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利用湖南省2013年汛期(4–9月)的高密度区域自动站的雨量数据, 引入Cressman逐步订正法求取0.01° ×0.01°精细网格的区域降水量, 并与距离平方倒数法、距离指数法和距离平方指数法计算的区域降水量进行比较. 结果表明, Cressman逐步订正法计算的区域降水量与距离平方倒数法和距离指数法的结果相当, 但其空间结构更为精细和准确, 更好地反映了雨量站数据的分布特征. 交叉验证表明Cressman逐步订正法与原始区域自动站值最为接近, 误差绝对值小于0.5 mm 的雨量站占总站数的98.71%, 误差标准差为0.24mm. 对于0.01°×0.01°精细的空间分辨率而言, Cressman 逐步订正法利用高密度的区域自动站数据求得的区域降水量可以用于检验雷达定量估测降水.
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关键词:
- 雷达估测降水 /
- Cressman逐步订正法 /
- 区域降水量
Using the precipitation data given by high-density regional automated weather stations during main flood season in Hunan Province, in 2013, Cressman algorithm is introduced to calculate the regional precipitation value in 0.01°×0.01° resolution and is compared with the methods of a reciprocal of distance square, distance exponent, and distance square exponent. It is shown that the precipitation construction of Cressman algorithm is finer and closer to the features of gage data than other methods. Precipitation accumulation amount given by Cressman algorithm is in agreement with those obtained using methods of reciprocal of distance square and range exponent as well. Cross-validation tests show that the number with the absolute error less than 0.5 mm accounts for 98.71% of total gage number. The standard deviation of error is 0.24 mm, which is the least of all methods. As to 0.01°×0.01° resolution, the regional precipitation calculated by Cressman algorithm is adaptable to validate the radar estimation rainfall.[1] Wang P, Niu Z Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 019201 (in Chinese) [王萍, 牛智勇 2014 63 019201]
[2] Zhang P C, Du B Y, Dai T P 2001 Radar Meteorology (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) pp171-180 (in Chinese) [张培昌, 杜秉玉, 戴铁丕 2001 雷达气象学 (第二版) (北京: 气象出版社) 第171–180页]
[3] Dong G H, Liu L P 2012 J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. 23 30 (in Chinese) [东高红, 刘黎平 2012 应用气象学报 23 30]
[4] Krajewski F W, Villarini G, Smith A J 2010 Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 91 87
[5] Anagnostou E N, Krajewski F W 1999 J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 16 189
[6] Zhang Y P 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science) (in Chinese) [张亚萍 2007 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国气象科学研究院)]
[7] Fu D S, Dai T P 1991 Sci. Meteor. Sin. 11 292 (in Chinese) [傅德胜, 戴铁丕 1991 气象科学 11 292]
[8] Li J T, Zhang P C 1996 J. Oceanogr. Taiwan Strait 15 255 (in Chinese) [李健通, 张培昌1996 台湾海峡 15 255]
[9] Tian F Y, Cheng M H, Zhang Y P, Yao Y F 2010 Acta Meteor. Sin. 68 717 (in Chinese) [田付友, 程明虎, 张亚萍, 姚燕飞 2010 气象学报 68 717]
[10] Dai T P, Zhan Y, Liu W L 1995 Meteor. Mon. 21 9 (in Chinese) [戴铁丕, 詹煜, 刘婉莉 1995 气象 21 9]
[11] Zhang P C, Dai T P, Fu D S, Wu Z F 1992 J. Atmos. Sci. 16 248 (in Chinese) [张培昌, 戴铁丕, 傅德胜, 伍志芳 1992 大气科学 16 248]
[12] Chen L, Cheng Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 090204
[13] Wang J F, Sun F X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 090204
[14] Shepard D 1968 A Two-dimensional Interpolation Function for Irregularly-Spaced Data (New York: Association for Computing Machinery) p517
[15] Wang Y S 2001 Meteor. Sci. Technol. 29(3) 1 (in Chinese) [王跃山 2001 气象科技 29(3) 1]
[16] Wang Y S 2001 Meteor. Sci. Technol. 29(1) 1 (in Chinese) [王跃山 2001 气象科技 29(1) 1]
[17] Feng J M, Zhao T B, Zhang Y J 2004 Climatic Enviro. Res. 6 261 (in Chinese) [冯锦明, 赵天保, 张英娟 2004 气候与环境研究 6 261]
[18] Zhao T B, Ai L K, Feng J M 2004 Climatic Enviro. Res. 6 278 (in Chinese) [赵天保, 艾丽坤, 冯锦明 2004 气候与环境研究 6 278]
[19] Zhang H J, Ma Q Y, Wu H P, Luo B, Tang W 2009 Meteor. Mon. 35 131 (in Chinese) [张红杰, 马清云, 吴焕萍, 罗兵, 唐卫 2009 气象 35 131]
[20] Luo Y L, Qian W M, Zhang R H, Zhang D L 2013 J. Hydrometeor. 14 1243
[21] Cressman G P 1959 Mon. Wea. Rev. 87 367
[22] Shao Y H, Zhang W C, Liu Y H, Zhang J Y 2009 Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. 33 971 (in Chinese) [邵月红, 张万昌, 刘永和, 张京英 2009 大气科学 33 971]
[23] Gao X R, Lian J Y, Li C H 2012 J. Trop. Meteor. 28 77 (in Chinese) [高晓荣, 梁建茵, 李春晖 2012 热带气象学报 28 77]
[24] Yin Z H, Zhang P Y 2005 J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. 16 213 (in Chinese) [尹忠海, 张沛源 2005 应用气象学报 16 213]
[25] Yao Y F, Cheng M H, Yang H P, Zhang Y P, Tian F Y 2007 Meteor. Mon. 33 37 (in Chinese) [姚燕飞, 程明虎, 杨洪平, 张亚萍, 田付友 2007 气象 33 37]
[26] Tian F Y 2008 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science) (in Chinese) [田付友 2008 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国气象科学研究院)]
[27] Ran L K, Zhou Y S, Yang W X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 099201 (in Chinese) [冉令坤, 周玉淑, 杨文霞 2011 60 099201]
[28] He S H, Feng T C, Gong Y C, Huang Y H, Wu C G, Gong Z Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 059202
[29] Zhou Y S, Ran L K 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1366 (in Chinese) [周玉淑, 冉令坤 2010 59 1366]
[30] Li T H 2009 The Study of Building-up High Spatial Resolution Meteorology Data Based on Kriging Methods (Taiwan: National Taiwan University) p13 (in Chinese) [李天浩 2009 应用克利金法建立高解析度网格点气象数据之研究 (台湾: 国立台湾大学水工试验所) 第13页]
[31] Yang H P, Zhang P Y, Cheng M H, Li B, Xiong Y, Gao Y C, Chen D R 2009 J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. 20 47 (in Chinese) [杨洪平, 张沛源, 程明虎, 李柏, 熊毅, 高玉春, 陈大任 2009 应用气象学报 20 47]
[32] Ren Z H, Zhao P, Zhang Q, Zhang Z F, Cao L J, Yang Y R, Zou F L, Zhao Y F, Zhao H M, Chen Z 2010 Meteor. Mon. 36 123 (in Chinese) [任芝花, 赵平, 张强, 张志富, 曹丽娟, 杨燕茹, 邹凤玲, 赵煜飞, 赵慧敏, 陈哲 2010 气象 36 123]
[33] Shen Y 2012 Training PPT of National Meteorological Information Center (Beijing: National Meteorological Information Center) (in Chinese) [沈艳 2012 国家气象信息中心培训PPT (北京: 国家气象信息中心)]
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[1] Wang P, Niu Z Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 019201 (in Chinese) [王萍, 牛智勇 2014 63 019201]
[2] Zhang P C, Du B Y, Dai T P 2001 Radar Meteorology (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) pp171-180 (in Chinese) [张培昌, 杜秉玉, 戴铁丕 2001 雷达气象学 (第二版) (北京: 气象出版社) 第171–180页]
[3] Dong G H, Liu L P 2012 J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. 23 30 (in Chinese) [东高红, 刘黎平 2012 应用气象学报 23 30]
[4] Krajewski F W, Villarini G, Smith A J 2010 Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 91 87
[5] Anagnostou E N, Krajewski F W 1999 J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 16 189
[6] Zhang Y P 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science) (in Chinese) [张亚萍 2007 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国气象科学研究院)]
[7] Fu D S, Dai T P 1991 Sci. Meteor. Sin. 11 292 (in Chinese) [傅德胜, 戴铁丕 1991 气象科学 11 292]
[8] Li J T, Zhang P C 1996 J. Oceanogr. Taiwan Strait 15 255 (in Chinese) [李健通, 张培昌1996 台湾海峡 15 255]
[9] Tian F Y, Cheng M H, Zhang Y P, Yao Y F 2010 Acta Meteor. Sin. 68 717 (in Chinese) [田付友, 程明虎, 张亚萍, 姚燕飞 2010 气象学报 68 717]
[10] Dai T P, Zhan Y, Liu W L 1995 Meteor. Mon. 21 9 (in Chinese) [戴铁丕, 詹煜, 刘婉莉 1995 气象 21 9]
[11] Zhang P C, Dai T P, Fu D S, Wu Z F 1992 J. Atmos. Sci. 16 248 (in Chinese) [张培昌, 戴铁丕, 傅德胜, 伍志芳 1992 大气科学 16 248]
[12] Chen L, Cheng Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 090204
[13] Wang J F, Sun F X 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 090204
[14] Shepard D 1968 A Two-dimensional Interpolation Function for Irregularly-Spaced Data (New York: Association for Computing Machinery) p517
[15] Wang Y S 2001 Meteor. Sci. Technol. 29(3) 1 (in Chinese) [王跃山 2001 气象科技 29(3) 1]
[16] Wang Y S 2001 Meteor. Sci. Technol. 29(1) 1 (in Chinese) [王跃山 2001 气象科技 29(1) 1]
[17] Feng J M, Zhao T B, Zhang Y J 2004 Climatic Enviro. Res. 6 261 (in Chinese) [冯锦明, 赵天保, 张英娟 2004 气候与环境研究 6 261]
[18] Zhao T B, Ai L K, Feng J M 2004 Climatic Enviro. Res. 6 278 (in Chinese) [赵天保, 艾丽坤, 冯锦明 2004 气候与环境研究 6 278]
[19] Zhang H J, Ma Q Y, Wu H P, Luo B, Tang W 2009 Meteor. Mon. 35 131 (in Chinese) [张红杰, 马清云, 吴焕萍, 罗兵, 唐卫 2009 气象 35 131]
[20] Luo Y L, Qian W M, Zhang R H, Zhang D L 2013 J. Hydrometeor. 14 1243
[21] Cressman G P 1959 Mon. Wea. Rev. 87 367
[22] Shao Y H, Zhang W C, Liu Y H, Zhang J Y 2009 Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. 33 971 (in Chinese) [邵月红, 张万昌, 刘永和, 张京英 2009 大气科学 33 971]
[23] Gao X R, Lian J Y, Li C H 2012 J. Trop. Meteor. 28 77 (in Chinese) [高晓荣, 梁建茵, 李春晖 2012 热带气象学报 28 77]
[24] Yin Z H, Zhang P Y 2005 J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. 16 213 (in Chinese) [尹忠海, 张沛源 2005 应用气象学报 16 213]
[25] Yao Y F, Cheng M H, Yang H P, Zhang Y P, Tian F Y 2007 Meteor. Mon. 33 37 (in Chinese) [姚燕飞, 程明虎, 杨洪平, 张亚萍, 田付友 2007 气象 33 37]
[26] Tian F Y 2008 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science) (in Chinese) [田付友 2008 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国气象科学研究院)]
[27] Ran L K, Zhou Y S, Yang W X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 099201 (in Chinese) [冉令坤, 周玉淑, 杨文霞 2011 60 099201]
[28] He S H, Feng T C, Gong Y C, Huang Y H, Wu C G, Gong Z Q 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 059202
[29] Zhou Y S, Ran L K 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1366 (in Chinese) [周玉淑, 冉令坤 2010 59 1366]
[30] Li T H 2009 The Study of Building-up High Spatial Resolution Meteorology Data Based on Kriging Methods (Taiwan: National Taiwan University) p13 (in Chinese) [李天浩 2009 应用克利金法建立高解析度网格点气象数据之研究 (台湾: 国立台湾大学水工试验所) 第13页]
[31] Yang H P, Zhang P Y, Cheng M H, Li B, Xiong Y, Gao Y C, Chen D R 2009 J. Appl. Meteor. Sci. 20 47 (in Chinese) [杨洪平, 张沛源, 程明虎, 李柏, 熊毅, 高玉春, 陈大任 2009 应用气象学报 20 47]
[32] Ren Z H, Zhao P, Zhang Q, Zhang Z F, Cao L J, Yang Y R, Zou F L, Zhao Y F, Zhao H M, Chen Z 2010 Meteor. Mon. 36 123 (in Chinese) [任芝花, 赵平, 张强, 张志富, 曹丽娟, 杨燕茹, 邹凤玲, 赵煜飞, 赵慧敏, 陈哲 2010 气象 36 123]
[33] Shen Y 2012 Training PPT of National Meteorological Information Center (Beijing: National Meteorological Information Center) (in Chinese) [沈艳 2012 国家气象信息中心培训PPT (北京: 国家气象信息中心)]
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