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The THz wave has good photonic and electronic properties, and has high penetration for non-polar materials, but its own photon energy is low. In addition, the THz wave also has characteristics such as wide bandwidth and large communication capacity, thereby making the THz wave possess important academic value and wide application prospects in the fields of non-destructive testing, biomedical imaging and communication. The development of THz technology requires not only high-performance THz waveguide technology for efficient transmission of THz waves, but also important optical devices such as optical switches, modulators, and couplers that are suitable for THz bands. With the in-depth study of THz waveguide technology, researchers have proposed many high-performance THz waveguide structures, such as metal hollow core tube waveguide, parallel metal plate waveguide, photonic crystal fiber and microstructure hollow core fibers, among which hollow-core photonic crystal fibers and hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARF) have developed rapidly in recent years. So far, THz single-mode single-polarization fiber and high-birefringence fiber have been widely studied, but the researches on the fiber structure and devices that realize THz wave directional coupling are relatively rare. In this paper, we study the influences of the arrangement and distribution of the inner and outer claddings of HC-ARF on transmission characteristics, and thus design a new type of THz dual-core anti-resonant fiber. Compared with ordinary quartz fiber couplers and dual-core photonic crystal fibers, it can utilize a relatively simple structure and achieve directional coupling above 2 THz. Using the finite element analysis method to theoretically analyze the loss characteristics and coupling characteristics of the fiber, it is found that HC-ARF changes the periodic arrangement and distribution of the inner cladding tube within a certain range, which can achieve mode leakage without affecting the fiber transmission characteristics. So the THz dual-core anti-resonant fiber can be designed by using the mode leakage coupling mechanism. By changing the core distance and core gap size, the directional coupling with a coupling length of 0.72 m is realized at a transmission frequency of 2.5 THz. This terahertz dual-core anti-resonance fiber will have an important application value in terahertz optical devices such as terahertz optical switches, modulators and couplers.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- dual-core anti-resonant fiber /
- directional coupling /
- coupling length
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图 1 端面示意图 (a) HC-ARF基础结构; (b) O-ARF; (c) I-ARF
Fig. 1. The cross-section of (a) HC-ARF, (b) O-ARF, and (c) I-ARF.
图 2 I-ARF与O-ARF的限制损耗和纤芯能量占比随φ的变化曲线
Fig. 2. Confinement loss and energy rate as a function of φ for the fundamental mode in I-ARF and O-ARF.
图 3 模场图 (a) HC-ARF; (b) φ = 30°, O-ARF; (c) φ = 50°, O-ARF
Fig. 3. Fundamental mode distribution of (a) HC-ARF, and O-ARF of φ = 30°(b) and φ = 50° (c).
图 4 模场图 (a) HC-ARF; (b) φ = 40°, I-ARF; (c) φ = 60°, I-ARF
Fig. 4. Fundamental mode distribution of (a) HC-ARF, and I-ARF of φ = 40°(b) and φ = 60° (c).
图 5 (a) 镜像双芯反谐振光纤端面示意图; x偏振方向上的对称模s (b)和反对称模a (c)的模场图
Fig. 5. (a) The cross-section of dual-core HC-ARF with mirror composition; the fundamental mode distribution of even-mode s (b) and odd-mode a (c) at x-polarization.
图 6 (a) 镜像双芯反谐振光纤的耦合长度随φ的变化曲线; 光纤在x偏振方向上的对称模s的模场图 (b) φ = 30°; (c) φ = 42°; (d) φ = 60°
Fig. 6. (a) Coupling length as a function of φ for dual-core HC-ARF with mirror composition and the fundamental mode distribution of even-mode at x-polarization when (b) φ = 40°, (c) φ = 42° and (d) φ = 60°.
图 7 (a) 包层重构型双芯反谐振光纤端面示意图; x偏振方向上的模场图 (b) 对称模s, (c) 反对称模a
Fig. 7. (a) The cross-section of dual-core HC-ARF with cladding reconstruction; the fundamental mode distribution of (b) even-mode s and (c) odd-mode a at x-polarization.
图 8 (a) 包层重构型双芯反谐振光纤在不同Dr下的耦合长度随dr的变化曲线; (b) 包层重构型双芯反谐振光纤在不同Dr下的纤芯能量占比随dr的变化曲线
Fig. 8. (a) Coupling length (Lc) and (b) energy rate (R) as a function of dr under different Dr for dual-core HC-ARF with cladding reconstruction.
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[1] Zhong K, Shi W, Xu D G, Liu P X, Wang Y Y, Mei J L, Yan C, F u, S J, Yao J Q 2017 Sci. China Technol. Sc. 60 1801
Google Scholar
[2] Homare M, Yoshiaki S, Isao Y, Shigenori N, Tetsuya Y, Chiko O 2020 Opt. Express 28 12279
Google Scholar
[3] Cao Y Q, Huang P J, Li X, Ge W T, Hou D B, Zhang G X 2018 Phys. Med. Biol. 63 035016
Google Scholar
[4] Withayachumnankul W, Yamada R, Fujita M, Nagatsuma T 2018 APL Photonics 3 051707
Google Scholar
[5] Otter W J, Ridler N M, Yasukochi H, Soeda K, Konishi K, Yumoto J, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Lucyszyn S 2017 Electron Lett. 53 471
Google Scholar
[6] Yoo S, Park J, Choo H 2020 Results Phys. 16 102881
Google Scholar
[7] Islam M S, Sultana J, Atai J, Islam M R, Abbott D 2017 Optik 145 398
Google Scholar
[8] 魏薇, 张志明, 唐莉勤, 丁镭, 范万德, 李乙钢 2019 68 114209
Google Scholar
Wei W, Zhang Z M, Tang L Q, Ding L, Fan W D, Li Y G 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 114209
Google Scholar
[9] Wei C L, Weiblen R J, Menyuk C R, Hu J 2017 Adv. Opt. Photonics 9 504
Google Scholar
[10] Hasanuzzaman G K M, Iezekiel S, Markos C, Habib M S 2018 Opt. Commun. 426 477
[11] Zhang W, Lian Z G, Trevor B, Wang X, Lou S Q 2019 J. Opt. 21 025001
Google Scholar
[12] Wang X Y, Li S G, Liu Q, Wang G Y, Zhao Y Y 2017 Plasmonics 12 1325
Google Scholar
[13] Sultana J, Islam M S, Faisal M, Islam M R, Ng B W, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Abbott D 2018 Opt. Commun. 407 92
Google Scholar
[14] Hasan M R, Akter S, Khatun T, Rifat A A, Anower M S 2017 Opt. Eng. 56 043108
Google Scholar
[15] Wang D D, Mu C L, Kong D P, Guo C Y 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 118701
Google Scholar
[16] Dupuis A, Allard J, Morris D, Stoeffler K, Dubois C, Skorobogatiy M 2009 Opt. Express 17 8012
Google Scholar
[17] 姜子伟, 白晋军, 侯宇, 王湘晖, 常胜江 2013 62 028702
Google Scholar
Jiang Z W, Bai J J, Hou Y, Wang X H, Chang S J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 028702
Google Scholar
[18] Busch S F, Weidenbach M, Balzer J C, Koch M 2015 J. Infrared Milli. Terahz. Waves 37 303
Google Scholar
[19] Cunningham P D, Valdes N N, Vallejo F A, Hayden L M, Polishak B, Zhou X H, Luo J D, Jen A K, Williams J C, Twieg R J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 043505
Google Scholar
[20] Liang J, Ren L Y, Chen N N, Zhou C H 2013 Opt. Commun. 295 257
Google Scholar
[21] Li S H, Wang J 2015 Opt. Express 23 18736
Google Scholar
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