of four phase correction metasurfaces and a partially reflective surface. First, theory and analysis of the Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector are presented. Then, the performances of the dual circularly polarized antenna feed, the traditional Fabry-Perot antenna, and the Fabry-Perot antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector are compared among each other and analyzed. Finally, the proposed Fabry-Perot antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) gain and the measured right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) gain of the proposed Fabry-Perot antenna are 21.4 dBi and 21.3 dBi, respectively. Comparing with the antenna feed, the LHCP gain and RHCP gain of the proposed Fabry-Perot antenna are enhanced by 16.4 dB and 16.3 dB, respectively. Compared with the traditional Fabry-Perot antenna, the metamaterial-based corner reflector acts as both a reflection surface and a phase correction surface. It manipulates the propagation direction and phase of electromagnetic wave. The proposed Fabry-Perot antenna with high gain, high aperture efficiency and low sidelobe at 2.8 GHz paves the way for developing the solar radio telescope and conducting the observation.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
西安交通大学信息与通信工程学院, 西安　710049

2.
北京邮电大学电子工程学院, 北京　100876

3.
中国科学院云南天文台, 昆明　650216

通信作者: 刘海文, haiwen_liu@hotmail.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11941003)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号: U1831201)、国家自然科学基金联合基金(批准号: U2031133)、国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2017YFE0128200)和云南省应用基础研究计划(批准号: 2019FB009)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

2.
School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

3.
Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China

Corresponding author: Liu Hai-Wen, haiwen_liu@hotmail.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11941003), the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1831201), the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U2031133), the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2017YFE0128200), and the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province, China (Grant No. 2019FB009).

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参考文献

[1]	Deminov M G, Deminova G F 2020 Geomag. Aeron. 60 606 Google Scholar
[2]	Sun Z X, Wang J Q, Yu L F, Gou W, Wang G L 2021 Res. Astron. Astrophys. 21 105 Google Scholar
[3]	Zhang X G, Jiang W X, Jiang H L, Wang Q, Tian H W, Bai L, Luo Z J, Sun S, Luo Y, Qiu C W, Cui T J 2020 Nat. Electron. 3 165 Google Scholar
[4]	王超, 李勇峰, 沈杨, 丰茂昌, 王甲富, 马华, 张介秋, 屈绍波 2018 67 204101 Google Scholar Wang C, Li Y F, Shen Y, Feng M C, Wang J F, Ma H, Zhang J Q, Qu S B 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 204101 Google Scholar
[5]	马晓亮, 李雄, 郭迎辉, 赵泽宇, 罗先刚 2017 66 147802 Google Scholar Ma X L, Li X, Guo Y H, Zhao Z Y, Luo X G 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 147802 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhu S S, Liu H W, Wen P 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 1952 Google Scholar
[7]	Ge Y, Sun Z, Chen Z, Chen Y 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15 1889 Google Scholar
[8]	郝彪, 杨宾锋, 高军, 曹祥玉, 杨欢欢, 李桐 2020 69 244101 Google Scholar Hao B, Yang B F, Gao J, Cao X Y, Yang H H, Li T 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 244101 Google Scholar
[9]	Zhu S S, Liu H W, Chen Z J 2021 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 54 28LT02 Google Scholar
[10]	郭泽旭, 曹祥玉, 高军, 李思佳, 杨欢欢, 郝彪 2020 69 234102 Google Scholar Guo Z X, Cao X Y, Gao J, Li S J, Yang H H, Hao B 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 234102 Google Scholar
[11]	Liu Z, Liu S, Zhao X, Kong X, Huang Z, Bian B 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 6497 Google Scholar
[12]	Almutawa A T, Hosseini A, Jackson D R, Capolino F 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 67 5163 Google Scholar
[13]	Lu Y F, Lin Y C 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 5395 Google Scholar
[14]	Foroozesh A, Shafai L 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 58 258 Google Scholar
[15]	Singh A K, Abegaonkar M P, Koul S K 2017 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16 2388 Google Scholar
[16]	Al A Y, Kishk A A 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 19 1920 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhou L, Duan X, Luo Z J, Zhou Y H, Chen X 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 7601 Google Scholar
[18]	Guo Q, Wong H 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 564 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhou L, Chen X, Duan X 2018 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 66 2061 Google Scholar
[20]	Xie P, Wang G G, Zou X J, Zong B F 2021 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 69 6965 Google Scholar
[21]	Amiri M A, Balanis C A, Birtcher C R, Barber G C 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 7208 Google Scholar
[22]	Foroozesh A, Shafai L 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 59 4 Google Scholar
[23]	Guo Q Y, Lin Q W, Wong H 2021 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 69 1179 Google Scholar
[24]	Orr R, Goussetis G, Fusco V 2014 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 62 19 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 传统F-P天线剖面图

Fig. 1. Sectional view of the traditional F-P antenna.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于超材料角反射面的F-P天线原理图

Fig. 2. Principle of the F-P antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 所设计F-P天线3维结构图

Fig. 3. Exploded view of the designed F-P antenna.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 贴片天线馈源结构图

Fig. 4. The geometry of the patch antenna feed.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 贴片天线馈源轴比和增益

Fig. 5. Simulated axial ratio and gain of the antenna feed.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 PRS单元结构

Fig. 6. The PRS unit structure.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 PRS单元和介质基板的反射系数

Fig. 7. Reflection coefficient of the PRS unit and substrate.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 两种F-P天线结构　(a) 天线A; (b) 天线B

Fig. 8. Two F-P antenna structures: (a) Antenna A; (b) antenna B.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 天线A和天线B增益与PRS单元个数关系

Fig. 9. Simulated gain of antenna A and antenna B with different PRS units.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 基于超材料角反射面F-P天线的中心剖面图

Fig. 10. Sectional view of the F-P antenna with metamaterial-based corner reflector.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 PCM和AMC单元　(a) PCM正面和反面; (b) AMC单元

Fig. 11. The proposed PCM and the AMC unit: (a) Front and bottom of PCM; (b) AMC unit.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 优化前和优化后AMC单元反射相位

Fig. 12. Reflection phase of the AMC unit before and after optimization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 所设计天线和天线B增益和口径效率对比

Fig. 13. Gain and aperture efficiency of the proposed F-P antenna and antenna B.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 电场分布图　(a)天线B; (b)所设计F-P天线

Fig. 14. Electric field distributions: (a) Antenna B; (b) the proposed F-P antenna.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 F-P天线实物及暗室测试环境

Fig. 15. The fabricated F-P antenna and measurements in microwave anechoic chamber.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 天线轴比和增益　(a) 左旋圆极化; (b) 右旋圆极化

Fig. 16. Axial ratio and gain: (a) Left-hand circular polarization; (b) right-hand circular polarization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 天线方向图　(a) 左旋圆极化方向图; (b) 右旋圆极化方向图

Fig. 17. Radiation patterns: (a) Left-hand circular polarization; (b) right-hand circular polarization.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 天线参数

Table 1. Parameters of the proposed antenna.

参数	数值/mm	参数	数值/mm	参数	数值/mm
$l_{1} $	588	$w_{1} $	34	h	57
$l_{2} $	100	$w_{2} $	35.976	$h_{1} $	1.524
$l_{3} $	24.7	$w_{3} $	40	$h_{2} $	1.524
$l_{4} $	25.2	$w_{4} $	38	$h_{3} $	1.524
$l_{5} $	43.5	$w_{5} $	28.5	$h_{4} $	1.524
$l_{6} $	16.4	$w_{6} $	26.1	$h_{5}$	57
$l_{7} $	33	$w_{7} $	3.3	$l_{13} $	584.952
$l_{8} $	18.3	$w_{8} $	5.6	$l_{12} $	5.2
$l_9 $	15.8	$l_{10} $	16.4	$l_{11 }$	5.6

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 增益高于19 dBi的相关F-P天线对比

Table 2. Comparisons of F-P antennas with the realized gain higher than 19 dBi.

文献	极化	馈源	增益/dBi	口径效率	旁瓣/dB	天线尺寸
[7]	线极化	槽天线	19.1	21.0%	>–12.5	π(3.2λ₀)² × 2.0λ₀
[18]	线极化	贴片天线	21.0	25.0%	–10	6.4λ₀ × 6.4λ₀ × 1.8λ₀
[23]	圆极化	槽天线	20.0	24.7%	–10	π(3.2λ₀)² × 1.02λ₀
[24]	圆极化	贴片天线	19.1	13.7%	–20	6.8λ₀ × 6.8λ₀ × 0.5λ₀
本文	左旋圆极化	贴片天线	21.4	36.6%	–22.4	5.5λ₀ × 5.5λ₀ × 0.56λ₀
本文	右旋圆极化	贴片天线	21.3	35.8%	–22.3	5.5λ₀ × 5.5λ₀ × 0.56λ₀

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Deminov M G, Deminova G F 2020 Geomag. Aeron. 60 606 Google Scholar
[2]	Sun Z X, Wang J Q, Yu L F, Gou W, Wang G L 2021 Res. Astron. Astrophys. 21 105 Google Scholar
[3]	Zhang X G, Jiang W X, Jiang H L, Wang Q, Tian H W, Bai L, Luo Z J, Sun S, Luo Y, Qiu C W, Cui T J 2020 Nat. Electron. 3 165 Google Scholar
[4]	王超, 李勇峰, 沈杨, 丰茂昌, 王甲富, 马华, 张介秋, 屈绍波 2018 67 204101 Google Scholar Wang C, Li Y F, Shen Y, Feng M C, Wang J F, Ma H, Zhang J Q, Qu S B 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 204101 Google Scholar
[5]	马晓亮, 李雄, 郭迎辉, 赵泽宇, 罗先刚 2017 66 147802 Google Scholar Ma X L, Li X, Guo Y H, Zhao Z Y, Luo X G 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 147802 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhu S S, Liu H W, Wen P 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 1952 Google Scholar
[7]	Ge Y, Sun Z, Chen Z, Chen Y 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15 1889 Google Scholar
[8]	郝彪, 杨宾锋, 高军, 曹祥玉, 杨欢欢, 李桐 2020 69 244101 Google Scholar Hao B, Yang B F, Gao J, Cao X Y, Yang H H, Li T 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 244101 Google Scholar
[9]	Zhu S S, Liu H W, Chen Z J 2021 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 54 28LT02 Google Scholar
[10]	郭泽旭, 曹祥玉, 高军, 李思佳, 杨欢欢, 郝彪 2020 69 234102 Google Scholar Guo Z X, Cao X Y, Gao J, Li S J, Yang H H, Hao B 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 234102 Google Scholar
[11]	Liu Z, Liu S, Zhao X, Kong X, Huang Z, Bian B 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 6497 Google Scholar
[12]	Almutawa A T, Hosseini A, Jackson D R, Capolino F 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 67 5163 Google Scholar
[13]	Lu Y F, Lin Y C 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 5395 Google Scholar
[14]	Foroozesh A, Shafai L 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 58 258 Google Scholar
[15]	Singh A K, Abegaonkar M P, Koul S K 2017 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16 2388 Google Scholar
[16]	Al A Y, Kishk A A 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 19 1920 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhou L, Duan X, Luo Z J, Zhou Y H, Chen X 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 7601 Google Scholar
[18]	Guo Q, Wong H 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 564 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhou L, Chen X, Duan X 2018 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 66 2061 Google Scholar
[20]	Xie P, Wang G G, Zou X J, Zong B F 2021 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 69 6965 Google Scholar
[21]	Amiri M A, Balanis C A, Birtcher C R, Barber G C 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 68 7208 Google Scholar
[22]	Foroozesh A, Shafai L 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 59 4 Google Scholar
[23]	Guo Q Y, Lin Q W, Wong H 2021 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 69 1179 Google Scholar
[24]	Orr R, Goussetis G, Fusco V 2014 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 62 19 Google Scholar

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